Deck 1: Themes and Issues in Adult Development and Aging

Question 1

Tertiary aging - choice The rapid loss of functioning that individuals may experience at the very end of their lives is known as _________ aging:

A)tertiary
B)primary
C)normal
D)accelerated

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Sociocultural example- choice Which of the following would be considered a "social" age-related factor in the biopsychosocial perspective?

A)Improving in wisdom.
B)Losing muscle strength.
C)Becoming a grandparent.
D)Increasing in conscientiousness.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Continuity of changes- stem According to the continuity principle of adult development and aging,the experiences you have as a young adult will play what role in your development?

A)Young people are able to make up for any damage they do their bodies when they get older.
B)The friends people have in their college years will most likely be the same ones they have later in life.
C)People retain their identities about as they get older,even though their appearance changes.
D)Older adults would prefer to be treated as "old" rather than as the people they were when younger.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Individuality- choice The idea that people become more different from each other as they grow older is known as the principle that:

A)changes are continuous.
B)aging is interdisciplinary.
C)individuality matters.
D)only the survivors grow old.

Question 5

Normal aging- stem Changes due to normal aging include which type of processes?

A)Abnormal and disease-related
B)Sudden and rapid
C)Preventative and compensatory
D)Universal and progressive

Question 6

Secondary aging example- choice Due to the process of ______ aging,an older adult may develop a disease such as skin cancer after years of exposure to the sun.

A)primary
B)tertiary
C)secondary
D)normal.

Question 7

Multidirectionality example- choice A 77-year-old man has loved to jog for his entire life,and he is still able to keep up a pretty good pace.However,he is suffering hearing loss which makes it difficult for him to enjoy the music he likes to play while out on his run.In addition,he's noticing that it's getting harder for him to see the street signs unless the sun is brightly shining.This man illustrates which principle of aging?

A)continuity
B)multidirectionality
C)survivor effects
D)tertiary aging

Question 8

Normal aging example- stem Which of the following would be considered an example of "normal" age-related psychological changes?

A)lowering of self-esteem
B)moderation of personal qualities
C)development of sleep problems
D)losing interest in hobbies

Question 9

Cigarette smoking- choice The Centers for Disease Control regards which of the following as one of the five most important "bad habits" that can reduce the quality and quantity of a person's life?

A)Cigarette smoking.
B)Eating too many fruits and vegetables.
C)Taking in too little alcohol.
D)Being underweight.

Question 10

Survivor behaviors Which of the following might account for the fact that the people who live to old age are the "survivors"?

A)They ate foods that are rich in dietary cholesterol.
B)Their families provided a strong support network.
C)They have lived a life in which they took high risks.
D)They avoided exercising or being too physically active.

Question 11

Implications of survivor principle How does the fact that older adults are survivors influence research on aging?

A)Researchers must adapt their test instruments to accommodate them.
B)Healthy older adults tend to be the exception rather than the rule.
C)Psychological studies have less validity than studies on biology of aging.
D)The available samples are positively selected on important characteristics.

Question 12

The survivors grow old- choice Because the _____________ are the individuals we study in later life,researchers caution that the findings may not be true for everyone born in a given period of time.

A)institutionalized
B)less able
C)young-old
D)survivors

Question 13

Secondary aging example- stem Which of the following is considered an example of secondary aging?

A)Developing diabetes at the age of 67.
B)Marrying for the third time at age 55.
C)Working part-time at the age of 72.
D)Moving to a retirement community at age 62.

Question 14

Subjective age Research on adaptation to aging suggests that the most important factor determining your health,happiness,and longevity may very well be your ______ age.

A)chronological
B)subjective
C)biological
D)sociological.

Question 15

Individual differences in hippocampus Researchers studying the volume of the hippocampus within the brain showed the importance of examining individual differences in aging by finding that:

A)most of the adults 70 and older had greater hippocampal volume than the younger adults.
B)the overall direction of hippocampal volume change was slightly positive starting at age 30.
C)at least some older adults studied had equal or higher brain volume than some young adults.
D)the greatest variation in hippocampal volume occurred among adults who were in their late 20s.

Question 16

Definition- choice The term __________ captures the concept that aging involves an interaction among processes such as physical changes,cognition,and social context:

A)biopsychosocial
B)physiocultural
C)multidirectional
D)transformational

Question 17

Multidirectionality- choice The idea there are differences within the individual in the rate of aging is referred to as:

A)interindividual variability.
B)multidirectionality.
C)personal aging.
D)nonnormative influences.

Question 18

Psychological- choice Changes over time in an individual's thoughts,feelings,and behaviors as they cope with the physical changes involved in aging fall into which domain of the biopsychosocial perspective toward aging?

A)Sociocultural
B)Biological
C)Gerontological
D)Psychological.

Question 19

Sociocultural example- stem The changes that individuals experience in income and residence when they retire and move out of the home where they spent their working lives would fall into the ____________ domain of the biopsychosocial model.

A)psychological
B)sociocultural
C)biological
D)cognitive

Question 20

Continuity of changes- choice The ________________ principle of adult development and aging proposes that changes build on themselves over life in a cumulative fashion.

A)selection
B)continuity
C)individuality
D)normative

Question 21

Number over 65- choice Census 2010 estimates that the number of people 65 plus and older in the U.S.is _____ million.

A)40.3
B)13.1
C)35.4
D)83.7.

Question 22

Age-sex structure Highly developed countries that have nearly equal birth and death rates have an age-sex structure that resembles which shape?

A)Trapezoid.
B)Circle.
C)Diamond.
D)Rectangle.

Question 23

Sex and gender influences Which of the following topics would be considered to provide evidence on the effect of sex in development?

A)Disparities in income.
B)Social role expectations.
C)Identification as a male or female.
D)Role of hormones in behavior.

Question 24

Greatest Generation- choice The term ____________ is used to refer to individuals who fought in World War II:

A)Greatest Generation
B)Baby Boom
C)Millennials
D)Gen Xers

Question 25

Life expectancy changes The increased population of adults 65 and older in the U.S.can be attributed specifically to the higher life _______ being achieved by current generations.

A)length
B)expectancy
C)growth
D)span

Question 26

Race categories in U.S.Census Which of the following categories would be considered an example of "race" as used in the 2010 U.S.Census?

A)Hispanic
B)American Indian
C)Asian American
D)Latino

Question 27

Supercentenarian- stem People now considered supercentenarians,such as Jeanne Louise Calment,live past the age of:

A)100.
B)90.
C)130.
D)110.

Question 28

Emerging adulthood- stem Individuals who are in the period of emerging adulthood are likely to show which qualities?

A)Early signs of the normal aging process.
B)Transition to responsible family and work roles.
C)Difficulties in interacting with older family members.
D)Psychological but not physiological maturity.

Question 29

Whitehall II focus The main focus of the large British study known as Whitehall II is on the role of ____________ as a factor in development.

A)historical change
B)racial disparities
C)social class
D)nationality

Question 30

Old-old- stem People referred to as "old-old" have which specific characteristic?

A)Prematurely gray and wrinkled
B)Between the ages of 75-84
C)Retire after the age of 65
D)Become grandparents in middle age

Question 31

Health expectancy definition- choice The number of years a person can expect to live with relatively little disability is known as:

A)life span projection
B)morbidity-free span
C)functional age
D)health expectancy

Question 32

Percent over 65- choice As of the latest estimates in 2010,the percentage of people in the United States population 65 years and older is:

A)3.1
B)13.0
C)36.7
D)40.2

Question 33

Oldest-old A centenarian falls technically into the category of which division of the older adult population?

A)young-old
B)oldest old
C)old-old
D)super-old

Question 34

Social age- stem A world-class tennis player decides to end her career and retire at the age of 24.Her _____ age would be approximately 65 years old.

A)psychological
B)biological
C)physiological
D)social

Question 35

Young-old A term in gerontology used to refer to people who are in the age group of 65-74 is:

A)oldest-old
B)middle-old
C)healthy-old
D)young-old

Question 36

Emerging adulthood example- choice Genevieve is 27 years old,finishing graduate school and living with her parents.As she makes her transition into adulthood,psychologists would consider her an example of someone in the age period called _______ adulthood:

A)emerging
B)young-old
C)psychological
D)normative

Question 37

Life expectancy value in 2010 What was the average life expectancy at birth in 2010?

A)89.3
B)78.7
C)47.8
D)84.1

Question 38

Psychological age The index of age that represents a person's functioning on measures such as intelligence,memory,and learning ability is called ___________ age.

A)Psychological
B)Social
C)Biological
D)Secondary

Question 39

Silent generation The parents of people in the Baby Boom generation are known as:

A)Gen B
B)Senior Boom
C)Silent Generation
D)Pioneer Cohort

Question 40

Life span definition- choice The term life ______ refers to the maximum number of years that a species lives,reflecting its genetic inheritance.

A)length/expectancy
B)span
C)limit
D)potential

Question 41

State percent Because the state of _______________ has such a high percentage of adults 65 and older,political candidates put heavy emphasis into making promises about Medicare and Social Security when they campaign there.

A)California
B)South Carolina
C)Florida
D)New Mexico

Question 42

Minority population changes U.S. Which racial/ethnic minority group in the U.S.is expected to show the largest decrease in the U.S.population between 2010 and 2050?

A)Asian alone
B)Non-hispanic Black
C)Non-hispanic White
D)Hispanic of any race

Question 43

World population in 2050 The number of people 65 and older projected to be alive around the world in 2050 is approximately:

A)106 million
B)2.3 billion
C)1.5 billion
D)670 million

Question 44

Gender proportions What percent of the total U.S.65 and older population is male?

A)31
B)56
C)42
D)39

Question 45

Developed vs.developing nations The least percentage growth in populations over the age of 65 will occur around the world in countries that are described as:

A)developed.
B)agrarian.
C)non-industrialized.
D)developing.

Question 46

Highest number in world The country with the highest number (not percent)of individuals 65 and older is:

A)China
B)Italy.
C)Sweden
D)United States.