Deck 8: The Nervous System

Question 1

Visceral sensory signals could be travelling from the

A)knee.
B)rectus abdominis.
C)small intestine.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system carries motor fibers.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The interpretation of olfactory receptor information would fall under which general function of the nervous system?

A)Sensory input
B)Motor output
C)Integration

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A flash of light causes the eyes to send signals to the brain.A loud noise causes the ears to send signals to the brain.The brain receives these signals and "decides" to send signals to the legs to make the person run from this event.The decision to send signals to the legs is part of which nervous system function?

A)Sensory input
B)Integration
C)Motor output

Question 5

Which effectors of the PNS are served by somatic motor nerves?

A)Cardiac muscle
B)Glands
C)Smooth muscle
D)Skeletal muscle

Question 6

Which of the following incorrectly lists the neuron part with its function?

A)Axon - sends signals to other cells
B)Cell body - stores the nucleus
C)Dendrite - stores most of the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

Within the central nervous system,the myelin sheath is produced from

A)Schwann cells.
B)neurolemmocytes.
C)oligodendrocytes.
D)All apply.

Question 8

The central nervous system includes the

A)spinal nerves.
B)brain.
C)cranial nerves.
D)sensory receptors.

Question 9

The release of saliva when thinking of food is part of which nervous system function?

A)Sensory input
B)Integration
C)Motor output

Question 10

Which part of a neuron carries impulse away from the cell body?

A)Axon
B)Dendrite
C)Nucleus
D)Neuroglia

Question 11

Motor signals are sent by the brain to effectors.Which is an example of an effector?

A)The hypothalamus
B)Smooth muscles in the walls of blood vessels
C)Merkel cells,touch receptors in the epidermis
D)Photoreceptors,light sensors in the eyes

Question 12

The spinal cord is part of the ___________,while the cranial nerves are part of the ___________.

A)CNS;PNS
B)PNS;CNS

Question 13

The motor division is also called the ______ system;the sensory division is also called the ______ system.

A)efferent;afferent
B)afferent;efferent

Question 14

Which cell type sends electrical signals?

A)Neuron
B)Neuroglial cell
C)Neurons and neuroglial cells

Question 15

A sensory neuron carries impulses

A)to muscles and glands.
B)to the CNS.
C)always within the CNS.

Question 16

What are nodes of Ranvier?

A)Myelin sheaths around the axon
B)A long process that carries electric signals in a neuron
C)Gaps on axons in between myelin sheaths
D)Dark-staining rough endoplasmic reticulum in neurons

Question 17

A bundle of parallel axons in the CNS is called a ______;while in the PNS it is called a _______.

A)nerve;tract
B)dendrite;axon
C)tract;nerve
D)nucleus;ganglion

Question 18

Within the peripheral nervous system,the myelin sheath is formed by

A)Schwann cells.
B)oligodendrocytes.
C)microglial cells.
D)astrocytes.

Question 19

Which of the following contains the nucleus?

A)Axon
B)Dendrite
C)Cell body
D)None apply.

Question 20

An interneuron carries impulses

A)to muscles and glands.
B)to the CNS.
C)always within the CNS.
D)always within the PNS.

Question 21

A very strong stimulus produces a larger action potential.

Question 22

What system keeps the neuron at resting potential?

A)Osmosis
B)Pinocytosis
C)Sodium-potassium pump
D)Facilitated diffusion

Question 23

An action potential begins with a

A)stimulus.
B)depolarization.
C)repolarization.
D)refractory period.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT true of the resting membrane potential?

A)Potassium ions are concentrated inside the cell.
B)Sodium ions are concentrated outside the cell.
C)The membrane is freely permeable to sodium ions.
D)Large,negatively charged proteins are inside the cell.

Question 25

During an action potential,the membrane potential depolarizes all the way up to ______ mV.

A)0
B)-35
C)+35
D)-70

Question 26

A stimulus will open ion channels that will allow ________ to flow into the neuron,causing the inside to become______________ charged.

A)sodium;negatively
B)sodium;positively
C)potassium;negatively
D)potassium;positively

Question 27

The resting potential of a neuron is measured at

A)+70 millivolts.
B)+1.5 volts.
C)- 45 millivolts.
D)- 70 millivolts.

Question 28

During depolarization

A)many potassium ions move outside the neuron.
B)sodium ions move inside the neuron.
C)electrons stream along the axon.
D)calcium ions move inside the neuron.

Question 29

What is the structural classification of interneurons?

A)Unipolar
B)Multipolar
C)Bipolar

Question 30

How is the intensity of a stimulus coded in the conduction of an action potential?

A)A larger voltage change occurs during an action potential from a larger stimulus.
B)The speed of the action potential increases after a larger stimulus.
C)Action potential frequency increases after a larger stimulus.
D)More sodium ions enter the axon after a larger stimulus.

Question 31

What ion is found on the outside of the neuron membrane that mostly contributes to a positive resting potential there?

A)Calcium
B)Potassium
C)Sodium
D)Chloride

Question 32

An interneuron is also known as an association neuron.

Question 33

When a neuron is at rest,there is more _____ on the inside of the cell than on the outside,and more ______ on the outside than on the inside.

A)potassium;sodium
B)sodium;potassium

Question 34

During repolarization

A)chloride ions move outside the neuron.
B)sodium ions move inside the neuron.
C)potassium ions move outside the neuron.
D)electrons stop moving along the axon.

Question 35

What is the structural classification of a motor neuron?

A)Unipolar
B)Multipolar
C)Bipolar

Question 36

What does the action potential consist of?

A)Depolarization
B)Repolarization
C)Resting potential
D)Depolarization and repolarization

Question 37

What is the structural classification of a sensory neuron?

A)Unipolar
B)Multipolar
C)Bipolar

Question 38

In order for an action potential to occur,a certain membrane potential called the ______ must be reached.

A)sodium-potassium pump
B)depolarization
C)hyperpolarization
D)threshold

Question 39

A motor neuron carries impulses

A)to muscles and glands.
B)to the CNS.
C)always within the CNS.

Question 40

When a nerve is at its resting potential,the inside charge is

A)negative.
B)positive.
C)neutral.

Question 41

Small signals in a synapse that don't reach threshold,but can add together are called

A)receptor potentials.
B)action potentials.
C)resting potentials.
D)graded potentials.

Question 42

The "jumping" of an action potential from one node of Ranvier to the next node is called

A)point to point conduction.
B)refractory conduction.
C)saltatory conduction.
D)summary conduction.

Question 43

The small gap between two successive neurons is called the

A)synaptic cleft.
B)axon terminal.
C)dendrite terminal.
D)neurotransmitter.

Question 44

Which prevents an action potential from moving backward along the axon? In other words,why do action potentials move in one direction only,down the axon away from the cell body?

A)Myelin sheaths prevent the action potential from moving backward.
B)The refractory period prevents the action potential from moving backward.
C)In some axons,action potentials do move backward.

Question 45

What is the role of acetylcholinesterase at a synapse?

A)It stimulates the post-synaptic neuron.
B)It breaks down acetylcholine.
C)It releases calcium ions.
D)All apply.

Question 46

What flows across the synaptic cleft?

A)Sodium ions
B)Electrons
C)A neurotransmitter
D)Potassium ions

Question 47

The entrance of _______ into the presynaptic neuron triggers the release of a neurotransmitter.

A)sodium ions
B)potassium ions
C)electrons
D)calcium ions

Question 48

On which type of neuron does saltatory conduction occur?

A)Nonmyelinated neurons only
B)Myelinated neurons only
C)Both nonmyelinated and myelinated neurons

Question 49

What type of axon will experience the fastest conduction of an action potential?

A)A myelinated,thin axon
B)A myelinated,thick axon
C)A nonmyelinated,thin axon
D)A nonmyelinated,thick axon

Question 50

Grey matter is composed mostly of

A)tracts.
B)myelinated axons.
C)cell bodies and dendrites.

Question 51

An inhibitory neurotransmitter will cause

A)sodium gates to open into the cell.
B)potassium gates to open out of the cell.
C)sodium and chloride gates to open into the cell.
D)chloride gates to open out of the cell.

Question 52

The time between action potentials when a neuron is unable to respond to a stimulus is called the

A)resting potential.
B)refractory period.
C)saltatory period.
D)depolarization period.

Question 53

The process of nerve signal conduction is termed an action potential.

Question 54

Which disease is due,in part,to reduced amounts of acetylcholine in the brain?

A)Parkinsons disease
B)Huntingtons disease
C)Alzheimers disease
D)All apply.

Question 55

Neurotransmitters that open sodium-regulated gates are considered to be excitatory.

Question 56

Through which process is neurotransmitter released from the presynaptic neuron?

A)Endocytosis
B)Exocytosis
C)Pinocytosis
D)Osmosis

Question 57

In which direction does the transmission of an impulse cross a synapse?

A)Dendrite to axon
B)Axon to dendrite
C)Either way
D)Both ways

Question 58

The receptors for neurotransmitters on the post-synaptic neuron membrane are of what type?

A)Ligand-regulated gates
B)Voltage-regulated gates
C)Synaptic-regulated gates
D)Threshold-regulated gates

Question 59

The summing up of excitatory and inhibitory signals received by a neuron is called

A)summation.
B)potentiation.
C)integration.
D)transmission.

Question 60

Which of the following are features of Alzheimer disease?

A)Neurofibrillary tangles around cell bodies of neurons
B)Buildup of amyloid plaques around axon branches
C)Reduced amounts of acetylcholine
D)All apply.

Question 61

What separates the hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A)Lateral fissure
B)Longitudinal fissure
C)Corpus callosum
D)Central sulcus

Question 62

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the

A)dura mater.
B)pia mater.
C)ventricles.
D)choroid plexus.

Question 63

The ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord are part of the

A)white matter.
B)gray matter.
C)both gray matter and white matter.

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the cerebrum?

A)Occipital lobe
B)Frontal lobe
C)Temporal lobe
D)Sphenoid lobe

Question 65

Which of the following is the correct layering of the meninges from superficial to deep?

A)Dura mater,pia mater,arachnoid mater
B)Pia mater,dura mater,arachnoid mater
C)Dura mater,arachnoid mater,pia mater
D)Arachnoid mater,dura mater,pia mater

Question 66

The posterior root of a spinal nerve contains ________fibers,while the anterior root contains ______ fibers.

A)sensory;motor
B)sensory;association
C)motor;sensory
D)motor;association

Question 67

The spinal cord begins at the ________ and ends at the ________.

A)foramen magnum;sacrum
B)foramen magnum;first lumbar vertebrae
C)fifth cervical vertebrae;coccyx
D)second cervical vertebrae;first lumbar vertebrae

Question 68

The tough outer meninx is the

A)dura mater.
B)arachnoid mater.
C)pia mater.

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT a location where cerebrospinal fluid is found?

A)Subdural space
B)Brain ventricles
C)Central canal of the spinal cord
D)Subarachnoid space

Question 70

What do the ventricles of the brain contain?

A)Meninges
B)Dura mater
C)Cerebrospinal fluid
D)Meninges and dura mater

Question 71

Which type of neuron is involved in a reflex arc?

A)Sensory
B)Motor
C)Interneuron
D)All apply.

Question 72

The right side of the brain controls the ______ side of the body.The left side of the brain controls the ______ side of the body.

A)left;right
B)right;left

Question 73

The dural venous sinuses are found between

A)the dura and pia maters.
B)layers of the dura mater.
C)the arachnoid and pia maters.
D)layers of the pia mater.

Question 74

A shallow groove on the surface of the cerebral cortex is called a

A)gyrus.
B)sulcus.
C)ventricle.
D)lobe.

Question 75

The protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord are the

A)ventricles.
B)meninges.
C)serous membranes.
D)arbor vitae.

Question 76

The lateral ventricles are located in the

A)cerebrum.
B)medulla oblongata.
C)thalamus.
D)cerebellum.

Question 77

What white matter structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

A)Longitudinal fissure
B)Lateral ventricles
C)Corpus callosum
D)Diencephalons

Question 78

The space between the arachnoid and pia maters that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid is the

A)dural venous sinus.
B)subdural space.
C)subarachnoid space.
D)epidural space.

Question 79

What protects the spinal cord?

A)Vertebrae
B)Meninges
C)Cerebrospinal fluid
D)All apply.

Question 80

Which ventricle is located in the brainstem?

A)Lateral
B)Third
C)Fourth
D)Second