Deck 7: Managing Change and Innovation

Question 1

Which of the following steps in the creativity process may take years before the idea finally 'gels' and the next step occurs?

A)Incubation.
B)Innovation.
C)Inspiration.
D)Perception.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a technology change within an organisation?

A)Workers wanting flexible hours.
B)Workers using new software.
C)Forming teams to complete tasks.
D)Workers wanting to telecommute.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Mechanistic organisations tend to inhibit innovation.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Inspiration marks the first step in the creative process.

Question 5

Which of the following is an organisational 'people change'?

A)Work methods that people use.
B)Job redesign.
C)Attitudes that people have.
D)Authority relationships between people.

Question 6

Managers who want creative and innovative employees should ________.

A)focus on ends rather than means
B)not place much emphasis on goals
C)stress that there is only one path to a goal
D)focus on means rather than ends

Question 7

An innovative organisation needs to tolerate risk because employees ________ the creative process.

A)making mistakes is not part of
B)being in physical danger is part of
C)making mistakes is part of
D)being in physical danger is not part of

Question 8

In a short essay,define and discuss creativity and innovation in the workplace.

Question 9

Which of the following is an organisational structure change?

A)Resentment of bosses by employees.
B)The building of a new workshop.
C)A pay increase for all staff.
D)Changing who reports to whom.

Question 10

The moment when all prior efforts in the innovative process successfully come together is known as ________.

A)innovation
B)perception
C)inspiration
D)incubation

Question 11

Define 'idea champions'.

Question 12

Creativity is the ability to make unusual and meaningful associations between ideas.

Question 13

Time pressure tends to increase innovation.

Question 14

________ actively support innovation and every step of the process that leads to innovative ideas.

A)Idea champions
B)Idea managers
C)Champion managers
D)All managers

Question 15

Using the systems model,managers can promote innovation by having the right ________.

A)mechanistic management structure
B)people and environment
C)outputs and resources
D)people and inputs

Question 16

Change can't be eliminated,so managers must learn to ________ successfully.

A)prevent it
B)work around it
C)manage it
D)fight it

Question 17

________ is the process of taking a creative idea and turning it into something useful.

A)Imagination
B)Inspiration
C)Creativity
D)Innovation

Question 18

Idea champions tend to be risk takers.

Question 19

________ variables are thought to promote innovation.

A)Structural,human resource and cultural
B)Structural,ambiguous and tolerant
C)Organic,cultural and tolerant
D)Cultural,ambiguous and tolerant

Question 20

In a short essay,discuss the three sets of variables that have been found to stimulate innovation.

Question 21

Which phenomenon in today's business climate has made the 'white-water rapids' metaphor popular?

A)Constant and chaotic change.
B)Reduced competition.
C)Corporations that are too powerful.
D)Organisations that resist change.

Question 22

A company's workers asking to be able to celebrate Chinese holidays is an example of ________ force for change.

A)an internal strategy
B)an employee attitude
C)an internal workforce composition
D)an external workforce composition

Question 23

In organisations,people who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing the change process are called ________.

A)senior managers
B)change managers
C)change agents
D)idea champions

Question 24

Labour strikes are an example of what change factor that may encourage a change in management thinking and practices?

A)Strategy.
B)Workforce composition.
C)Equipment.
D)Employee attitude.

Question 25

According to Lewin,which of the following is the purpose of refreezing?

A)To eliminate the need for future change.
B)To direct behaviour away from the status quo.
C)To stabilise the new situation.
D)To promote movement away from existing equilibrium.

Question 26

Outside consultants generally try to initiate ________ changes than internal managers.

A)less costly
B)more cautious
C)more drastic
D)fewer

Question 27

Change is seen as the status quo in ________.

A)Kurt Lewin's 'calm waters' metaphor
B)Kurt Lewin's unfreezing
C)Kurt Lewin's refreezing
D)Kurt Lewin's 'white-water rapids' metaphor

Question 28

According to Lewin,which of the following is the best way to unfreeze the status quo?

A)Increase restraining forces.
B)Decrease restraining forces and increase driving forces.
C)Decrease driving forces.
D)Increase restraining forces and increase driving forces.

Question 29

The 'white-water rapids' metaphor sees change as ________.

A)something that must be eliminated
B)an occasional occurrence
C)an unpleasant interruption of the normal calm
D)the natural state of things

Question 30

The Goods and Services Tax is an example of which of the following forms of environmental change?

A)Technology.
B)Internal.
C)Labour markets.
D)Government laws and regulations.

Question 31

Writing laws to reward industries for reducing carbon emissions in an effort to combat global climate change can be best described as an example of which of the following?

A)Implementing change.
B)Unfreezing the status quo.
C)Freezing a change into place.
D)Refreezing the status quo.

Question 32

In Lewin's 'calm waters' metaphor,the goal of introducing change is ________.

A)to establish a new equilibrium state
B)to change the current equilibrium state
C)to eliminate the equilibrium state
D)to reach a state of constant change

Question 33

Which of the following is an INTERNAL force that can cause a company to make an organisational change?

A)New safety requirements.
B)A new ad campaign.
C)Higher barriers of entry into the industry.
D)New tax laws.

Question 34

The final step in Lewin's three-step description of the change process is ________.

A)freezing the status quo
B)changing to a new state
C)freezing the new state
D)unfreezing the new state

Question 35

The 'calm waters' metaphor envisions an organisation as ________.

A)a small raft on a calm sea
B)a large ship on a calm sea
C)a large ship on a roiling sea
D)a small raft on a roiling sea

Question 36

Which of the following is an organisational technology change?

A)Employees accepting a new schedule.
B)Purchase of a new refinement system.
C)Widening of span of control.
D)Employees expecting a raise.

Question 37

The 'white-water rapids' metaphor envisions an organisation as ________.

A)a large ship on a roiling sea
B)a small raft on a calm river
C)a small raft on a raging river
D)a large ship on a calm sea

Question 38

To compete with rival company X,company Y changes its management structure.This is an example of ________.

A)an internal change causing another internal change
B)an internal change causing an external change
C)an external change causing an internal change
D)an external change causing another external change

Question 39

Lewin's 'calm waters' metaphor today is increasingly thought to be ________.

A)obsolete
B)an apt description of the current situation
C)a blueprint for the future
D)illogical

Question 40

Which of the following is an EXTERNAL force that would cause a company to make an organisational change?

A)An organisation-wide restructuring.
B)A weakening economy.
C)The naming of a new CEO.
D)A new operations system.

Question 41

The most popular OD efforts involve cooperation and these kinds of activities.

A)Individual interactions.
B)Group interactions.
C)Individual assessment.
D)Group assessment.

Question 42

Lewin's force field analysis identified ________ forces that compete when people try to achieve a goal.

A)magnetic
B)enormous
C)physical push-and-pull
D)driving and blocking

Question 43

Intergroup development is an OD method that focuses on ________.

A)increasing competition between work groups
B)increasing trust within a single work group
C)increasing competition within a single work group
D)increasing trust between work groups

Question 44

Organisational change can be any alteration in an organisation's people and technology only.

Question 45

Kurt Lewin originated some of his most important insights on change introduction by studying which of the following?

A)Family vacations during World War I.
B)Family food habits during World War II.
C)How football has blocking and driving forces.
D)Force fields in physics.

Question 46

The 'calm waters' metaphor imagines the organisation as a large ship crossing a calm sea.

Question 47

Today's economic climate can be compared to a university lecture that ________.

A)lasts exactly one hour
B)focuses on only one topic all semester
C)may last twenty minutes or three hours
D)focuses on several topics during the semester

Question 48

An example of changes in people would involve a manager widening her span of control.

Question 49

An aggressive new competitor in the marketplace is an external force that creates a need for organisational change that companies today frequently face.

Question 50

Kurt Lewin sees the first step in change as the unfreezing of the status quo.

Question 51

Labour markets are an external force that creates a need for organisational change.

Question 52

Organisation development can be viewed as an attempt to change an organisation's ________.

A)culture
B)status quo
C)financial goals
D)span of control

Question 53

An example of a change in structure is an organisation becoming more decentralised.

Question 54

Consultants are less likely to be change agents than internal managers.

Question 55

The primary goal of the OD method called team-building is to ________.

A)increase trust and openness
B)play games such as volleyball to build morale
C)identify troublemakers
D)increase efficiency

Question 56

Lewin's force field analysis might view a company ________ as a blocking force for change.

A)decreasing centralisation
B)becoming more mechanistic
C)rewarding innovation and creativity
D)becoming more organic

Question 57

In process consultation,________ observe and analyse an organisation to find ways to improve interpersonal processes.

A)top-level managers
B)outside consultants
C)company efficiency specialists
D)ordinary employees

Question 58

In an organisation,a manager,an internal staff specialist or an outside consultant who specialises in change implementation can be a change agent.

Question 59

Organisation development (OD)helps employees ________.

A)deal with unplanned change
B)avoid unpleasant change
C)deal with planned change
D)avoid all types of change

Question 60

The decision of an organisation to bring in new equipment from the outside is an example of an external force that creates a need for organisational change.

Question 61

In a short essay,describe the 'calm waters' view of organisational change.

Question 62

Give two examples of internal forces that create a need for change.

Question 63

Organisation development (OD)consists of efforts to help organisational members deal with unplanned changes.

Question 64

Define a change agent.

Question 65

What is a process consultation?

Question 66

In a short essay,list and explain four common organisation development (OD)techniques.

Question 67

In a short essay,discuss two external forces-the marketplace,and governmental laws and regulations- that bring about the need for change.

Question 68

Which kind of resistance to change is most likely to be beneficial to a company?

A)Uncertainty.
B)Fear of losing status or possessions.
C)Conflict with company goals.
D)Habit.

Question 69

In the 'white-water rapids' metaphor of change,managers should expect change at specific times only.

Question 70

Describe an organisational change in people.

Question 71

In a short essay,describe the 'white-water rapids' view of organisational change.

Question 72

Which of the following terms is used to describe people's perception of the world and its operations?

A)Mental efforts.
B)Mental graphs.
C)Mental maps.
D)Mental models.

Question 73

One important reason why organisation development (OD)efforts are needed is that even planned change can be very upsetting to members of an organisation.

Question 74

Describe an organisational change in structure.

Question 75

Which of the following is a common reason that people resist change?

A)Uncertainty.
B)Habit.
C)Concern over personal loss.
D)All of the above.

Question 76

In a short essay,discuss two external forces-fluctuations in labour markets and technological forces-that bring about the need for change.

Question 77

The number of managers who face 'white-water rapids' metaphor conditions is getting larger.

Question 78

Older workers tend to resist change more than younger workers because they ________.

A)have more invested in the current system
B)are more willing to quit their job if they don't like the change
C)have less to lose
D)have less confidence in themselves

Question 79

In a short essay,explain organisation development (OD).

Question 80

In a short essay,explain the three types of organisational change.