Deck 10: Motivating and Rewarding Employees

Question 1

Describe the three key elements of motivation.

Answer 1

persistence dimension.We want employees to persist in putting forth effort to achieve those goals.

Question 2

Most US employees are excited about their jobs.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Motivation is not a personality trait.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

According to Maslow,a person stranded on a desert island would ________ before she worried about making weapons.

A)start a family
B)look for other people
C)look for food
D)establish her status on the island

Question 5

A manager with a Theory Y view of human nature would be likely ________.

A)to assign no responsibilities to his workers
B)to monitor his workers closely
C)to not seek input from his workers in decision making
D)to find challenging tasks for his workers

Question 6

According to Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory,________ is/are associated with job satisfaction.

A)motivators
B)need for power
C)need for achievement
D)hygiene factors

Question 7

Motivation is NOT ________.

A)something that requires a direction
B)a process that leads to achieving a goal
C)a permanent personal trait
D)something that varies from situation to situation

Question 8

Maslow's theory is a hierarchy because ________.

A)needs and wants are completely different
B)needs are satisfied one after another
C)only some needs are important
D)all needs are equal

Question 9

________ assumes that employees have little ambition,dislike work and avoid responsibility.

A)Theory Y
B)Expectancy theory
C)Need for affiliation theory
D)Theory X

Question 10

The three key elements in the definition of motivation are energy,direction and persistence.

Question 11

According to Herzberg,hygiene factors ________.

A)control dissatisfaction but not satisfaction
B)control motivation and satisfaction
C)control motivation but not satisfaction
D)help people avoid infections

Question 12

Maslow argued that once a need is substantially satisfied,________.

A)it becomes a higher-order need
B)individuals no longer require that need
C)that need continues to be the primary motivation of an individual
D)the next need becomes dominant

Question 13

Motivation is a process that leads to achieving a goal.

Question 14

A single individual cannot have high motivation for one task and low motivation for another task.

Question 15

According to Herzberg,favourable hygiene factors can cause an employee to feel ________.

A)not dissatisfied
B)satisfied
C)indifferent
D)dissatisfied

Question 16

The key to motivation,according to Maslow,is to identify ________.

A)a person's level in the needs hierarchy
B)a person's wants first then identify their needs
C)lower order needs first
D)a person's most important level in the needs hierarchy

Question 17

Self-actualisation most closely corresponds to ________.

A)achieving a high status
B)feeling aware of one's strengths
C)living up to one's potential
D)feeling good about yourself

Question 18

Which of the following holds that intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction,and extrinsic factors are related to job dissatisfaction?

A)Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
B)McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y.
C)Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory.
D)Vroom's expectancy theory.

Question 19

The direction of an individual's motivation can be channelled to benefit ________.

A)an individual's family only
B)both individuals and/or organisations
C)only an individual
D)only an organisation

Question 20

All of the following describe a Theory X worker,EXCEPT ________.

A)just want to collect their pay
B)love their job more than the money they make
C)avoid responsibility for their actions
D)avoid work unless rewards are high

Question 21

In a short essay,list and discuss how Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory works.

Question 22

In Maslow's system,a person takes care of social needs before worrying about personal safety.

Question 23

Maslow contends that lower-order needs are satisfied internally and higher-order needs are satisfied externally.

Question 24

Surprisingly,most successful managers do NOT have this.

A)High nAch.
B)High nPow.
C)High IQ.
D)High emotional intelligence.

Question 25

In Herzberg's view,removing a factor of dissatisfaction makes a person more satisfied with his or her job.

Question 26

Zach has the desire to develop and use his own abilities and potential to the maximum,an example of the ________ need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

A)social
B)self-actualisation
C)safety
D)esteem

Question 27

In Herzberg's view,removing a hygiene factor makes a person less dissatisfied with his or her job.

Question 28

Susan's use of better working conditions and employee relations is likely to ________.

A)decrease employee dissatisfaction and increase satisfaction
B)decrease employee satisfaction
C)increase employee satisfaction
D)decrease employee dissatisfaction

Question 29

McClelland thinks that having a high nAch guarantees that a person will be a good manager.

Question 30

Which of the following suggests that humans have an innate desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships?

A)Need for affiliation.
B)Need for social acceptance.
C)Need for power.
D)Need for achievement.

Question 31

The best way to motivate most people is to adopt a Theory X view of life.

Question 32

Zach was using which type of Herzberg factors to increase productivity levels?

A)Esteem.
B)Motivators.
C)Social.
D)Hygiene.

Question 33

Which of the following is TRUE of the three early theories of motivation?

A)Only McGregor focuses on human nature.
B)Both McGregor and Herzberg focus on human nature.
C)Maslow focuses on job satisfaction.
D)McGregor focuses on the needs of the individual.

Question 34

Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that all needs are sought after to an equal degree at all times.

Question 35

Which of the following was directly influenced by Herzberg's two-factor theory?

A)Expectancy theory.
B)McClelland's three-needs theory.
C)The job characteristics model.
D)Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Question 36

Successful managers tend to be better at ________.

A)assigning easy goals for themselves rather than their subordinates
B)prioritising their own goals over goals of others
C)accomplishing goals rather than identifying goals
D)helping others achieve goals rather than achieving goals themselves

Question 37

Maslow's empirical studies provided substantial proof of the validity of his hierarchical model.

Question 38

In Maslow's view,the key to understanding motivation is to understand where in the hierarchy of needs a person is located.

Question 39

Managers with a Theory Y view of life think people need to be given the freedom to make their own choices.

Question 40

Zach is what type of manager?

A)Autocratic.
B)Theory Y-oriented.
C)Dictatorial.
D)Theory X-oriented.

Question 41

In equity theory,an under-rewarded individual is likely to ________.

A)have just the right motivation to get the job done
B)lack motivation because she does not receive enough reward for what she does
C)have high motivation due to high self-esteem
D)have high motivation to show her value to the organisation

Question 42

The JCM contends that these dimensions are required for a high level of motivation among workers.

A)Autonomy,feedback,good management.
B)Meaningful work,autonomy,independence.
C)Meaningful work,autonomy,feedback.
D)High pay,autonomy,feedback.

Question 43

Equity exists when one's own outcomes-to-input ratio ________ that of the referent.

A)is equal to
B)is greater than or less than
C)is less than
D)is greater than

Question 44

Under-rewarded inequity exists when one's own outcomes-to-input ratio ________ that of the referent.

A)is less than
B)is equal to
C)is greater than or equal to
D)is greater than

Question 45

A theory that suggests that employees compare their inputs and outputs from a job to the ratio of relevant others is known as ________.

A)equity theory
B)action motivation
C)goal setting
D)reinforcement theory

Question 46

The second variable in expectancy theory requires the worker to ask him or herself: If I perform at a given level,how likely is it that I will ________?

A)be promoted to a higher position in the company
B)be noticed by my superiors
C)attain the reward or outcome I am looking for
D)keep my job

Question 47

Equity theory recognises that individuals are concerned with ________.

A)comparing their rewards to those of others
B)employers sharing profits
C)making enough money to live on
D)justice for all people who work

Question 48

What are the assumptions of Theory Y?

Question 49

The key to expectancy theory is that an individual's goals ________.

A)are not too high
B)match the goals of fellow workers and superiors
C)match the rewards provided by the organisation
D)are not too high and not too low

Question 50

In the JCM,motivation and satisfaction increase when which of the following is TRUE?

A)The employee feels rewarded.
B)The employee cares about the task.
C)The employee feels good about herself.
D)The employee feels like she belongs.

Question 51

Which is the best summary of goal-setting theory?

A)The more challenging the goals the happier employees will be.
B)Always make your goals a bit higher than you can reach.
C)Specific goals increase performance.
D)Having a goal will always lead to improved performance.

Question 52

Equity theory compares your own outcomes-to-input ratio to that of ________.

A)your boss
B)the input-to-output ratio of an idealised worker
C)the input-to-output ratio of another worker
D)a referent

Question 53

Goal-setting tends to do well in ________,where its basic ideas align well with general cultural values.

A)the Middle East
B)Australia
C)South America
D)India and China

Question 54

The JCM contends that meaningful work is ________.

A)considered unimportant to managers
B)high paying
C)always difficult
D)considered important and valuable by the worker

Question 55

In equity theory,distributive justice is concerned with which of the following?

A)Comparing one individual to an entire system.
B)Comparing the allocation of outcomes among individuals.
C)Comparing output-to-input ratios among large groups.
D)Comparing fairness between different cultures.

Question 56

In a short essay,list and discuss the three-needs theory according to David McClelland.Then identify which of these needs has been studied most extensively and discuss the findings of this research.

Question 57

How does Herzberg recommend staff should be motivated?

Question 58

In expectancy theory,a person may have the ability to reach a certain goal,but lack motivation because ________.

A)the goal is too easy
B)the goal is too hard
C)the person has no strong desire to reach the goal
D)the person's desire to reach the goal is too strong

Question 59

In equity theory,a worker's 'self' category compares a person's outcomes-to-input ratio with ________.

A)the person's own standards and expectations
B)the lowest paid worker
C)the standards and expectations of other workers
D)the highest paid worker

Question 60

In goal-setting theory,which of the following is the best kind of feedback?

A)Feedback from a panel of experts.
B)Feedback from a peer.
C)Self-feedback.
D)Feedback from a superior.

Question 61

In the integrated model for motivation,high achievers circumvent the entire sequence of steps for motivation because ________.

A)they are motivated by the organisation's assessment of their performance
B)they are internally motivated,not motivated by rewards
C)their only goal is domination
D)they are motivated by rewards only,not by internal factors

Question 62

Equity theory has three referent categories to which workers compare themselves: persons,systems and self.

Question 63

What are the three variables of expectancy theory?

Question 64

Across cultures,the need for achievement seems to correlate with which of the following?

A)Acceptance of risk.
B)Need for money.
C)Little acceptance of risk.
D)Need for security.

Question 65

Workers in formerly socialist countries tend to differ from Western workers with respect to equity theory in that they expect ________.

A)inputs and outcomes to be equal
B)outcomes to be greater than inputs
C)nothing from the state
D)inputs to be greater than outcomes

Question 66

The JCM is seen in the integrated model of motivation in that jobs that are designed around the five JCM dimensions ________.

A)decrease motivation because the work is too easy to complete and the autonomy lacks structure
B)increase motivation by applying pressure to employees
C)decrease motivation by giving the employee too much autonomy
D)increase motivation because the worker enjoys the work itself and the autonomy it provides

Question 67

Katie has just been asked to type up a report in two days using a software program she has never seen before.Katie wonders if she will be able to get her project accomplished on time and in the format wanted by her manager.This is an example of which variable in Vroom's expectancy theory?

A)Effort-performance linkage.
B)Valence-reward linkage.
C)Performance-reward linkage.
D)Attractiveness.

Question 68

What is a potential disadvantage of telecommuting?

A)Satisfaction does not increase when telecommuting time increases.
B)Casual dress.
C)Lack of time for tending to personal or family needs.
D)Less time spent commuting.

Question 69

Equity theory holds that employees who feel underpaid will decrease their level of effort and performance in response to feelings of inequity.

Question 70

The integrated model for motivation features the following basic sequence.

A)Effort → performance → rewards → individual goals.
B)Needs → factors → extrinsic factors → individual goals.
C)Effort → equity → goals → needs.
D)Needs → goals → individual effort → organisational goals.

Question 71

In the JCM,autonomy and feedback are core dimensions for a job.

Question 72

In today's diverse workforce,which factor do managers need to focus on most to maximise motivation?

A)Status and recognition.
B)Effective career development plans.
C)Remuneration and fringe benefits.
D)Flexibility.

Question 73

In a short essay,describe and discuss the job characteristics model.

Question 74

Goal-setting theory states that having specific goals improves performance.

Question 75

To increase the motivation through enrichment,Acme decides to increase the meaningfulness of the work.This might be done by ________.

A)giving workers more feedback
B)giving workers less feedback
C)decreasing autonomy of workers
D)increasing skill variety

Question 76

Goal-setting theory shows that feedback from a superior provides better motivation than self-generated feedback.

Question 77

Vroom's expectancy theory would say that a worker with a higher expectation of performance will definitely apply more effort to a job.

Question 78

Which of the following is thought to best motivate professionals?

A)Challenging problems and important work.
B)High pay.
C)Short hours and good working conditions.
D)Status and power within the organisation.

Question 79

According to expectancy theory,managers should give all workers the same rewards.

Question 80

In addition to these changes,Acme managers explained how important their product was to the world economy.Which core dimension in the job characteristics model is this?

A)Task significance.
B)Task identity.
C)Skill variety.
D)Autonomy.