Deck 2: Management Learning Past to Present

Question 1

Coordination refers to providing and mobilizing resources to implement the plan.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Formal rules and procedures are defining characteristics of Weber's bureaucratic organization.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A grocery store is getting complaints from customers that waiting times are too long for checkouts during certain times of the day.This problem can be solved by the queuing theory.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Argyris asserts that psychological success occurs when people define their own goals.

Question 5

A real estate developer wants to control costs and finish building a new apartment complex on time.This problem can be solved by inventory analysis.

Question 6

The Hawthorne effect is the tendency of persons singled out for special attention to perform as expected.

Question 7

According to the progression principle,a satisfied need does not motivate behavior.

Question 8

According to the deficit principle,a satisfied need is a motivator of behavior.

Question 9

Managers holding Theory Y assumptions approach their jobs believing that those who work for them generally dislike work,lack ambition,act irresponsibly,and prefer to be led rather than to lead.

Question 10

Henri Fayol believed that management could be taught.

Question 11

Physiological needs and safety needs are higher-order needs in Maslow's hierarchy of human needs.

Question 12

Argyris's theory of adult personality counters Fayol's concept of unity of direction.

Question 13

The disadvantage of administrative principles is that it includes excessive paperwork.

Question 14

Managers who hold Theory Y assumptions cannot create self-fulfilling prophecies.

Question 15

According to Elton Mayo,people would restrict their output in order to avoid the displeasure of the group,even if it meant sacrificing pay that could otherwise be earned by increasing output.

Question 16

The principles of scientific management were proposed by Frederick Taylor.

Question 17

Maslow's ideas point managers toward finding ways to link volunteer work with opportunities to satisfy higher-order needs like esteem and self-actualization.

Question 18

Time study is the science of reducing a task to its basic physical motions.

Question 19

After a series of scientific tests,Elton Mayo concluded that new "social setting" created for workers in the test room decreased the productivity of the employees.

Question 20

The behavioral approaches assume that people are social and self-actualizing,enjoying social relationships,responding to group pressures,and searching for personal fulfillment.

Question 21

A tight bureaucracy works best when the environment is relatively stable and operations are predictable and uncomplicated.

Question 22

Knowledge management involves making decisions based on hard facts about what really works.

Question 23

Goods and services are inputs in an open system.

Question 24

Which of the following is true of the scalar chain principle?

A)Each person should receive orders from only one boss.
B)One person should be in charge of all activities that have the same performance objective.
C)There should be a clear and unbroken line of communication from the top to the bottom in the organization.
D)Guidelines must be written and kept for historical record.
E)Workers should be selected and promoted on ability,competency,and performance.

Question 25

People and technology are outputs in an open system.

Question 26

A manager employs 5 workers to produce a total of 36 units of a product per day.He soon realizes that the workers are able to produce only 30 units a day.He then employs an additional worker to meet the set target.Which of the following duties of management is he performing while taking the corrective action?

A)Foresight
B)Organization
C)Command
D)Coordination
E)Control

Question 27

________ is to complete a plan of action for the future.

A)Foresight
B)Organization
C)Command
D)Coordination
E)Control

Question 28

The primary goal of scientific management is to:

A)make decisions based on hard facts about what really works.
B)use large data bases and mathematics to solve problems.
C)satisfy the physiological and psychological deficiencies of a person.
D)improve the productivity of people by careful selection and training.
E)make every employee an owner in the business.

Question 29

Which of the following led to advances in the areas of job simplification,work standards,and incentive wage plans?

A)Administrative principles
B)Theory of human needs
C)Theory X
D)Theory Y
E)Motion study

Question 30

Trade secret is an example of intellectual assets.

Question 31

Who is known as the father of scientific management?

A)Henri Fayol
B)Frederick Taylor
C)Max Weber
D)Douglas McGregor
E)Abraham Maslow

Question 32

________ is to make sure things happen according to plan and to take necessary corrective action.

A)Foresight
B)Organization
C)Command
D)Coordination
E)Control

Question 33

Pizza Cottage,a pizza delivery chain,assures delivery of pizza within half-an-hour of the placement of order.It employs various methods like specialization of work,motion study,and analysis of routes to make sure that the order reaches the customer in half-an-hour.Which of the following management techniques is Pizza Cottage most likely using?

A)Maslow's theory of human needs
B)Bureaucratic organization
C)Scientific management
D)Hawthorne studies
E)Theory X and Theory Y

Question 34

In a fresh juice manufacturing plant,the production team manufactures 2000 bottles of juice per day,while the sales team sells only 1700 bottles per day.Since the product is perishable,the extra output incurs losses to the company.Hence,the manager intervenes and sets a common standard for both the teams.Which of the following management duties is the manager performing?

A)Control
B)Foresight
C)Coordination
D)Organization
E)Command

Question 35

________ emphasizes careful selection and training of workers and supervisory support.

A)Bureaucratic organization
B)Theory X
C)Theory Y
D)Scientific management
E)Administrative principles

Question 36

Which of the following best defines organization?

A)To complete a plan of action for the future
B)To provide and mobilize resources to implement the plan
C)To lead,select,and evaluate workers to get the best work toward the plan
D)To fit diverse efforts together and to ensure information is shared and problems solved
E)To make sure things happen according to plan and to take necessary corrective action

Question 37

Which of the following assumes that people at work rationally consider opportunities made available to them and do whatever is necessary to achieve the greatest personal and monetary gain?

A)Classical management approach
B)Theory X
C)Theory of human needs
D)Behavioral management approach
E)Modern management approach

Question 38

________ is to lead,select,and evaluate workers to get the best work toward the plan.

A)Foresight
B)Organization
C)Command
D)Coordination
E)Control

Question 39

The manager of a company fits diverse efforts together.He ensures that information is shared and problems are solved.Which of the following management functions is he performing?

A)Foresight
B)Organization
C)Command
D)Coordination
E)Control

Question 40

Which of the following is a classical management approach?

A)Theory X
B)Theory Y
C)Human needs theory
D)Hawthorne studies
E)Administrative principles

Question 41

The deficit principle states that:

A)a need is activated only when the next-lower-level need is satisfied.
B)people dislike work,lack ambition,act irresponsibly,and prefer to be led.
C)people are willing to work,like responsibility,and are self-directed and creative.
D)people at work rationally consider opportunities made available to them and do whatever is necessary to achieve the greatest personal and monetary gain.
E)a satisfied need is not a motivator of behavior.

Question 42

Which of the following theories proposes that groups can have strong negative,as well as positive,influences on individual productivity?

A)Scientific management theory
B)Bureaucratic organization
C)Theory X and Theory Y
D)Hawthorne studies
E)Administrative principles

Question 43

Which of the following is true of the unity of direction principle?

A)One person should be in charge of all activities that have the same performance objective.
B)Guidelines must be written and kept for historical record.
C)Each person should receive orders from only one boss.
D)There should be a clear and unbroken line of communication from the top to the bottom in the organization.
E)Workers should be selected and promoted on ability,competency,and performance.

Question 44

Which of the following refer to the lowest needs in Maslow's hierarchy of human needs?

A)Esteem needs
B)Self-actualization needs
C)Social needs
D)Safety needs
E)Physiological needs

Question 45

Which of the following best describes the Hawthorne effect?

A)It refers to the tendency of people who are singled out for special attention to perform as anticipated because of expectations created by the situation.
B)It implies that satisfied need does not motivate behavior.
C)It refers to a need that is activated only when the next-lower-level need is satisfied.
D)It implies that people dislike work,lack ambition,act irresponsibly,and prefer to be led.
E)It implies that people are willing to work,like responsibility,and are self-directed and creative.

Question 46

Which of the following management theories is based on the deficit principle and the progression principle?

A)Administrative principles
B)Maslow's theory of human needs
C)Scientific management
D)Hawthorne studies
E)Theory X and Theory Y

Question 47

At MagnaTech Solutions,the workers under one manager are expected to follow specific timings for their shifts,while the workers under another manager are given the liberty of flexible timings.Which of the following characteristics of a bureaucracy has the company neglected?

A)Clear division of labor
B)Clear hierarchy of authority
C)Unity of direction
D)Careers based on merit
E)Impersonality

Question 48

Which of the following management theories advocates employee ownership,profit sharing,and gain-sharing plans?

A)Theory X and Theory Y
B)Hawthorne studies
C)Organization as systems
D)Quality management
E)Follett's organizations as communities

Question 49

Mark,an employee of CBZ Ltd.,earns a good compensation,has a good house,a stable job,a family,and close friends.He is recognized as a good manager,is respected by his subordinates,and has mastered his managerial skills.His company offers to pay his house rent if he negotiates a deal with a particular client.This offer fails to motivate him.Which of the following principles explains Mark's behavior?

A)Progression principle
B)Principle of motion study
C)Deficit principle
D)Hawthorne effect
E)Self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 50

A manager finds out that the productivity of his workers has declined.Therefore,he creates a new social setting for the workers,where they share pleasant social relations with one another and receive special attention from the supervisor.The manager has implemented lessons from ________ to improve the productivity of his workers.

A)the scientific management theory
B)the theory of human needs
C)Theory X and Theory Y
D)the Hawthorne studies
E)Fayol's administrative principles

Question 51

A worker receives an order to meet the daily production target from one manager and an order to train the new workers from another.Which of the following principles does the company neglect?

A)Scalar chain principle
B)Unity of command principle
C)Unity of direction principle
D)Principle of motion study
E)Principle of merit

Question 52

Which of the following is an advantage of bureaucracy?

A)Relatively less paperwork
B)Flexibility in the face of shifting client needs
C)Reliability and stringency of discipline
D)Employee enthusiasm
E)Speed in handling problems

Question 53

A manager wants to implement the conclusions of the Hawthorne study in his organization.He would:

A)create written guidelines for workers.
B)implement division of labor in the workplace.
C)assure good human relations between the workers.
D)reduce a job or task to its basic physical motion.
E)define authority and responsibility of each worker.

Question 54

Which of the following best describes impersonality?

A)Jobs are well defined,and workers become highly skilled at performing them.
B)Workers are selected and promoted on ability,competency,and performance,and managers are career employees of the organization.
C)Written guidelines direct behavior and decisions in jobs,and written files are kept for historical record.
D)Authority and responsibility are well defined for each position,and each position reports to a higher-level one.
E)Rules and procedures are impartially and uniformly applied,with no one receiving preferential treatment.

Question 55

Which of the following best describes clear division of labor?

A)Rules and procedures are impartially and uniformly applied,with no one receiving preferential treatment.
B)Jobs are well defined,and workers become highly skilled at performing them.
C)Workers are selected and promoted on ability,competency,and performance,and managers are career employees of the organization.
D)Written guidelines direct behavior and decisions in jobs,and written files are kept for historical record.
E)Authority and responsibility are well defined for each position,and each position reports to a higher-level one.

Question 56

Which of the following is true of Follet's view on organizations?

A)She viewed organizations as communities in which managers and workers should work in harmony.
B)She warned against the dangers of less hierarchy.
C)She supported the idea of managers dominating the workers.
D)She propagated the idea of workers working individually,rather than in a group.
E)She believed that it wasn't the manager's job to help people cooperate with one another.

Question 57

The ________ approaches assume that people are social and self-actualizing,enjoying social relationships,responding to group pressures,and searching for personal fulfillment.

A)classical
B)scientific management
C)contingency thinking
D)behavioral
E)modern

Question 58

According to Mayo's research team,________ in the test room resulted in higher productivity.

A)economic incentives
B)good human relations
C)scientific management
D)adequate rest pauses
E)timely measurement of production

Question 59

The progression principle states that:

A)a need is activated only when the next-lower-level need is satisfied.
B)people dislike work,lack ambition,act irresponsibly,and prefer to be led.
C)people are willing to work,like responsibility,and are self-directed and creative.
D)people at work rationally consider opportunities made available to them and do whatever is necessary to achieve the greatest personal and monetary gain.
E)a satisfied need does not motivate behavior.

Question 60

Which of the following is a disadvantage of bureaucracy?

A)Preferential treatment of some employees
B)Unclear division of labor
C)Excessive paperwork
D)Unclear hierarchy of authority
E)Absence of written guidelines

Question 61

Mary is the manager of Peace,an international campaigning organization where volunteers work without being paid.Which of the following needs should Mary focus on to increase the productivity of the volunteers?

A)Physical well-being
B)Safety
C)Respect
D)Biological maintenance
E)Protection

Question 62

According to Argyris's theory of adult personality,which of the following may create conditions for psychological failure?

A)The deficit principle
B)The progression principle
C)The concept of motion study
D)The concept of unity of direction
E)The principle of specialization

Question 63

The CEO of a company has a good compensation,a house,a family and lots of friends.He is respected by his employees and is recognized as an efficient manager.Now he wants to start his own company.Which of the following needs is he responding to?

A)Social needs
B)Esteem needs
C)Physiological needs
D)Self-actualization needs
E)Safety needs

Question 64

Argyris's theory of adult personality differs from the scientific management theory in that,Argyris's theory:

A)develops rules of motion.
B)develops a clear and consistent approach to work.
C)proposes excessive supervision of employees.
D)uses the concept of "time study" to improve efficiency.
E)criticizes the principle of specialization.

Question 65

Michelle is a manager who assumes that her workers are willing to work,like responsibility,and are self-directed.She encourages them to be more involved in their jobs and grants them reasonable freedom.Michelle's subordinates are most likely to:

A)act passively.
B)become dependent.
C)perform reluctantly.
D)perform irresponsibly.
E)take initiatives.

Question 66

According to Argyris's theory of adult personality,which of the following creates dependent and passive workers?

A)Bureaucracy
B)Organization as systems
C)Organizations as communities
D)Scientific management
E)Maslow's theory of human needs

Question 67

Which of the following is true of a self-fulfilling prophecy?

A)It does not occur to managers who hold Theory X assumptions.
B)It occurs when a person acts in ways that confirm another's expectations.
C)It does not occur to managers who hold Theory Y assumptions.
D)It is the tendency of persons singled out for special attention to perform as expected.
E)It tries to match management practices with situational demands.

Question 68

The worker of a company is motivated by the need for security,protection,and stability in the events of day-to-day life.According to the progression principle,which of the following needs has already been satisfied?

A)Recognition
B)Physical well-being
C)Affection
D)Mastery
E)Self-fulfillment

Question 69

Theory X is similar to Theory Y in that managers holding Theory X assumptions:

A)believe that people are willing to work and like responsibility.
B)believe that people are self-directed and creative.
C)typically create responsible workers.
D)create self-fulfilling prophecies.
E)create opportunities to satisfy esteem and self-actualizing needs.

Question 70

Which of the following is an example of a self-actualization need?

A)Need for self-fulfillment
B)Mastery
C)Affection
D)Protection
E)Physical well-being

Question 71

Recognition is an example of:

A)safety needs.
B)esteem needs.
C)self-actualization needs.
D)physiological needs.
E)social needs.

Question 72

Ross is a manager who assumes that his workers dislike work and act irresponsibly.He tries to command and control his workers in every possible way.According to the self-fulfilling prophecy,his workers are most likely to:

A)take initiatives.
B)become creative.
C)become passive and dependent.
D)be self-directed.
E)perform responsibly.

Question 73

Argyris's theory of adult personality is similar to the Theory Y in that,Argyris's theory:

A)assumes people dislike work and lack ambition.
B)assumes people prefer to be led.
C)limits opportunities for self-actualization.
D)argues that managers must treat people as responsible adults.
E)creates conditions for psychological failures.

Question 74

Sheldon works in a company where he gets minimum wages.He does not have sufficient money to pay his medical bills.His manager offers to award him with the "Best worker certificate" if he increases his productivity.This offer fails to motivate him.Which of the following explains Sheldon's behavior?

A)Progression principle
B)Principle of motion study
C)Deficit principle
D)Hawthorne effect
E)Self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 75

According to Argyris:

A)managers who treat people positively and as responsible adults will achieve the highest productivity.
B)the principle of specialization increases opportunities for self-actualization.
C)bureaucracy allows workers to control their work.
D)the concept of unity of direction leads to psychological success.
E)people dislike work,lack ambition,act irresponsibly,and prefer to be led.

Question 76

According to Theory Y:

A)people are willing to work,like responsibility,and are self-directed and creative.
B)people are social and self-actualizing
C)a satisfied need does not motivate behavior.
D)people at work rationally consider opportunities made available to them
E)a need is activated only when the next-lower-level need is satisfied.

Question 77

The worker of a company earns a wage that gives him good food,water,and good health.He also has a good house to live in.According to the progression principle,which of the following needs is most likely to motivate him next?

A)Recognition
B)Mastery
C)Protection
D)Self-fulfillment
E)Affection

Question 78

According to Theory X:

A)people are social and self-actualizing.
B)a satisfied need does not motivate behavior.
C)people at work rationally consider opportunities made available to them.
D)a need is activated only when the next-lower-level need is satisfied.
E)people dislike work,lack ambition,act irresponsibly,and prefer to be led.

Question 79

Which of the following matches correctly?

A)Affection-Esteem needs
B)Protection-Self-actualization needs
C)Prestige-Safety needs
D)Physical well-being-Physiological needs
E)Mastery-Social needs

Question 80

At the level of ________ needs,the deficit and progression principles cease to operate.

A)self-actualization
B)social
C)safety
D)esteem
E)physiological