Deck 14: The Respiratory System

Question 1

Which of the following is the correct sequence when tracing the path of air from the nose to the lungs?

A)Nasal cavity,pharynx,larynx,trachea,bronchi,bronchioles
B)Nasal cavity,larynx,pharynx,bronchi,bronchioles,trachea
C)Nasal cavity,bronchi,bronchioles,trachea,pharynx,larynx
D)Nasal cavity,pharynx,larynx,trachea,bronchioles,bronchi

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What is the first lymphatic tissue that inspired air encounters?

A)Palatine tonsils
B)Uvula
C)Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
D)Epiglottis

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What portion of the bronchial tree supplies each lobe of the lungs?

A)Primary bronchi
B)Secondary bronchi
C)Tertiary bronchi
D)Bronchioles

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What is external respiration?

A)Ventilation (breathing)
B)Gas exchange between blood and tissue fluid
C)Gas exchange between air and blood
D)Production of ATP

Question 5

The glottis is

A)a flap of cartilage folding over the opening of the larynx.
B)the passageway for air through the posterior nasal cavity.
C)the passageway for air through the vocal cords.
D)All apply.

Question 6

External respiration is defined as bringing outside air into the lungs.

Question 7

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A)Ventilation
B)Gas exchange
C)Transport of gases
D)All apply.

Question 8

The common name for the larynx is the

A)throat.
B)voice box.
C)windpipe.
D)Adam's apple.

Question 9

Which portion of the respiratory tract is also a passageway for food?

A)Larynx
B)Trachea
C)Bronchi
D)Pharynx

Question 10

Why is the trachea supported by C-shaped cartilage rings instead of O-shaped (complete rings)?

A)To hold it open all the time
B)To allow the esophagus to expand when swallowing
C)To produce sound as air passes through

Question 11

Sound is normally produced from

A)air moving down through the vocal cords.
B)the epiglottis vibrating.
C)air moving up through the vocal cords.
D)All apply.

Question 12

The epiglottis

A)contains vocal cords.
B)contains cilia.
C)prevents food from entering the air passage.
D)pushes air into the lungs.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a division of the pharynx?

A)Oropharynx
B)Laryngopharynx
C)Sinopharynx
D)Nasopharynx

Question 14

What is the purpose of the paranasal sinuses that connect with the nasal cavity?

A)Gas exchange
B)Reduce the weight of the skull
C)Resonance chambers for speech
D)Both reduce the weight of the skull and resonance chambers for speech.

Question 15

What structures enter the lungs?

A)Secondary bronchi
B)Alveoli
C)Primary bronchi
D)Trachea

Question 16

What is the purpose of the mucociliary escalator mechanism?

A)To inhale air
B)To screen out,kill,and remove dust,dirt,and pathogens from inhaled air
C)To transport gases through the mucous membrane
D)To move inhaled air through the rest of the respiratory tract

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal conchae?

A)Provide an area for the olfactory receptors
B)Increase surface area for moistening inhaled air
C)Create turbulence to help clean the air
D)Increase surface area to trap moisture from exhaled air

Question 18

What type of tissue forms the mucosa of the trachea?

A)Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
B)Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
C)Stratified squamous epithelium
D)Simple columnar epithelium

Question 19

What is internal respiration?

A)Ventilation (breathing)
B)Gas exchange between blood and tissue fluid
C)Gas exchange between air and blood
D)Production of ATP

Question 20

Following the path of air traveling through the respiratory system,as the bronchi get smaller,the amount of _____ in their walls decreases.

A)mucus
B)cartilage
C)smooth muscle

Question 21

Both the alveoli and lung capillaries have walls of simple squamous epithelium.

Question 22

Which of the following muscles contract to start normal expiration?

A)Diaphragm
B)Internal intercostals
C)External intercostals
D)No muscles contract

Question 23

Intrapleural pressure must be _____ intrapulmonary pressure to keep the lungs inflated.

A)less than
B)greater than
C)the same as

Question 24

What force creates the intrapleural pressure between the visceral and parietal pleurae?

A)Air pressure
B)Hydrostatic pressure
C)Osmotic pressure
D)Surface tension

Question 25

The respiratory membrane is made up of three layers of cells.

Question 26

The diaphragm is

A)a skeletal muscle.
B)the floor of the chest cavity.
C)involved in breathing.
D)All apply.

Question 27

Which of the following is a function of the serous fluid of the pleurae?

A)Increases friction between the two pleurae
B)Causes the two pleurae to stick to each other
C)Creates surface tension that holds the lungs open against the chest wall
D)All of the choices are functions.

Question 28

What characteristic(s)of the respiratory membrane facilitate(s)gas exchange?

A)Large amount of tissue fluid to dissolve the gases
B)Simple squamous epithelium of the alveolus and capillaries
C)Small surface area
D)Large groups of red blood cells in contact with the membrane

Question 29

An instrument that is used to measure lung volumes is a

A)stethoscope.
B)microscope.
C)spirometer.
D)sphygmomanometer.

Question 30

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for expiration?

A)Lung volume increases,alveolar volume increases,alveolar pressure increases
B)Lung volume increases,alveolar volume decreases,alveolar pressure decreases
C)Lung volume decreases,alveolar volume decreases,alveolar pressure increases
D)Lung volume decreases,alveolar volume increases,alveolar pressure decreases

Question 31

As the volume of the thoracic cavity increases due to the contraction of the muscles of inspiration,what occurs in the lungs and alveoli?

A)lung and alveolar volumes increase and intrapulmonary pressure increases
B)lung and alveolar volumes increase and intrapulmonary pressure decreases
C)lung and alveolar volumes decrease and intrapulmonary pressure increases
D)lung and alveolar volumes decrease and intrapulmonary pressure decreases

Question 32

Contraction of the respiratory muscles causes the thoracic cavity to ______ in volume.

A)increase
B)decrease
C)remain unchanged

Question 33

The visceral pleura

A)is a mucous membrane.
B)is attached to the lung's surface.
C)lines the thoracic cavity.
D)All apply.

Question 34

The drop in pressure in the alveoli to below atmospheric pressure will

A)draw external air into the lungs.
B)push internal air out of the lungs.
C)have no effect on air movement.

Question 35

The pressure that forms between the two layers of the pleura is called

A)intrapulmonary pressure.
B)atmospheric pressure.
C)intrapleural pressure.
D)interthoracic pressure.

Question 36

Which serous membrane lines the thoracic cavity?

A)Visceral pleura
B)Visceral peritoneum
C)Parietal pericardium
D)Parietal pleura

Question 37

An alveolar sac is made of

A)simple squamous epithelium.
B)pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
C)smooth muscle and hyaline cartilage.
D)stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 38

What is the purpose of surfactant that lines each alveolus?

A)Gives the lungs their elasticity
B)Keeps the alveoli from collapsing
C)Increases the surface tension of water

Question 39

The __________ are air sacs where gas exchange occurs.

A)larynx
B)alveoli
C)bronchi
D)trachea

Question 40

Which muscles contract for a forced expiration?

A)External intercostal muscles and internal intercostal muscles
B)Internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles
C)Abdominal muscles and the diaphragm
D)External intercostal muscles and the diaphragm

Question 41

Average tidal volume is approximately

A)1500 mL.
B)2900 mL.
C)1000 mL.
D)500 mL.

Question 42

What principle causes the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the capillaries and the alveoli?

A)Absorption
B)Diffusion
C)Secretion
D)Active transport

Question 43

Total lung volume is approximately 5800 mLs.

Question 44

A secondary respiratory center is found in the _______ that helps ventilation to become smooth and rhythmic.

A)pons
B)midbrain
C)medulla oblongata
D)cerebellum

Question 45

If blood carbon dioxide levels are low,the primary respiratory center will _______ the rate and depth of respiration.

A)increase
B)decrease
C)not change

Question 46

The primary respiratory center is directly sensitive to _____ in the blood to modify respiration rate.

A)carbon dioxide and oxygen levels
B)hydrogen and oxygen levels
C)carbon dioxide and hydrogen levels
D)only oxygen levels

Question 47

Which of the following occurs in Cheyne-Stokes respiration?

A)Deep inspiration
B)Sudden,forceful expiration
C)Deep,labored breathing followed by eupnea
D)Alternating deep,labored breathing and apnea

Question 48

Air that is in the airways,but not in the alveoli for gas exchange,is called the

A)residual volume.
B)dead-space air.
C)functional reserve volume.
D)None apply.

Question 49

The carotid and aortic bodies will communicate with the primary respiratory center when

A)blood oxygen levels are low.
B)blood carbon dioxide levels are low.
C)blood oxygen levels are high.
D)blood acidity is high.

Question 50

A lack of impulses from the primary respiratory center to the respiratory muscles will initiate

A)contraction for expiration.
B)contraction for inspiration.
C)relaxation for expiration.
D)relaxation for inspiration.

Question 51

The extra air inhaled by taking a big,deep breath is the inspiratory capacity.

Question 52

Vital capacity is

A)air remaining in lungs after very deep exhalation.
B)air moved in and out with each breath.
C)maximum volume of air moved in and out during a single deep breath.
D)Inhaling the maximum amount of air.

Question 53

Tidal volume is

A)air remaining in lungs after very deep exhalation.
B)air moved in and out with each normal breath.
C)maximum volume of air moved in and out during a single deep breath.

Question 54

The primary respiratory control center is located in the

A)pons.
B)midbrain.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)cerebellum.

Question 55

The Hering-Breuer reflex

A)increases the rate of respiration.
B)prevents the over-stretching of the lungs.
C)decreases the rate of respiration.
D)stimulates gas exchange in the lungs.

Question 56

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A)Vagus
B)Intercostals
C)Phrenic
D)None apply.

Question 57

Residual volume is

A)air remaining in the alveoli after very deep exhalation.
B)air moved in and out with each breath.
C)maximum volume of air moved in and out during a single deep breath.
D)air that remains in the passageways but not used for gas exchange.

Question 58

Eupnea is

A)a bacterial infection.
B)a nonrespiratory pattern.
C)normal quiet breathing.
D)a component of Cheyne-Stokes respiration.

Question 59

Impulses from the primary respiratory center to the respiratory muscles will initiate

A)contraction for expiration.
B)contraction for inspiration.
C)relaxation for expiration.
D)relaxation for inspiration.

Question 60

What is the term for a faster-than-normal breathing rate?

A)Eupnea
B)Apnea
C)Hyperpnea
D)Dyspnea

Question 61

Hemoglobin assists in the transport of

A)hydrogen ions.
B)carbon dioxide.
C)oxygen.
D)hydrogen ions,carbon dioxide,and oxygen.

Question 62

During external respiration,

A)Hb becomes HbO₂.
B)CO₂ becomes HCO₃^-.
C)carbaminohemoglobin forms.
D)Hb becomes HHb.

Question 63

__________ is detected by a skin test.

A)Pulmonary fibrosis
B)Strep throat
C)Pneumonia
D)Tuberculosis

Question 64

__________ can be caused by coal dust and other small particles.

A)Pulmonary fibrosis
B)Strep throat
C)Pneumonia
D)Tuberculosis

Question 65

The concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide is __________ in tissue fluid than in arterial blood.

A)higher
B)lower
C)the same in both

Question 66

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported

A)dissolved in the plasma.
B)as carbaminohemoglobin.
C)as bicarbonate ions in the plasma.
D)All apply.

Question 67

__________ is a bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract.

A)Pulmonary fibrosis
B)Strep throat
C)Pneumonia
D)Tuberculosis

Question 68

Once hemoglobin has joined with oxygen,it is bright red and called

A)oxyhemoglobin.
B)carbaminohemoglobin.
C)reduced hemoglobin.
D)hemoglobin.

Question 69

After bicarbonate ion is produced in the red blood cell,it moves into the plasma and is replaced by a _____ to keep electrical neutrality.

A)hydrogen ion
B)calcium ion
C)chloride ion
D)potassium ion

Question 70

Before external respiration occurs,the concentration or partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is _____ than in the pulmonary capillaries.

A)higher
B)lower
C)no different

Question 71

In internal respiration,oxygen is diffusing from the

A)tissue fluid into the capillary blood.
B)capillaries into the venules.
C)capillary blood into the tissue fluid.
D)alveoli into the capillary blood.

Question 72

Hyperventilation could lead to

A)acidosis.
B)alkalosis.
C)chloride shift.
D)eupnea.

Question 73

What chemical assists in the formation of the bicarbonate ions from carbon dioxide and water?

A)Oxygen
B)Carbonic anhydrase
C)Carbaminohemoglobin
D)Hydrochloric acid

Question 74

Before external respiration occurs,the concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is _____ than in the pulmonary capillaries.

A)higher
B)lower
C)no different

Question 75

Emphysema

A)is a viral infection.
B)is a degenerative disease affecting the respiratory membrane.
C)generally lasts only a short period of time.
D)All apply.

Question 76

Which of the following is NOT true of acute bronchitis?

A)Usually begins with a viral URI that leads to a bacterial infection
B)A deep productive cough is present
C)It produces thick fluid in the alveoli
D)Involves the primary and secondary bronchi

Question 77

Pneumonia can be caused by either a virus or a bacterium.

Question 78

A decrease in blood pH is known as ______,while an increase is known as _______.

A)alkalosis;acidosis
B)acidosis;alkalosis

Question 79

If carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase,the pH will _________,causing ______________.

A)increase;acidosis
B)increase;alkalosis
C)decrease;acidosis
D)decrease;alkalosis

Question 80

How is otitis media related to the respiratory system?

A)The paranasal sinuses are connected to the nasal cavities.
B)The nasal cavities are connected to the pharynx.
C)The middle ear is connected to the pharynx by the auditory tube.
D)A virus can travel into the external auditory canal.