Deck 16: The Urinary System and Excretion

Question 1

Where are the kidneys located?

A)ventral region of the thorax
B)lumbar region
C)ventral region of the pelvis
D)dorsal region of the thorax

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The breakdown of nucleotides produces

A)creatinine.
B)ammonia.
C)uric acid.
D)urea.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The kidneys are located in the abdominopelvic cavity.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Which of the following is an excretory waste?

A)Feces
B)Bacteria
C)Urea
D)All apply.

Question 5

Which of the following carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?

A)Urethra
B)Hilum
C)Ureters
D)Peritoneum

Question 6

Increased salt content of the blood will lead to ______ blood volume.

A)increased
B)decreased
C)no change in the

Question 7

Which of the following is a nitrogenous waste?

A)Ammonia
B)Urea
C)Creatinine
D)All apply.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the urinary system?

A)Excretion of metabolic wastes
B)Secretion of hormones
C)Maintenance of acid-base balance
D)All apply.

Question 9

The kidneys maintain acid-base balance mainly by excreting _____ and reabsorbing _____.

A)sodium;potassium.
B)bicarbonate;sodium.
C)hydrogen;bicarbonate.
D)chloride;hydrogen

Question 10

The function of the urinary bladder is to

A)store urine until it is expelled.
B)produce urine.
C)store sperm and semen.
D)None apply.

Question 11

Urea is a by-product of the metabolism of

A)sugars.
B)fats.
C)cholesterol.
D)amino acids.

Question 12

Creatinine is a metabolic product produced in

A)muscles.
B)nerves.
C)fat cells.
D)the liver.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a homeostatic function of the kidneys?

A)Maintenance of acid-base and water-salt balances
B)Elimination of digestive wastes
C)Excretion of metabolic wastes
D)Maintenance of blood pressure

Question 14

Uric acid is a by-product of _____ metabolism.

A)glucose
B)nucleotide
C)amino acid
D)creatine phosphate

Question 15

The three openings of the bladder form the

A)urethra
B)trigone
C)ureters
D)detrusor muscle

Question 16

Urochrome comes from the metabolism of ___________ in the liver.

A)amino acids
B)hemoglobin
C)lactic acid
D)cholesterol

Question 17

The kidneys aid in maintaining blood pressure by

A)excreting urea and uric acid.
B)maintaining a normal blood volume.
C)producing erythropoietin.
D)All apply.

Question 18

When the kidney's own blood supply decreases,they release _____,which leads to secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex.

A)erythropoietin
B)vitamin D
C)creatinine
D)renin

Question 19

The kidneys are retroperitoneal.What does that mean?

A)They are behind the parietal peritoneum.
B)They are behind back muscles.
C)They are placed backwards in the abdominal cavity.
D)They are behind the intestines.

Question 20

When the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is low,the kidneys release ______,which will cause an increase in red blood cell production.

A)erythropoietin
B)vitamin D
C)creatinine
D)renin

Question 21

Micturition involves both ________ and __________ nerve impulses.

A)somatic;enteric
B)sympathetic;parasympathetic
C)sympathetic;somatic
D)somatic;parasympathetic

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a region of a kidney?

A)Renal pelvis
B)Renal medulla
C)Renal fascia
D)Renal cortex

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT part of the nephron's blood supply?

A)Afferent arteriole
B)Efferent arteriole
C)Renal artery
D)Glomerulus

Question 24

Which of the following extends from the urinary bladder to an external opening?

A)Urethra
B)Hilum
C)Ureters
D)Trigone

Question 25

Which of the following structures is found in the renal medulla?

A)Glomerular capsule
B)Proximal convoluted tubule
C)Loop of Henle
D)Distal convoluted tubule

Question 26

Which muscle makes up the wall of the urinary bladder?

A)Urinary muscle
B)Pelvic muscle
C)Detrusor muscle
D)Peritoneal muscle

Question 27

What is the capillary network that is part of the renal corpuscle?

A)Peritubular capillaries
B)Vasa recta
C)Glomerulus
D)Choroid plexus

Question 28

The opening of the external urethral sphincter is through action of the

A)somatic nervous system.
B)enteric nervous system.
C)sympathetic nervous system.
D)parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 29

Another name for urination is

A)defecation.
B)mastication.
C)micturition.
D)peristalsis.

Question 30

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the renal cortex?

A)Glomerular capsule
B)Proximal convoluted tubule
C)Loop of Henle
D)Distal convoluted tubule

Question 31

Cone-shaped tissue masses of the kidney are called renal

A)Renal pyramids.
B)Renal columns.
C)Renal pelvis.
D)Renal cortex.

Question 32

Which blood vessel leads into the glomerulus?

A)Afferent arteriole
B)Efferent arteriole
C)Renal artery
D)Peritubular capillaries

Question 33

In which gender is the urethra part of the reproductive system?

A)Male
B)Female
C)Both male and female
D)Neither male nor female

Question 34

What anatomical features allow for the expansion of the urinary bladder as it fills with urine?

A)Plicae and elastic connective tissue
B)Rugae and columnar epithelium
C)Plicae and stratified squamous epithelium
D)Rugae and transitional epithelium

Question 35

In which gender is the urethra shorter?

A)Male
B)Female
C)Male and female urethras are approximately equal in length

Question 36

What is the central cavity of the kidney called?

A)Renal pyramids
B)Renal columns
C)Renal pelvis
D)Renal cortex

Question 37

The opening of the internal urethral sphincter is through action of the

A)somatic nervous system.
B)enteric nervous system.
C)sympathetic nervous system.
D)parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 38

The functional unit of the kidney that produces urine is the

A)Pyramid.
B)Nephron.
C)Pelvis.
D)Neuron.

Question 39

Which of the following is part of a nephron?

A)Glomerular capsule
B)Proximal and distal convoluted collecting tubules
C)Loop of the nephron
D)All apply.

Question 40

The efferent arteriole takes blood to the

A)glomerulus.
B)renal vein.
C)peritubular capillaries.
D)afferent arteriole.

Question 41

Most of the body's water input comes from

A)in what we drink.
B)in what we eat.
C)from body metabolism.
D)in the air we inhale.

Question 42

What process(es)is(are)used by the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule to return water and needed nutrients to the blood?

A)Active transport of sodium ions,glucose,and other nutrients
B)Passive transport of chloride ions
C)Water movement by osmosis
D)All apply.

Question 43

How much water is filtered by the kidneys per day?

A)1.8 liter
B)100 liters
C)180 liters
D)500 liters

Question 44

Most of the body's water exits the body as

A)sweat.
B)feces.
C)urine.
D)exhaled air.

Question 45

Diabetes mellitus causes glucose to be found in the urine.Why?

A)In diabetes mellitus,reabsorption of glucose is increased.
B)Glucose is filtered,then reabsorbed in the renal tubule.
C)Glucose transporters are overwhelmed with the large amount of glucose that needs to be reabsorbed;they can't keep up.

Question 46

The process that moves substances from the blood into the kidney tubules to become part of the urine is

A)glomerular filtration.
B)tubular reabsorption.
C)tubular secretion.

Question 47

Diabetes mellitus involves ______ glucose in the blood and ______ glucose in the urine.

A)decreased;decreased
B)decreased;increased
C)increased;increased
D)increased;decreased

Question 48

Glucose

A)is found in the filtrate and is reabsorbed,but still occurs in the urine.
B)never leaves the blood plasma.
C)is filtered and completely reabsorbed.
D)is filtered,but not reabsorbed.

Question 49

The ______ collects urine from several nephrons,and empties it into the renal pelvis.

A)distal convoluted tubule
B)collecting duct
C)ureter
D)urinary bladder

Question 50

Which of the following parts of a nephron is NOT correctly matched with its epithelium type?

A)Glomerular capsule - podocytes
B)Proximal convoluted tubule - cuboidal with microvilli
C)Loop of Henle - simple squamous
D)distal convoluted tubule - simple columnar with microvilli

Question 51

Where is most of the body's water found?

A)In the blood
B)Outside the cells (tissue fluid)
C)Inside the cells (intracellular)
D)In the lymph

Question 52

Protein

A)is found in the filtrate and is reabsorbed,but still occurs in the urine.
B)does not leave the blood plasma under normal conditions.
C)is filtered and reabsorbed totally.
D)is filtered,but not reabsorbed.

Question 53

Which structure is NOT important for the reabsorption of water?

A)Collecting duct
B)Glomerular capsule
C)Loop of Henle
D)Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 54

The average adult body is about _____ water by weight.

A)40 - 50%
B)50 - 60%
C)60 - 70%
D)70 - 80%

Question 55

Which of the following correctly describes the process of glomerular filtration?

A)Blood cells and plasma proteins are pushed out of the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule.
B)Water,nitrogenous wastes,nutrients,and ions are pushed out of the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule.
C)Water and dissolved substances move out of the glomerulus by osmosis into the glomerular capsule.
D)Water and formed elements are pushed out of the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule.

Question 56

Urea

A)is found in the filtrate and is reabsorbed,but is still found in the urine.
B)never leaves the blood plasma.
C)is filtered and reabsorbed totally.
D)is filtered,but not reabsorbed.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a way that water enters the body?

A)In what we drink
B)In what we eat
C)From body metabolism
D)In the air we inhale

Question 58

The function of the proximal convoluted tubule is to

A)return water and needed nutrients to the blood.
B)move excess hydrogen ions into the kidney tubule.
C)keep salt from re-entering the blood.
D)All apply

Question 59

Salt

A)is found in the filtrate and is reabsorbed,but still occurs in the urine.
B)never leaves the blood plasma.
C)is filtered and reabsorbed totally.
D)is filtered,but not reabsorbed.

Question 60

Which places the parts of the nephron in the correct order?

A)Distal convoluted tubule,loop of Henle,glomerular capsule,proximal convoluted tubule,collecting duct
B)Glomerular capsule,proximal convoluted tubule,loop of Henle,distal convoluted tubule,collecting duct
C)Glomerular capsule,distal convoluted tubules,loop of Henle,proximal convoluted tubule,collecting duct
D)Loop of Henle,collecting duct,proximal convoluted tubule,glomerular capsule,distal convoluted tubule

Question 61

One of the effects of aldosterone is the

A)excretion of water and osmosis of potassium ions into the blood.
B)excretion of potassium ions and osmosis of water into the blood.
C)excretion of calcium ions and potassium ions.
D)excretion of bicarbonate ions and osmosis of water into the blood.

Question 62

Diuretics

A)decrease water reabsorption.
B)raise blood volume.
C)increase urine flow.
D)both decrease water reabsorption and increase urine flow.

Question 63

Why are some salts excreted?

A)They are end products of metabolism
B)To maintain proper salt concentration in the blood
C)They are not excreted

Question 64

One of the effects of increased aldosterone secretion is to ______ blood pressure.

A)increase
B)decrease

Question 65

What stimulus causes the release of renin?

A)High blood pressure
B)Low blood oxygen
C)Low blood pressure
D)Low blood sodium

Question 66

What substance found in the renal medulla helps increase the amount of water drawn out of the tubule to be picked up by the blood?

A)Glucose
B)Amino acids
C)Urea
D)Chloride ions

Question 67

What stimulus causes the release of atrial natriuretic hormone from the atria of the heart?

A)Decreased blood volume entering the atria
B)Increased blood volume entering the atria
C)Decreased blood pressure
D)Increased blood sodium levels

Question 68

What hormone causes the excretion of sodium and therefore water from the body?

A)Antidiuretic hormone
B)Aldosterone
C)Atrial natriuretic hormone
D)All apply.

Question 69

Which structure secretes renin?

A)Hypothalamus
B)Posterior pituitary gland
C)Juxtaglomerular apparatus
D)Distal convoluted tubule

Question 70

What structure in the kidneys monitors blood pressure,which helps regulate water and electrolyte reabsorption?

A)Glomerular capsule
B)Afferent arteriole
C)Juxtaglomerular apparatus
D)Peritubular capillaries

Question 71

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)is produced by the _______ and secreted by the _______.

A)juxtaglomerular apparatus;juxtaglomerular apparatus
B)posterior pituitary;posterior pituitary
C)hypothalamus;anterior pituitary
D)hypothalamus;posterior pituitary

Question 72

Aldosterone is produced by the

A)hypothalamus.
B)posterior pituitary.
C)adrenal cortex.
D)adrenal medulla.

Question 73

Water moves out of the _____ limb of the loop of Henle,while sodium chloride moves out of the _____ limb of the loop of Henle.

A)ascending;descending
B)descending;ascending

Question 74

What structure collects both salts and water in equal amounts and moves them back to blood circulation?

A)Collecting duct
B)Loop of Henle
C)Efferent arteriole
D)Vasa recta

Question 75

The best indicator of the blood's osmolality is the concentration of

A)calcium ion.
B)bicarbonate ion.
C)sodium ion.
D)potassium ion.

Question 76

ADH causes more water to be reabsorbed into the blood to give a lower urine volume.

Question 77

What stimulus causes the hypothalamus to produce ADH?

A)Decreased blood osmolality
B)Increased blood osmolality
C)Increased blood pressure
D)None apply.

Question 78

What hormone is released as a result of renin secretion by the kidney?

A)Antidiuretic hormone
B)Aldosterone
C)Atrial natriuretic hormone
D)All apply.

Question 79

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)acts upon the

A)the descending loop of Henle.
B)the collecting duct.
C)the glomerulus.
D)the distal convoluted tubule.

Question 80

The increasing concentration of salt and urea in the renal medulla that continues to draw water out of the descending limb is called

A)diuresis.
B)antidiuresis.
C)countercurrent mechanism.
D)secretion.