Deck 7: Managing Change and Innovation

Question 1

Falling interest rates are an example of what external force?

A)change in composition of workforce
B)change in employee attitudes
C)technological change
D)economic change

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In the ________ metaphor,change is normal and expected and managing it is a continual process.

A)calm waters
B)white-water rapids
C)smooth water
D)water over the dam

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The technology change in the manufacturing process of New Ideas,Inc.'s products to make the process more efficient is the result of a competitor lowering its price.Therefore,it was a(n)________.

A)external force of change
B)internal force of change
C)marketplace force of change
D)economic force of change

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Lewin's three-step process is consistent with ________ theory of organizational change.

A)white-water rapids
B)shallow waters
C)smooth waters
D)calm waters

Question 5

Fuel prices keep spiraling upward so recreational vehicle manufacturers are being pressured to produce lighter units that can be pulled by smaller trucks.This situation is representative of ________.

A)a driving force
B)a social force
C)a restraining force
D)an economic force

Question 6

Business had been humming along just fine until the Great Recession hit.Benton Industries adjusted by laying off employees until the recession ended then hired them back.Then it was back to business as usual.This is an example of ________.

A)the shallow water metaphor
B)the calm waters metaphor
C)the white-water rapids metaphor
D)the falling water metaphor

Question 7

New Ideas,Inc.,focuses on new ideas,uses technology that changes frequently,and has strong competition in the market.This situation describes what metaphor of change?

A)a shallow water metaphor
B)a falling water rapid metaphor
C)a rapid water metaphor
D)a white-water rapids metaphor

Question 8

"If it's not one thing,it's another.We just get used to doing things one way and suddenly that's not good enough anymore.It's a new machine here,a new manager there,changing customer demands-it never ends!" This is an example of ________.

A)the water over the dam metaphor
B)the calm waters metaphor
C)the white-water rapids metaphor
D)the falling water metaphor

Question 9

In the "white-water rapids" metaphor of change,change is seen as an occasional disruption in the normal flow of events.

Question 10

The "white-water rapids" metaphor of change is consistent with Lewin's concept of unfreezing,changing,and refreezing.

Question 11

The two metaphors commonly used to describe the two views of the change process are ________.

A)smooth water and troubled water
B)calm waters and white-water rapids
C)shallow water and falling water
D)burning bridge and water over the dam

Question 12

Labor strikes are an example of which of the following internal change factors?

A)workforce composition
B)equipment
C)employee attitudes
D)organizational strategy

Question 13

According to Lewin,which of the following is the objective of refreezing?

A)directing behavior away from the change
B)hindering the existing equilibrium
C)eliminating the need for future change
D)stabilizing the new situation

Question 14

When the employees express their concern about their bonus checks,which of the following types of forces of change is in play?

A)external force of change
B)labor market force of change
C)internal force of change
D)social force of change

Question 15

According to Kurt Lewin,which of the following is a stage in the change process?

A)restraining
B)driving
C)processing
D)unfreezing

Question 16

First he was all about innovation.Next it was efficiency.Now Snyder's strategy is customer responsiveness.These changes in strategy are indicative of ________.

A)external force of change
B)internal force of change
C)marketplace force of change
D)economic force of change

Question 17

The unfreezing step of the change process can be thought of as ________.

A)changing to a new state
B)sustaining a change over time
C)changing the organizational structure
D)preparing for the needed change

Question 18

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act is an example of which of the following forces of change?

A)internal change
B)technological change
C)external change
D)organizational strategy change

Question 19

According to Kurt Lewin,increasing the driving forces is a means of ________.

A)unfreezing
B)changing
C)restraining
D)refreezing

Question 20

Increasing the numbers of employed women and minorities forces managers to pay attention to what change factor?

A)strategy
B)workforce
C)equipment
D)technology

Question 21

A company that decides to decentralize its sales procedures is managing ________ changes.

A)technological
B)people
C)financial
D)structural

Question 22

________ is the term used to describe change methods that focus on people and the nature and quality of interpersonal work relationships.

A)Commercial development
B)Organizational development
C)Career development
D)Comprehensive development

Question 23

Outside consultants are more likely to initiate ________ organizational changes than insiders.

A)drastic
B)mild
C)acceptable
D)trivial

Question 24

An increase in the diversity of his department has led to conflict and animosity.To reduce this and allow his team to become more productive,Lemuel has asked the Human Resources department to provide ________ for his people.

A)survey feedback
B)sensitivity training
C)team building
D)intergroup development

Question 25

In organizations,people who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing the change process are called ________.

A)change masters
B)change agents
C)change champions
D)change generators

Question 26

The installation of the new equipment at Fred Fryer's Donuts,Inc.,is an example of ________.

A)people change
B)management change
C)technological change
D)structural change

Question 27

When supermarkets and other retailers use scanners that provide instant inventory information,they are adopting ________ changes.

A)technological
B)people
C)efficiency
D)structural

Question 28

Organizational change is any alteration of ________.

A)people,structure,or technology
B)structure,management,or goals
C)technology,goals,or management
D)rules,procedures,or management

Question 29

Identify some of the external and internal forces of change.

Question 30

What organizational development technique involves changing the attitudes,stereotypes,and perceptions that work groups have about each other?

A)team building
B)intergroup development
C)survey feedback
D)sensitivity training

Question 31

After several expansions and acquisitions that resulted in duplicate positions of several administrative functions,U.S.Big Corp.decided to reorganize itself around customers rather than around functions.This would amount to a change in ________.

A)structural design
B)selection process
C)degree of centralization
D)structural components

Question 32

Colin believes his organization could be more profitable if it could respond to customers more quickly so he has decided to remove some management layers and increase the remaining managers' span of control.These would be considered changes in ________.

A)structural design
B)structural process
C)degree of centralization
D)structural components

Question 33

If Kraft Foods hired a consultant to decrease group friction and enhance cooperative work relationships,this would be an example of managing ________ changes.

A)technological
B)people
C)financial
D)structural

Question 34

Competitive factors or new innovations within an industry often require managers to introduce ________.

A)new equipment,tools,or operating methods
B)new equipment,tools or people
C)new equipment,operating methods,or structure
D)new equipment,people,or structure

Question 35

If Kelly were to consider enhancing productivity by giving greater authority to her subordinates and increasing formalization,she would be considering ________ changes.

A)structural
B)technological
C)people
D)automatic

Question 36

Describe and explain the "calm waters" view of organizational change.

Question 37

Structural component changes include ________.

A)combining departmental responsibilities
B)changing work processes
C)changing attitudes
D)changing behavior

Question 38

Which type of change might include a shift from a functional to a product structure?

A)a structural design change
B)a structural component change
C)a technological change
D)a people change

Question 39

Changes in work processes,methods,and equipment are a part of ________ changes.

A)technological
B)structural component
C)financial
D)structural design

Question 40

________ is a method of changing behavior through unstructured group interaction.

A)Team building
B)Intergroup development
C)Survey feedback
D)Sensitivity training

Question 41

People may resist change based on habit.

Question 42

Organizational change can be any alteration of people,structure,or technology.

Question 43

Manipulation involves the use of direct threats against the resisters.

Question 44

Fred's Donuts is installing new equipment in its bakery.Many employees are fearful they will not be able to operate it.Which of the following courses of actions is best for Fred to use to overcome this employee resistance?

A)threaten the employees who resist the change
B)present distorted facts to the employees
C)terminate employees who resist the change
D)educate employees and communicate with them

Question 45

When Joshua proposed cross-training his employees so absences and vacations would not pose such a problem in productivity,his employees objected.Their resistance came from their ________.

A)belief that ambiguity would increase
B)fear that they would be forced out of their habits
C)concern over personal loss of income
D)belief that Joshua's changes would harm the organization

Question 46

Define Organizational Development (OD).List and explain the five most popular OD techniques.

Question 47

An individual is likely to resist change because of the feeling ________.

A)of achievement
B)of uncertainty
C)of personal gain
D)that the change is in the organization's best interest

Question 48

Which of the following techniques for reducing resistance to change includes employee counseling,therapy,new skills training,or a short paid leave of absence.

A)negotiation
B)facilitation and support
C)manipulation and co-optation
D)coercion

Question 49

Sensitivity training refers to activities that help team members learn how each member thinks and works.

Question 50

Explain organizational change and briefly discuss the three types of change.

Question 51

One reason people resist change in an organization is that they are afraid their skill set will be obsolete.

Question 52

Which of the following techniques for reducing resistance to change assumes that much of the resistance lies in misinformation?

A)negotiation
B)education and communication
C)participation
D)facilitation and support

Question 53

________ involves distorting facts to make the change appear more attractive.

A)Framing
B)Education and communication
C)Participation
D)Manipulation and co-optation

Question 54

Managers exclusively play the role of change agents.

Question 55

Shelly was the most senior employee in the department and knew just about everything about everyone else's job.If all employees in the department were cross-trained,Shelly would no longer have an advantage that brought with it special privileges.Shelly's resistance to change came from her ________.

A)belief that uncertainty would increase
B)fear that she would be forced out of her habit
C)concern over personal loss
D)belief that the changes would harm the organization

Question 56

________ involves exchanging something of value for an agreement to lessen the resistance to the change effort.

A)Negotiation
B)Manipulation and co-optation
C)Coercion
D)Facilitation and support

Question 57

Coercion involves the use of covert attempts to influence others.

Question 58

________ involves bringing individuals directly affected by the proposed change into the decision-making process.

A)Participation
B)Facilitation and support
C)Delegation
D)Manipulation and co-optation

Question 59

Negotiation involves bringing those affected by change into the decision-making process.

Question 60

Changing structure includes any change in structural variables such as reporting relationships,coordination mechanisms,employee empowerment,or job redesign.

Question 61

A ________ prevents an individual from doing what he desires.

A)constraint
B)demand
C)lien
D)necessity

Question 62

Which of the following is a strategy for managing cultural change?

A)Support employees who remain devoted to the old values.
B)Redesign socialization processes to align with the new values.
C)Keep the same stories and rituals.
D)Allow subcultures to flourish.

Question 63

For ________,the outcome must be unknown,and the outcome must be important.

A)uncertainty to become stress
B)habit to become stressful
C)potential stress to become actual stress
D)personal loss to become stress

Question 64

Managers offer ________ to employees who want to talk to someone about their problems.

A)wellness programs
B)time management programs
C)employee counseling
D)performance planning programs

Question 65

Which of the following is an example of a psychological symptom of stress?

A)changes in metabolism
B)increased heart and breathing rate
C)irritability
D)changes in productivity

Question 66

Stress symptoms are grouped under the categories of ________.

A)physical,economic,and legal
B)physical,psychological,and behavioral
C)physical,psychological,and cultural
D)physical,political,and social

Question 67

A ________ helps employees whose personal lives suffer from a lack of planning to sort out their priorities.

A)time management program
B)wellness program
C)life insurance program
D)health and wellness program

Question 68

________ is the adverse reaction people have to excessive pressure placed on them from extraordinary demands,constraints,or opportunities.

A)Euphoria
B)Stress
C)Degeneration
D)Disease

Question 69

Which of the following is a favorable condition that will facilitate a cultural change?

A)the organization has a huge workforce
B)the organization has a long existence
C)a dramatic crisis occurs
D)a stable leadership exists

Question 70

A ________ personality is characterized by chronic feelings of a sense of time urgency,an excessive competitive drive,and difficulty accepting and enjoying leisure time.

A)Type X
B)Type Y
C)Type A
D)Type B

Question 71

________ creates expectations that may be hard to reconcile or satisfy.

A)Role ambiguity
B)Role conflict
C)Role overload
D)Role demand

Question 72

Which of the following is a physical symptom of stress?

A)changes in metabolism
B)changes in productivity
C)changes in attitude
D)changes in mood

Question 73

________ are factors related to an employee's job and include the design of a person's job,working conditions,and the physical work layout.

A)Task demands
B)Role demands
C)Interpersonal demands
D)Psychological demands

Question 74

Why do people resist change?

Question 75

List and explain the techniques for reducing resistance to change.

Question 76

A disadvantage of coercion is that it may be illegal and may undermine the change agent's credibility.

Question 77

Changes in eating habits are a ________ symptom of stress.

A)physical
B)psychological
C)behavioral
D)financial

Question 78

Which of the following is true regarding reduction of employee stress?

A)In order to reduce stress,managers should make sure that the employee's abilities match the job requirements.
B)A realistic job preview during the selection process maximizes stress by reducing ambiguity over job expectations.
C)Improved organizational communications maximizes ambiguity-induced stress.
D)Job redesigns that increase opportunities for employees to participate in decisions and to gain social support increase stress.

Question 79

Cultural change is most likely to take place when ________.

A)the organization is old
B)the organization is large
C)the culture is strong
D)there is a leadership change

Question 80

How can managers increase the likelihood of making change happen successfully?

A)They should realize that they are just change agents not change leaders.
B)They should discourage entrepreneurial mindsets.
C)They should give individual employees a role in the change process.
D)They should adapt the changes made by their competitors.