Deck 10: The Endocrine System

Question 1

The production and release of hormones is controlled by

A)other hormones.
B)the nervous system.
C)other chemical substances.
D)All apply.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a peptide hormone group?

A)Modified amino acids
B)Lipids
C)Proteins
D)Glycoproteins

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT true about the hormone ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?

A)ADH is produced by the hypothalamus.
B)ADH causes water to be reabsorbed into kidney capillaries.
C)ADH is released from the anterior pituitary gland.
D)ADH causes vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

With what portion of the brain is the pituitary associated?

A)Cerebrum
B)Cerebellum
C)Thalamus
D)Hypothalamus

Question 5

Which endocrine gland is found in the thoracic cavity,superior to the heart?

A)Thyroid gland
B)Adrenal gland
C)Thymus gland
D)Pancreatic islets

Question 6

Most hormone action is regulated by

A)negative feedback mechanisms.
B)positive feedback mechanisms.
C)the central nervous system.
D)digestive mechanisms.

Question 7

Chemical signals that affect the behavior of other glands or tissues are called

A)serous secretions.
B)mucus.
C)hormones.
D)synovial fluid.

Question 8

The hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary gland by means of a

A)portal system of blood capillaries and veins.
B)group of secretory neurons.
C)connection with the posterior pituitary gland.
D)All apply.

Question 9

The adenohypophysis is another name for the

A)anterior pituitary gland.
B)hypothalamus.
C)posterior pituitary gland.
D)None apply.

Question 10

What type of cells produce oxytocin and ADH?

A)Glandular cells
B)Neurons
C)Neurosecretory cells
D)Neurohypophysis cells

Question 11

Which type of gland secretes directly into tissue fluids and the blood without ducts?

A)Endocrine
B)Exocrine

Question 12

Another name for the posterior pituitary gland is the

A)adenohypophysis.
B)hypothalamus.
C)neurohypophysis.
D)midbrain.

Question 13

Which endocrine gland is NOT found in the cranial cavity?

A)Thymus gland
B)Pineal gland
C)Pituitary gland
D)Hypothalamus

Question 14

Which endocrine glands are located in the abdominal cavity?

A)Pancreas and thyroid gland
B)Pineal gland and parathyroid glands
C)Adrenal glands and ovaries
D)Pancreas and adrenal glands

Question 15

The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary by producing

A)nerve impulses.
B)releasing hormones.
C)inhibiting hormones.
D)Both releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones are correct.

Question 16

When ions or molecules in the blood stimulate the release of a hormone,it is called _______ control.

A)hormonal
B)nervous
C)humoral
D)molecular

Question 17

A decrease in blood Na+ levels stimulates the release of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal cortex.This is an example of _______ control.

A)nervous
B)hormonal
C)tropic
D)humoral

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true of a steroid hormone?

A)It diffuses into the cell and binds to its receptor protein.
B)The hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA.
C)It activates a second messenger to cause cellular changes.
D)Intracellular enzymes,made from the DNA,direct cellular changes.

Question 19

Another name for the anterior pituitary gland is the adenohypophysis.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT true of a peptide hormone?

A)It diffuses into the cell to cause cellular changes.
B)It binds to a receptor on the plasma membrane.
C)It activates a second messenger inside the cell that causes cellular changes.
D)Cyclic AMP is a common second messenger.

Question 21

What hormone causes breast development and production of milk?

A)Oxytocin
B)Gonadotropins
C)Prolactin
D)ADH

Question 22

What is the function of thyroxine?

A)It increases the metabolic rate.
B)It stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water.
C)It raises blood sugar.
D)It stimulates protein synthesis.

Question 23

Which hormone is needed for thyroxine production?

A)ACTH
B)GH
C)ADH
D)TSH

Question 24

Myxedema is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

A)lethargy and lower pulse.
B)hyperactivity and insomnia.
C)weight gain.
D)lowered body temperature.

Question 25

What element is needed for thyroxine production?

A)Calcium
B)Iodine
C)Sodium
D)Potassium

Question 26

An increase in growth hormone during growing years will cause

A)gigantism.
B)pituitary dwarfism.
C)acromegaly.
D)diabetes insipidus.

Question 27

Hypothyroidism in adults caused by decreased production of thyroxine is known as

A)simple goiter.
B)Graves disease.
C)myxedema.
D)exophthalmic goiter.

Question 28

Simple goiter

A)is due to lack of iodine.
B)is due to high levels of thyroxine in the blood.
C)is an enlargement of the thymus gland.
D)is described by all of these characteristics.

Question 29

The pituitary hormone ACTH will stimulate the ____ to produce its hormones.

A)thyroid gland
B)adrenal cortex
C)adrenal medulla
D)gonads

Question 30

Which endocrine gland produces the most hormones?

A)Posterior pituitary
B)Anterior pituitary
C)Thyroid gland
D)Adrenal gland

Question 31

A deficiency of ADH will result in

A)diabetes insipidus.
B)diabetes mellitus.
C)large urine volume and increased thirst.
D)Both diabetes insipidus and large urine volume and increased thirst are correct.

Question 32

Calcitonin

A)raises blood calcium.
B)lowers blood calcium.
C)deposits excess calcium into bones.
D)Both lowers blood calcium and deposits excess calcium into bones are correct.

Question 33

What is the target organ of thyroxine?

A)Pancreas
B)Ovaries
C)Adrenal glands
D)No specific organs;most body cells

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT true concerning oxytocin?

A)Oxytocin increases uterine contractions during childbirth.
B)Oxytocin produces milk let-down during nursing.
C)Oxytocin is a steroid hormone.
D)Oxytocin is controlled by positive feedback.

Question 35

An increase in growth hormone after growing years will cause

A)gigantism.
B)pituitary dwarfism.
C)acromegaly.
D)diabetes insipidus.

Question 36

Exophthalmic goiter is a characteristic of

A)congenital hypothyroidism.
B)myxedema.
C)Graves disease.
D)acromegaly.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT true of growth hormone (GH)?

A)GH stimulates protein synthesis in bone,cartilage,and muscle.
B)GH increases the rate of amino acid uptake by cells.
C)GH is also known as vasopressin.
D)GH promotes fat metabolism as opposed to glucose metabolism.

Question 38

Calcitonin

A)is produced by the thyroid gland.
B)is produced by the parathyroid gland.
C)lowers the metabolic rate.
D)is produced by the parathyroid gland and lowers the metabolic rate.

Question 39

Hyperthyroidism in adults caused by oversecretion of thyroxine is known as

A)simple goiter.
B)Graves disease.
C)myxedema.
D)acromegaly.

Question 40

Which of the following are gonadotropic hormones?

A)ACTH and FSH
B)FSH and LH
C)LH and TSH
D)ACTH and TSH

Question 41

PTH acts to raise blood calcium levels.

Question 42

Hypocalcemia can result in

A)muscle weakness.
B)renal failure.
C)depressed nervous system.
D)tetany.

Question 43

Epinephrine is produced by the

A)adrenal medulla.
B)adrenal cortex.
C)thyroid gland.
D)thymus.

Question 44

Excessive PTH secretion can lead to hypocalcemia.

Question 45

The main stimulus for the release of aldosterone comes from the

A)adrenal medulla.
B)anterior pituitary.
C)kidneys.
D)lungs.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT true of glucocorticoids?

A)Promotes the metabolism of fatty acids instead of carbohydrates
B)Promotes kidney absorption of sodium
C)Promotes the breakdown of muscle proteins to amino acids
D)Can lead to an increase in blood glucose levels

Question 47

Which of the following are portions of the adrenal glands?

A)Anterior and posterior
B)Lateral and medial
C)Cortex and medulla
D)Dorsal and ventral

Question 48

Cortisol

A)reduces inflammation,pain,and swelling.
B)may be used to treat arthritis.
C)may suppress the immune system.
D)All apply.

Question 49

The adrenal medulla is under parasympathetic nervous system control.

Question 50

The action(s)of aldosterone is (are)to

A)promote renal reabsorption of water.
B)promote renal excretion of potassium.
C)promote renal reabsorption of sodium.
D)All apply.

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a target organ of parathyroid hormone?

A)Muscle
B)Bone
C)Intestines
D)Kidneys

Question 52

ACTH

A)is produced by the anterior pituitary gland.
B)stimulates the adrenal cortex.
C)stimulates the adrenal medulla.
D)Both is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal cortex are correct.

Question 53

What chemical is secreted by the kidneys when blood sodium is low and (or)blood pressure is low?

A)Renin
B)Angiotensin
C)ACTH
D)Aldosterone

Question 54

How does PTH stimulate absorption of calcium from the intestines?

A)Increases peristalsis
B)Activates calcitrol
C)Activates osteoclasts
D)Stimulates intestinal enzymes

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone?

A)Release of calcium from bones
B)Increased reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys
C)Increased blood phosphate levels
D)Activation of vitamin D for increased intestinal absorption of calcium

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a result of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?

A)Blood pressure increases due to constriction of arterioles.
B)Blood pressure increases due to reabsorption of sodium and therefore water into the blood.
C)Blood pressure decreases due to dilation of arterioles.
D)Blood volume increases due to the effect of ADH.

Question 57

Parathyroid hormone is antagonistic to

A)thyroxine.
B)calcitonin.
C)thyroid-stimulating hormone.
D)aldosterone.

Question 58

Which of the following functions to regulate a short-term response to stress?

A)Epinephrine
B)Glucocorticoids
C)Mineralocorticoids
D)All apply.

Question 59

The most important mineralocorticoid is

A)cortisol.
B)epinephrine.
C)aldosterone.
D)norepinephrine.

Question 60

Which portion of the adrenal gland may be associated with the sympathetic nervous system?

A)Medulla
B)Cortex
C)Medulla and cortex

Question 61

What condition occurs due to hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones?

A)Cushing syndrome
B)Diabetes insipidus
C)Addison disease
D)Hashimoto's disease

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT a result of Cushing syndrome?

A)Bronzing of the skin
B)Fat deposited in the trunk
C)Moon-shaped face
D)Hypertension

Question 63

What is the stimulus for the release of glucagon?

A)Decreasing blood glucose levels
B)Decreasing blood sodium levels
C)Increasing blood glucose levels
D)Increasing blood calcium levels

Question 64

What is the stimulus for the release of insulin?

A)Decreasing blood glucose levels
B)Decreasing blood sodium levels
C)Increasing blood glucose levels
D)Increasing blood calcium levels

Question 65

Insulin results in

A)most cells taking up glucose.
B)fat cells breaking down fat.
C)converting glycogen to glucose.
D)increasing glucose levels of the blood.

Question 66

The pancreatic islets produce

A)produce insulin.
B)produce glucagon.
C)produce digestive enzymes.
D)produce both insulin and glucagon.

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of Addisons disease?

A)Retention of sodium and water leading to high blood pressure
B)Excessive,but ineffective ACTH
C)Bronzing of the skin
D)Loss of sodium and water leading to low blood pressure

Question 68

Which of these best describes a negative feedback control mechanism?

A)High blood glucose causes pancreatic secretion of insulin.
B)Insulin causes the liver to store glucose as glycogen.
C)Low blood glucose inhibits pancreatic secretion of insulin.
D)When the pancreas is not secreting insulin,it is secreting glucagon.

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT a long-term complication of diabetes mellitus?

A)Blindness
B)Kidney and heart disease
C)Atherosclerosis
D)Loss of hearing

Question 70

What stimulus will cause the secretion of ANH (atrial natriuretic hormone)?

A)Increased blood volume in the atria of the heart
B)Increased blood volume in the kidneys
C)Decreased blood sodium levels
D)None apply.

Question 71

What are the target tissues for glucagon?

A)Pancreas and liver
B)Skeletal muscle and liver
C)Liver and kidneys
D)Adipose tissue and liver

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT true about the pancreas?

A)Exocrine tissue produces digestive enzymes.
B)Endocrine tissue produces hormones.
C)Exocrine tissue is called the pancreatic islets.
D)The hormones released maintain glucose homeostasis.

Question 73

What hormone is antagonistic to the actions of aldosterone?

A)Cortisol
B)Atrial natriuretic hormone
C)ACTH
D)Epinephrine

Question 74

What condition occurs due to hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones?

A)Cushing syndrome
B)Diabetes insipidus
C)Addison disease
D)Hashimoto's disease

Question 75

Aldosterone will cause _______ of sodium,while ANH will cause ____ of sodium.

A)excretion;reabsorption
B)reabsorption;excretion

Question 76

Which promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen?

A)Glucagon
B)Insulin
C)Glucagon and insulin

Question 77

Which of the following symptoms of diabetes mellitus is NOT correctly matched with its term?

A)Polydipsia - extreme hunger
B)Polyuria - excessive urination
C)Ketonuria - ketones in the urine
D)Glycosuria - glucose in the urine

Question 78

Type I diabetes mellitus

A)is due to lack of glucagon.
B)results in sugar in the urine.
C)is more common than type II diabetes.
D)All apply.

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT a short-term stress response?

A)Heartbeat and blood pressure increase
B)Blood glucose levels increase
C)Muscles are energized
D)Reduction of inflammation

Question 80

Atrial natriuretic hormone

A)is produced by the adrenal glands.
B)is secreted when blood volume is too high.
C)stimulates aldosterone secretion.
D)All apply.