Deck 18: Managers As Leaders

Question 1

Robert House assumed that leaders can change leadership styles depending on the situation.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Robert House's achievement-oriented leader sets challenging goals and expects followers to perform at their highest level.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

According to the University of Michigan studies,leaders who are production oriented are described as emphasizing interpersonal relationships and as taking a personal interest in the needs of their followers.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Charisma is the ability to create and articulate a realistic,credible,attractive vision of the future for any organization or organizational unit that grows out of and improves on the present.

Question 5

Transactional and transformational leadership are opposing approaches to getting things done.

Question 6

Fiedler's contingency model of leadership style proposed that effectiveness depends on the ability and willingness of the subordinates.

Question 7

Charisma is an essential quality that leaders must possess to achieve high levels of employee performance.

Question 8

The least-preferred coworker questionnaire measures whether a leader is task or relationship oriented.

Question 9

Despite the best efforts of researchers,it proved impossible to identify one set of traits that would always differentiate leaders from nonleaders.

Question 10

Cognitive theories are leadership theories that identified behaviors that differentiated effective leaders from ineffective leaders.

Question 11

The managerial grid only provides a framework for conceptualizing leadership style.

Question 12

An important aspect of leadership is influencing a group to achieve its goals.

Question 13

People working for charismatic leaders are motivated to exert extra work effort but express lower satisfaction.

Question 14

Effective leaders do not need a high degree of knowledge about the company,industry,and technical matters.

Question 15

Derek Logan heads a team of 10 research analysts in Deutsche Bank.Even though he is least impressed with Cara Lewis among all his subordinates,when asked about her work he chose to focus on her strengths rather than her weaknesses.Derek can be described as a task-oriented leader.

Question 16

A charismatic leader is likely seen as being self-confident and influential.

Question 17

According to Fiedler's research,task-oriented leaders tended to perform better in situations that are very favorable to them and in situations that were very unfavorable.

Question 18

Path-goal theory holds that subordinates with an external locus of control will be more satisfied with a directive style.

Question 19

According to Robert House's path-goal theory,a supportive leader lets subordinates know what's expected of them,schedules the work to be done,and gives specific guidance on how to accomplish tasks.

Question 20

Path-goal theory states that employee performance and satisfaction are likely to be positively influenced when the leader compensates for shortcomings in either the employee or the work setting.

Question 21

This managerial grid used the behavioral dimensions "concern for people" and ________ and evaluated a leader's use of these behaviors,ranking them on a scale from 1 (low)to 9 (high).

A)"concern for integrity"
B)"concern for profit"
C)"concern for environment"
D)"concern for production"

Question 22

The ________ style of leadership describes a leader who tends to involve employees in decision making,delegate authority,encourage participation in deciding work methods and goals,and use feedback as an opportunity for coaching employees.

A)cultural
B)autocratic
C)democratic
D)laissez-faire

Question 23

Reward power is the power that arises because of a person's desirable resources or personal traits.

Question 24

Persons who are able to influence others and who possess managerial authority are termed ________.

A)entrepreneurs
B)leaders
C)organizers
D)visionaries

Question 25

Trust is the belief in the integrity,character,and ability of a leader.

Question 26

Which of the following describes the leadership style in which the leader generally gives the group complete freedom to make decisions and complete the work in whatever way it sees fit?

A)cultural style
B)autocratic style
C)democratic style
D)laissez-faire style

Question 27

Which of the following describes the leadership style in which a leader tends to centralize authority,dictate work methods,make unilateral decisions,and limit employee participation?

A)cultural style
B)autocratic style
C)democratic style
D)laissez-faire style

Question 28

One specific role of team leadership is that team leaders are troubleshooters.

Question 29

According to the Ohio State studies,the ________ dimension of leader behavior is defined as the extent to which a leader has job relationships characterized by mutual trust and respect for group members' ideas and feelings.

A)initiation
B)consideration
C)cultural
D)physical

Question 30

Of the five dimensions that make up the concept of trust,loyalty seems to be the most critical when someone assesses another's trustworthiness.

Question 31

Legitimate power and authority are one and the same.

Question 32

According to the Ohio State studies,which of the following dimensions of leader behavior refers to the extent to which a leader is likely to define and structure his or her role and the roles of group members in the search for goal attainment?

A)intelligence structure
B)psychological structure
C)initiating structure
D)consideration structure

Question 33

Trait theory ignores ________.

A)physical traits of leaders
B)the behavioral aspects of honesty and integrity
C)the interactions of leaders and their group members as well as situational factors
D)the fact that leaders should be able to create visions and solve problems

Question 34

A vision should offer clear and compelling imagery that taps into people's emotions and inspires enthusiasm to pursue the organization's goals.

Question 35

Susan Bones is the sales manager at the Ohio office of Alpha Inc.She has a reputation of being fair,helpful,and understanding.Laura,one of her subordinates,recalled how Susan had even helped her overcome a personal crisis.Which of the following dimensions of leadership is Susan displaying here?

A)consideration
B)initiating structure
C)employee orientation
D)task orientation

Question 36

According to the University of Iowa behavioral studies,group members' satisfaction levels were generally ________.

A)higher under an autocratic leader in the long run
B)improved when the leader was production oriented
C)maintained when the leader was autocratic in the short run
D)higher under a democratic leader than under an autocratic one

Question 37

Credibility is the degree to which followers perceive someone as honest,competent,and able to inspire.

Question 38

Early research on leadership traits ________.

A)sought to prove that charisma was an essential trait of leadership
B)focused entirely on behavioral traits rather than physical traits of a leader
C)found consistent and unique traits that would apply universally to all effective leaders
D)focused on characteristics that might differentiate leaders from nonleaders

Question 39

Legitimate power is inherent in management positions.

Question 40

The University of Iowa studies discussed all of the following leadership styles except ________.

A)laissez-faire
B)democratic
C)accommodating
D)autocratic

Question 41

Fiedler's dimension termed ________ is the degree of confidence,trust,and respect subordinates have for their leader.

A)leader-member relations
B)power relationship
C)task structure
D)authority

Question 42

The ________ model proposed that effective group performance depended upon the proper match between the leader's style of interacting with his or her followers and the degree to which the situation allowed the leader to control and influence.

A)Fiedler contingency
B)situational leadership
C)leader participation
D)path-goal

Question 43

According to the path-goal theory,a leader who lets subordinates know what's expected of them,schedules work to be done,and gives specific guidance as to how to accomplish tasks is termed ________.

A)directive
B)achievement oriented
C)participative
D)supportive

Question 44

Reviews of the major studies undertaken to test the overall validity of Fiedler's model have shown ________.

A)considerable evidence to refute the model
B)minor evidence to support the model
C)minor evidence to refute the model
D)considerable evidence to support the model

Question 45

Fiedler's term ________ refers to the degree of influence a leader has over power-based activities.

A)leader-member relations
B)position power
C)responsibility
D)task structure

Question 46

According to the path-goal theory,a leader who is friendly and shows concern for the needs of subordinates is termed ________.

A)directive
B)achievement oriented
C)participative
D)supportive

Question 47

To measure a leader's style,Fiedler developed the ________.

A)contingency grid
B)situational leadership theory
C)managerial grid
D)least-preferred co-worker questionnaire

Question 48

According to the path-goal theory,a manager who consults with subordinates and uses their suggestions exhibits what type of leadership behavior?

A)directive
B)achievement oriented
C)participative
D)supportive

Question 49

Fiedler assumed a person's leadership style was ________.

A)contingent upon the situation
B)relatively flexible
C)democratic
D)fixed

Question 50

Research by Fiedler uncovered three contingency dimensions that define the key ________.

A)situational factors for determining leader effectiveness
B)follower factors for determining leader effectiveness
C)leader behavioral style factors for determining leader effectiveness
D)situational factors for determining follower effectiveness

Question 51

The degree to which the job assignments are formalized and procedurized is the ________ contingency dimension identified by Fiedler.

A)position power
B)subordinate maturity
C)task structure
D)centralization

Question 52

According to Hersey and Blanchard,a high task-low relationship situation calls for the ________ leadership style.

A)delegating
B)telling
C)participating
D)selling

Question 53

Which of the following leadership styles describes a leader who provides both directive and supportive behavior?

A)telling
B)selling
C)participating
D)delegating

Question 54

Which of the following leadership styles describes a leader who provides little direction or support?

A)telling
B)selling
C)participating
D)delegating

Question 55

Which of the following are two of the three key situational factors Fiedler felt were important in determining leader effectiveness?

A)leader-member relations and maturity of followers
B)organizational success and position power
C)task structure and leader-member relations
D)maturity of organization and task structure

Question 56

Fiedler would expect that the best leadership style was a function of ________.

A)leader-member relations,task structure,and position power
B)formal authority,production process,and personality of employees
C)chain of command,relationships,and power
D)type of organization,personality of leader,and education of employees

Question 57

Who developed the path-goal theory?

A)Fiedler
B)Blake and Mouton
C)Lewin
D)House

Question 58

Which leadership theory believes that a leader's job is to assist followers in attaining their goals and to ensure that their goals are compatible with the goals of the group or organization?

A)Fiedler's Theory
B)Contingency Theory
C)Leader Participation Model
D)Path-Goal Theory

Question 59

The ________ theory is a contingency theory that focuses on followers' readiness.

A)consideration leadership
B)situational leadership
C)passive leadership
D)active leadership

Question 60

At Falcons Inc.,Jeremy is the head of the marketing department.However,he is not in the habit of deciding everything on his own.He involves his team in the decision-making process as much as possible.He believes in communicating clearly and is always ready to help his team to get the best out of them.Jeremy's leadership style will be classified as which of the following?

A)telling
B)selling
C)participating
D)delegating

Question 61

When Alan Jackman got promoted as the head of the sales team at Mac Software Inc.,he chose three of his closest friends in the team to form the core sales group with him.Which of the following predictions would be consistent with the LMX theory?

A)Such an arrangement eventually becomes unstable.
B)Job satisfaction is more likely to be higher for the team members who are not a part of the core group.
C)Team members who are not a part of Alan's core group are actually far more competent than his friends who form the core team.
D)There will be a higher turnover among team members who are not a part of the core group.

Question 62

A leader,such as Bill Gates of Microsoft,who can inspire followers above their own self-interests and can have a profound effect on their performance,is known as a(n)________.

A)transactional leader
B)directive leader
C)informational leader
D)transformational leader

Question 63

Which of the following is not one of the hypotheses that have evolved from the path-goal theory?

A)Supportive leadership results in high employee performance and satisfaction when subordinates are performing structured tasks.
B)Directive leadership is likely to be perceived as redundant among subordinates with high perceived ability or with considerable experience.
C)The clearer and more bureaucratic the formal authority relationships,the more leaders should exhibit supportive behavior and deemphasize directive behavior.
D)Subordinates with an external locus of control will be less satisfied with a directive leadership style.

Question 64

The evidence supporting the superiority of transformational leadership over the transactional style is ________.

A)inconclusive
B)moderately supportive
C)moderately negative
D)overwhelmingly impressive

Question 65

Which of the following is an accurate statement about transformational leaders?

A)They are poor motivators.
B)They clarify task requirements.
C)They exhibit more than just charisma.
D)They focus on tasks and pay little attention to followers.

Question 66

Evidence indicates that transformational leadership is strongly correlated with ________.

A)lower turnover rates and lower levels of goal attainment and follower well-being
B)lower turnover rates and higher levels of productivity and creativity
C)higher turnover rates and lower levels of productivity and employee satisfaction
D)higher turnover rates and higher levels of employee satisfaction and follower well-being

Question 67

According to the path-goal theory,employee performance and leadership style are likely to be positively related when ________.

A)the leader adopts a directive style when the tasks are clear and the employee has the experience and the ability to handle them
B)the leader displays directive behavior at all times
C)the leadership style compensates for shortcomings in either the employee or the work setting
D)the leader adopts a directive style of leadership with followers who have an internal locus of control

Question 68

Alex Johnson was classified as an achievement oriented leader by his team.Which of the following would describe Johnson's leadership style best?

A)He lets subordinates know what's expected of them,schedules work to be done,and gives specific guidance on how to accomplish tasks.
B)He shows concern for the needs of his subordinates and is friendly.
C)He sets challenging goals and expects subordinates to perform at their highest level.
D)He consults with subordinates and uses their suggestions before making a decision.

Question 69

If Carol Reece is a charismatic leader,which of the following characteristics is she most likely to possess?

A)a strong need to be in control
B)a lack of sensitivity to environmental constraints
C)an external locus of control
D)a willingness to take risks to achieve her vision

Question 70

Which of the following is included in the class of contingency variables termed "follower" by the path-goal theory?

A)locus of control
B)work group
C)employee compensation
D)formal authority system

Question 71

All of the following are sources of leader power except ________.

A)legitimate
B)status
C)expert
D)coercive

Question 72

________ leadership is the ability to create and articulate a realistic,credible,and attractive vision of the future for an organization that improves on the present.

A)Visionary
B)Charismatic
C)Trait
D)Transactional

Question 73

Which of the following is included in the class of contingency variables termed "environment" by the path-goal theory?

A)task structure and formal authority system
B)locus of control and experience
C)perceived ability
D)employee satisfaction

Question 74

Which of the following is the type of power a person has because of his or her position in the formal organizational hierarchy?

A)legitimate power
B)coercive power
C)reward power
D)expert power

Question 75

Researchers who train individuals to use charismatic nonverbal behaviors do not recommend ________.

A)leaning toward the subordinate
B)avoiding eye contact
C)having relaxed posture
D)having animated facial expressions

Question 76

According to the path-goal theory,directive leadership will lead to higher employee satisfaction when there is ________ within a work group.

A)cohesiveness
B)high structure
C)substantial conflict
D)internal locus of control

Question 77

Joanna Williams,an enthusiastic and confident lady,was appointed to head a team of market researchers at a time when there was considerable unrest within the team.Under her guidance,however,the team's performance improved drastically.They not only did their job well but also learned to resolve their personal differences in the interest of their work.Joanna can be described as a(n)________ leader.

A)telling
B)charismatic
C)authoritative
D)participative

Question 78

Rachel Keller's colleagues and subordinates have a very high regard for her.They know that no one can get high-quality work done the way Rachel can.She inspires her team to excel in their work,even exceeding their own expectations.What her subordinates like best about Rachel is that they are free to discuss her decisions with her,even question her once in while if they are not sure about her strategy.Which of the following best describes Rachel's leadership style?

A)transactional
B)charismatic
C)trait
D)transformational

Question 79

Path-goal theory identifies two classes of situation variables that moderate the leadership-behavior outcome as ________.

A)tact and relationship
B)path and goal
C)people and achievements
D)environment and followers

Question 80

Sam Meyers is the manager at a department store.He has 20 employees working under him who are mostly unhappy and discontented with the way he threatens them for even minor errors.Which of the following statements is likely to be true about Sam?

A)Sam is a transactional leader.
B)Sam is using coercive power to get the job done.
C)Sam is a telling leader.
D)Sam is using referent power to get the job done.