Deck 9: Managing Staff and Service Volunteers

Question 1

This theory, reflected in management practices in most organizations, is based on the assumption that workers are lazy, resistant to change, and not concerned with the organization's needs.

A) Theory of relativity
B) Theory X
C) Theory Y
D) Maslow's theory

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A study conducted by the Corporation for National and Community Service found that between the years 1974 and 2006 participation in volunteer activities.

A) did not increase.
B) increased.
C) remained stagnant.
D) decreased.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

As Letts and colleagues observe, managers often face two challenges-getting the job done and:

A) disciplining the staff.
B) playing nursemaid to the staff.
C) keeping the staff satisfied.
D) trying to change individual staff members.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A makes a commitment to the volunteer activity and gains a sense of gratification and accomplishment from the work.

A) regular volunteer
B) spot volunteer
C) person who is pressured into volunteering
D) paid volunteer

Question 5

In general, are more likely to be volunteers than , and this is true across all age groups, educational levels, and other characteristics.

A) Americans; Europeans
B) Latinos; Caucasians
C) men; women
D) women; men

Question 6

state(s) that human needs progress from those at lower levels to those at higher levels as the lower level needs are met.

A) The Hawthorne experiments
B) Operant conditioning
C) Taylor's approach
D) Maslow's theory

Question 7

Speckbacher argues that combining financial incentives with social incentives creates a(an):

A) organizational contract.
B) market relationship.
C) stakeholder relationship.
D) legal relationship.

Question 8

The various life-stage theories have many critics, but the theories reflect a(n) consistent with the values of most nonprofit organizations.

A) melodramatic approach
B) humane approach
C) politically correct approach
D) businesslike approach

Question 9

Another name for the motivation factor that Herzberg named "hygiene factors" is:

A) motivators.
B) satisfiers.
C) dissatisfiers.
D) physical working conditions.

Question 10

It can be argued that nonprofits have an advantage over for-profit companies in:

A) providing competitive salaries.
B) motivating their workforces.
C) providing benefits to their workforces.
D) helping staff members climb the ranks within the organization.

Question 11

An organization that seeks to draw the strength that comes from bringing together people of different perspectives, experiences, cultures, and backgrounds embraces:

A) voluntarism.
B) hygiene factors.
C) operant conditioning.
D) diversity.

Question 12

Brian volunteered to work at a 3-day book fair that is held once every 3 years. What type of volunteer is Brian?

A) Regular volunteer.
B) Spot volunteer.
C) Person who is pressured into volunteering.
D) paid volunteer.

Question 13

Perhaps the best-known distinction made by this instrument is that between introverts and extroverts, although it measures personality in many additional dimensions.

A) Myers-Briggs-type indicator
B) MMPI
C) Hierarchy of needs
D) Herzberg's motivators

Question 14

In a 2004 study conducted by the Urban Institute, nonprofits had a paid professional position for management of volunteers.

A) 4 out of 5
B) 2 out of 5
C) 3 out of 5
D) 3 out of 10

Question 15

When an organization launches a program to recruit volunteers, having these helps communicate to volunteers that they are accepting a significant responsibility and that their assignment involves doing real work that is central to the program of the nonprofit.

A) Free snacks
B) Organization T-shirts
C) Copies of the mission statement
D) Formal job descriptions

Question 16

One influential management theorist of the early 20th century was Frederick W. Taylor, whose approach, developed in industrial settings, became known as:

A) expectancy theory.
B) volunteer management.
C) scientific management.
D) general management.

Question 17

This theory describes how individuals base their management styles on the need for power, relationships, and achievements.

A) Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
B) McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y
C) McClelland's Three Needs Theory
D) Erickson's Stages of Life Cycles.

Question 18

As Maslow and other theorists explain, people come to the workplace:

A) already motivated.
B) ready to be motivated.
C) resisting motivation.
D) oozing ambivalence.

Question 19

In planning for a volunteer program, nonprofits should assess the need for volunteers and develop volunteer:

A) job descriptions.
B) benefits packages.
C) office space.
D) lunch groups.

Question 20

Which theorist did not place an emphasis on human psychology?

A) Follett
B) McClelland c, Maslow
D) Taylor

Question 21

Roberta usually hires the first people who apply for a volunteer position. Roberta is practicing:

A) targeted recruitment.
B) marginal recruitment.
C) warm body recruitment.
D) discriminating recruitment.

Question 22

According to the Independent Sector, one hour of volunteer time contributed to a nonprofit organization in 2013 was worth:

A) $22.55.
B) $21.70.
C) $23.00.
D) $25.50.

Question 23

A nonprofit organization does not hire volunteers living at a nearby assisted living facility but does hire individuals living at a nearby senior living community. This nonprofit organization may be practicing:

A) affirmative action.
B) merit principles.
C) disparate impact.
D) a quota.

Question 24

Volunteers are best assigned to perform work:

A) that requires much supervision and attention.
B) work that doesn't need to be done daily.
C) work that requires the volunteer to be frequently onsite.
D) work that the staff is hired to perform.

Question 25

Margaret is a CEO of a nonprofit organization. She delegates authority and encourages the implementation of innovative ideas. Margaret is demonstrating a management style described in which management theory?

A) McGregor's theory Y
B) Scientific management theory
C) Herzberg's Dissatisifers
D) Erickson's life cycles

Question 26

The Myers-Briggs test provides individuals with insights about their own perspectives and preferences.

Question 27

Nonprofit organizations may be held liable for discrimination practices applied by outsource suppliers.

Question 28

Rita is a virtual volunteer for an anti-domestic violence organization. As a result, her supervisor does not need to include Rita as a recipient on e-mails sent to individuals who volunteer in-person.

Question 29

Marie has reached a high-level of confidence through her work at a nonprofit organization. However, she is losing this sense of confidence because she fears her organization may soon close. Marie's loss of motivation may be explained using:

A) scientific management theory.
B) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory.
C) McClelland's three needs theory.
D) Erikson's life stages theory.

Question 30

Forbes and Zampelli's research indicates that people who volunteer tend to:

A) be of the same ethnic group.
B) be atheists.
C) be members of social groups.
D) hold high social status.

Question 31

Research studies indicate that managers who want to maintain volunteers should provide them deadlines for completing their work.

Question 32

The mostly costly management function for a nonprofit organization is:

A) planning.
B) research and development.
C) marketing.
D) human resources management.

Question 33

Federal employment laws do not apply to nonprofit staff.

Question 34

Frederick Taylor's theory emphasizes procedures and systems with people operating more like machines.

Question 35

Maslow's hierarchy of needs shows that human needs can also progress from higher to lower levels of need.

Question 36

Generation Y individuals were influenced by the Cold War, Watergate, and the civil rights movement.

Question 37

Robert is an attorney who is providing an outside legal opinion to a nonprofit organization's board of directors who is preparing organizational regulations. What type of volunteer is Robert?

A) Expert volunteer
B) Marginal volunteer
C) Policy volunteer
D) Mandated volunteer

Question 38

One way to effectively manage volunteers is to be aware of what motivates them to volunteer.

Question 39

Bruce is a member of the baby boom generation but he realizes that he may have to adjust his management style when working with younger volunteers. Bruce is applying which best practice recommended by Denhardt?

A) Managers should participate in setting clear and challenging goals.
B) Managers should make the work satisfying.
C) Managers should be reflective and proactive about their own motivation.
D) Managers do not have to work with younger volunteers.

Question 40

The Hawthorne plant experiments indicated that worker performance was not influenced by the attention of supervisors.

Question 41

It is important for volunteer managers to first assess the need for volunteers and the structure for a volunteer program.

Question 42

Volunteers are often motivated to serve because they are hoping to get regular employment with the nonprofit organization.

Question 43

Explain why formal volunteer policies are important?

Question 44

It is only important to evaluate the performance of staff rather than the performance of volunteers.

Question 45

Good managers provide their staff members with opportunities to grow personally and professionally, to take on new challenges, and to develop new skills in a variety of areas. Explain how these things can be accomplished.

Question 46

Determine the various reasons people volunteer.

Question 47

A marginal volunteer is one who is strongly encouraged or even mandated to volunteer.

Question 48

Explain and provide examples of the three principal needs of managers, as identified by McClelland.

Question 49

Analyze and explain why many scholars have challenged Herzberg's findings regarding his factors of motivation? Are his findings supported by what is observed in nonprofit organizations?

Question 50

Study some sample volunteer job descriptions. Then create a prioritized list identifying what qualifications you believe are the most important for volunteers to have.

Question 51

Classify three types of volunteers and provide an example of a volunteer opportunity suited to each one.