Deck 1: Nutrition: Food for Health

Question 1

A substance found in plants which cannot be made by the body and is not necessary to sustain life,but has healthful benefits,is:

A)an herbal supplement.
B)a phytochemical.
C)an enzyme.
D)a zoochemical.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A processed food is defined as:

A)having more than five ingredients.
B)requiring heating or cooking before it can be eaten.
C)a food which has had preservatives added.
D)any food that has been changed from its natural state.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which is NOT a true statement about nutritional studies using animals?

A)Animal studies can be more easily controlled than human studies.
B)The digestive system of some animals is quite different from humans,making these animals inappropriate choices for some studies.
C)The choice of the animal studied may influence the outcome of the study.
D)Results from animal studies can always be readily extrapolated to humans.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is a common source of anecdotal evidence?

A)Peer-reviewed scientific literature
B)Federal government web sites
C)Registered dieticians
D)Testimony of individuals

Question 5

Where do most people in the U.S.get their nutrition information?

A)Dietitians
B)Mass media,i.e.,television,magazines and newspapers
C)Physicians
D)Talk radio

Question 6

When subjects do not know which treatment they are receiving in a clinical trial,but the researchers do,the study is called:

A)anecdotal.
B)collaboration.
C)double blind.
D)single blind.

Question 7

Which of the following describes a hypothesis?

A)A conclusion based on many studies with similar outcomes.
B)An idea based upon no observable phenomena.
C)A fact stated in a textbook.
D)An educated guess made to explain an observation.

Question 8

Which of the following yields energy but is not considered a nutrient?

A)Alcohol
B)Carbohydrate
C)Fat
D)Protein

Question 9

Physiologic processes take place in the body to keep body temperature,heart rate,and blood sugar relatively constant.This stable state is called:

A)anabolism.
B)catabolism.
C)homeostasis.
D)metabolism.

Question 10

The correct sequence of events in the scientific method is:

A)conduct the experiment,develop a hypothesis,form a theory,and make an observation.
B)develop a hypothesis,conduct the experiment,make an observation,and form a theory.
C)form a theory,conduct the experiment,develop a hypothesis,and make an observation.
D)make an observation,develop a hypothesis,conduct the experiment,and form a theory.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT considered a macronutrient?

A)Carbohydrate
B)Fat
C)Protein
D)Vitamins

Question 12

Which of the following is the BEST reason to include a placebo in the experimental design of a human intervention trial?

A)The researchers do not know who is receiving an intervention and who is not.
B)Placebos reduce the cost of the study.
C)It helps prevent the expectations of the subjects from biasing the research.
D)It makes it possible to include a larger number of subjects in the experiment.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the typical American diet is true?

A)Intake of whole grains is above the recommended level and less energy is consumed than expended.
B)Intake of whole grains is low and more energy is consumed than expended.
C)Intake of fiber is adequate and intake of fruits and vegetables is less than recommended.
D)Intake of fiber is low and fruit and vegetable intake is above recommended levels.

Question 14

Approximately 1000 college students were asked to keep a record of what supplemental vitamins they took and how many colds they had over the course of a year.The amount of vitamin C consumed was compared with the students' incidences of colds.This is an example of a(an):

A)clinical trial.
B)epidemiological study.
C)intervention study.
D)laboratory study.

Question 15

Comparison of the amount of a particular nutrient consumed with the amount of the nutrient excreted is characteristic of a(an):

A)balance study.
B)collection study.
C)depletion-repletion study.
D)epidemiological study.

Question 16

Which of the following would be the LEAST reliable source of information about herbal supplements?

A)A government publication
B)A dietitian
C)A pamphlet published by the health food store
D)A peer-reviewed article available on the Internet

Question 17

One important principle of a healthy diet is to eat a variety of foods.In this context,"variety" refers to:

A)choosing at least one food from each food group on the Food Pyramid daily.
B)including low calorie food choices to balance high calorie foods at each meal.
C)choosing a variety of foods from within food groups as well as among food groups.
D)making sure portion sizes are matched to energy needs.

Question 18

One group of individuals is asked to eat a diet high in fruits,vegetables and dairy foods while a second group of individuals is asked to eat a diet with lower amounts of fruits,vegetables and dairy foods.The two groups' blood pressure readings are monitored and compared.This is an example of a(an):

A)case-control study.
B)epidemiological study.
C)intervention study.
D)laboratory study.

Question 19

When evaluating a nutritional study,which is the least important factor?

A)The design of the study
B)How many researchers were involved in the study
C)How the study was funded
D)Where the study was published

Question 20

_____________________ protects human subjects in a study and limits the types of procedures that can be performed on them.

A)Peer review
B)Double blind design
C)Prior authorization
D)Informed consent

Question 21

Which of the following conditions does NOT represent a state of malnutrition?

A)Weight loss as a result of increasing physical activity.
B)Vitamin A toxicity as a result of excessive intake of vitamin supplements.
C)Osteoporosis as a result of long-term inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D.
D)Overweight status as a result of regular ingestion of large portions of energy-dense foods.

Question 22

Continued acceptance of a scientific theory depends on:

A)the ability of other scientists to duplicate the original research and results.
B)increased funding for the research.
C)the number of years since the theory was developed.
D)how the hypothesis was formed.

Question 23

Which of the following nutrients are NOT organic molecules?

A)Carbohydrates
B)Lipids
C)Proteins
D)Minerals

Question 24

A serving of hot chocolate provides 5 grams of fat,2 grams of protein and 28 grams of carbohydrate.How many kcalories are in the serving of hot chocolate?

Question 25

The recommendation to eat everything in "moderation" refers to:

A)including each food group in the diet.
B)including a variety of foods from within each food group.
C)selecting appropriate portion sizes.
D)varying the foods eaten from day to day,week to week and season to season.

Question 26

An adverse or toxic reaction is most likely to occur if:

A)an individual overuses vitamin and/or mineral supplements.
B)the individual cannot absorb nutrients efficiently.
C)the individual's diet is not varied enough.
D)the individual overeats a particular food.

Question 27

Consuming nutrient-dense foods helps to ensure a proper diet.One effective strategy is:

A)eating foods that have been minimally processed.
B)consuming foods with a high nutrient content compared to the kcalories provided.
C)limiting added fats and sugars.
D)All of these are effective strategies

Question 28

Eating turkey on Thanksgiving is an example of making a food choice based on:

A)cultural and family background.
B)personal preference.
C)availability.
D)psychological and emotional factors.

Question 29

In a controlled study,if neither the subjects nor the investigators know which subjects are receiving treatment,the study is called a(n)

A)double blind study.
B)single blind study.
C)variable study.
D)undirected study.

Question 30

Which of the following is likely to limit the availability of food?

A)Socioeconomic status
B)Health status
C)Where a person lives
D)All of these statements are true

Question 31

The energy provided by foods is measured in:

A)BTUs.
B)kilocalories.
C)thermal equivalents.
D)watts.

Question 32

Processed foods and convenience foods tend to ______ compared to freshly prepared foods.

A)provide more kcalories
B)contain fewer nutrients
C)be higher in fat,sugar,or salt
D)All of these statements are true

Question 33

Researchers are interested in whether caffeine has any effect on short-term memory.A study is designed in which two groups of subjects are given capsules that look identical.Group A receives capsules containing caffeine and Group B receives capsules containing powdered sugar.Group B is being given a:

A)catalyst.
B)placebo.
C)stimulant.
D)simulation factor.

Question 34

Which is an example of anecdotal information?

A)Blood glucose levels in runners after they have run in a competition.
B)A famous runner reports having more energy after eating a certain type of power bar.
C)Runners are timed before and after eating one power bar a day for a month.
D)People take a written test before and after eating power bars for a month; the results are scored.

Question 35

What is true regarding the differences between a hypothesis and a theory?

A)A hypothesis is an educated guess and a theory is based on scientific study and reasoning.
B)Hypotheses are not tested; theories are tested.
C)Theories are the foundations of hypotheses.
D)A hypothesis is tested using quantifiable data; theories are tested using subjective data.

Question 36

A measure of the nutrient content of a food compared to its energy content is referred to as

A)Healthy Food Index.
B)nutrient score.
C)dietary reference intake.
D)nutrient density.

Question 37

Which of the following is LEAST likely to affect food choices?

A)Cultural and family background
B)Personal preference
C)Weather
D)Psychological and emotional factors

Question 38

The discipline which explores the relationship between genetic variation and nutrition is called:

A)nutrigenomics.
B)genetic nutritional variation.
C)nutritional genomic analysis.
D)nutrient gene factor identification.

Question 39

Under-nutrition does not include:

A)starvation reflecting a deficiency of energy.
B)eating too much saturated fat.
C)the deficient intake of single nutrients.
D)the inability to absorb a particular nutrient.

Question 40

Which of the following functions is performed by members of all six classes of nutrients?

A)Provide energy
B)Form structures
C)Regulate body processes
D)All of these functions are performed by each of the six classes of nutrients

Question 41

What are two advantages of using animals instead of humans in nutrition experiments? What are two disadvantages?

Question 42

People's food choices are affected by many factors other than the nutritional value of the food.Select two of the factors that affect food choices and explain how you would use this factor to help reinforce a dietary change an individual is trying to make for nutritional reasons.

Question 43

What is the difference between a depletion-repletion study and a balance study? How is each used in the field of nutrition?

Question 44

Describe what is meant by the term control group and explain why a well designed experiment includes a control group.

Question 45

Describe the steps involved in conducting a valid experiment using the scientific method.

Question 46

Describe the three general functions of nutrients.

Question 47

Americans are replacing more and more home cooked meals with meals from fast food restaurants.
a)What are the nutritional impacts of this trend?
b)How does this trend influence disease risk?

Question 48

Mrs.Sandoz' fourth grade class spent several class periods learning about nutrition.They learned about MyPyramid and how eating a healthy diet could benefit them.Mr.Danner's fourth grade class,in the same building,did not have a unit on nutrition.After the nutrition unit was finished in Mrs.Sandoz' class,researchers looked at the selections students made in the cafeteria and how much food was consumed and thrown away by each class to see if the nutrition education had an effect on the students' eating habits.
a)What type of study was this?
b)Which classroom was the control classroom?
c)Which classroom was the experimental group?
d)What other factors affect students' choice of food,besides what they know about health and food?

Question 49

Recently,Trevor received an e-mail forwarded to him by a friend.The e-mail warns all recipients of the dangers of an FDA approved artificial sweetener,which,according to the original author,is responsible for several types of cancer,mental illness,and several other serious ailments.The author uses several anecdotal stories as the basis for her assertions.Curious,Trevor does a search on the Internet for the author but cannot find any information about her.
a)What do you think of unsolicited e-mail as a source of nutrition advice?
b)How likely is it this one FDA approved product causes several different diseases?
c)What else makes you wonder about the validity of the information?
d)How might you use the Internet to get more information about the artificial sweetener in question?
e)How can you tell if nutrition information in a letter,in an article,or on television is accurate?

Question 50

Describe the typical American diet and explain how it could be improved.Is there anything you would like to change about the way you eat? Why or why not?

Question 51

What is epidemiology? Compare the type of information obtained from epidemiological studies to that obtained from human intervention studies.

Question 52

Name some reliable sources of nutrition information.

Question 53

What is the difference between a single-blind and a double-blind study? Why are double-blind techniques used?