Deck 7: Energy Balance and Weight Management

Question 1

The three components of energy expenditure are:

A)basal metabolism,energy consumption and protein metabolism.
B)basal metabolism,physical activity and diet-induced thermogenesis.
C)basal metabolism,resting heat conductance and consumptive capacity.
D)physical activity,sleeping and eating.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

If no food is eaten for more than a few hours,gluconeogenesis occurs,forming glucose from:

A)stored amino acids.
B)functioning body protein.
C)fatty acid deposits in adipose tissue.
D)glycogen stores.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What is the total energy content of a serving of granola that contains 7 grams of fat,40 grams of carbohydrate and 4 grams of protein?

A)51 kcals
B)145 kcals
C)239 kcals
D)319 kcals

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which nutrient(s),when consumed in excess of energy needs,is/are preferentially used to produce body adipose tissue?

A)Carbohydrates
B)Proteins
C)Fats
D)Individual amino acids

Question 5

Which statement about obesity is true?

A)Obesity rates have remained constant over the last 50 years.
B)Obesity is defined as having a BMI >25.
C)Obesity rates tend to be constant across racial and ethnic groups.
D)Obesity is defined as having a BMI >30.

Question 6

Estimated energy requirements are NOT influenced by:

A)height.
B)level of physical activity.
C)gender.
D)body shape.

Question 7

Which type of calorimetry used for measuring energy expenditure quantifies heat production?

A)Direct
B)Indirect
C)Thermic
D)Bomb

Question 8

As foods are digested,the energy stored in the chemical bonds of carbohydrates,proteins and fats are converted to:

A)electrical energy.
B)carbon dioxide.
C)ATP.
D)electrons.

Question 9

Which individual would have the lowest recommended energy intake,per unit of body weight?

A)A 2-month old infant
B)An 80-year old female
C)A 26- year old woman,in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy
D)An adolescent male

Question 10

What is the function of a bomb calorimeter?

A)It determines how much energy is spent when performing a specific exercise.
B)It is utilized to "burn off" excess kcals.
C)It determines the energy content of a particular food.
D)It accurately measures percent body fat.

Question 11

The energy expended to digest and store nutrients is called:

A)basal metabolic rate.
B)digestive capacity thermogenesis.
C)consumptive heat capacity.
D)thermic effect of food.

Question 12

Basal metabolism in a typical person accounts for approximately what percentage of total energy expenditure?

A)10-25
B)40-55
C)60-75
D)>90

Question 13

America's obesity epidemic:

A)has not affected children.
B)is primarily caused by Americans eating more and exercising less.
C)is relatively benign,causing few health effects.
D)is unique since other countries have not experienced similar rises in obesity.

Question 14

As dietary nutrients are broken down to provide energy they are all converted to which metabolic intermediate?

A)Pyruvate
B)Acetyl CoA
C)Lactate
D)Ketone bodies

Question 15

To provide glucose to the body between meals:

A)fat is broken down.
B)glycogen is broken down.
C)internal organs are liquified.
D)snacks must be consumed.

Question 16

Indirect calorimetry measures ________and _______ to estimate energy expenditure.

A)food consumed,heat produced
B)food consumed,water excreted
C)oxygen consumed,carbon dioxide expired
D)oxygen consumed,sweat produced

Question 17

Energy is stored in the body primarily as __________ and ___________.

A)glycogen,triglycerides
B)protein,glucose
C)muscle,glycogen
D)glucose,triglycerides

Question 18

After eating a large dinner,we feel full and satisfied.The term to describe this feeling is:

A)appetite suppression.
B)caloric equilibrium.
C)hunger displacement.
D)satiety.

Question 19

Which of the following does NOT increase in an individual's basal metabolic rate?

A)Increasing age over 50
B)An increase in muscle mass
C)An increase in body weight
D)Running a fever

Question 20

The energy content of a food is determined:

A)by bomb calorimetry.
B)with a specially adapted convection oven.
C)using an indirect calorimeter.
D)by underwater volumetric analysis.

Question 21

According to BMI criteria,an individual with a body mass index (BMI)of 22 would be defined as:

A)underweight.
B)healthy weight.
C)overweight.
D)obese.

Question 22

In order to lose fat,not lean tissue,what is the recommended rate of weight loss?

A)1/2 to 2 pounds per week
B)1 to 3 pounds per week
C)2 to 4 pounds per week
D)No more than 30 pounds/month

Question 23

In order to calculate a person's Body Mass Index,what information about the person must be known?

A)Height & weight
B)Lean body mass & body water
C)Lean body mass & fat stores
D)Waist circumference & height

Question 24

Which is a FALSE statement regarding the use of anthropometric measurements such as waist circumferences and skinfold thickness to estimate body composition?

A)Measurements are more accurate in normal weight than in obese individuals.
B)Although fairly accurate,skinfold measurement is relatively expensive.
C)It is assumed that the subcutaneous fat is representative of total body fat.
D)Accuracy is dependent upon the skill of the person using the skinfold calipers.

Question 25

For many years,Erin's weight has been stable at ~132 pounds.This weight is commonly described as her:

A)maintenance level.
B)set point.
C)trigger point.
D)weight stability setting.

Question 26

Skinfold thickness measures:

A)subcutaneous fat.
B)visceral fat.
C)total fat.
D)body density.

Question 27

The amount of visceral fat is best determined by:

A)sophisticated imaging methods such as DXA.
B)dilution methods.
C)skinfold thickness.
D)underwater weighing.

Question 28

Body fat is stored in cells called:

A)adipocytes.
B)enterocytes.
C)hepatocytes.
D)β cells.

Question 29

An individual who exercises at moderate intensity for 60 minutes per day would be considered:

A)sedentary.
B)low active.
C)active.
D)very active.

Question 30

Obesity increases the risk of some cancers because:

A)the high fat foods typically consumed have abundant cancer-promoting substances.
B)adipose tissue produces hormones which promote cell proliferation.
C)high blood triglycerides commonly seen in obesity damage DNA in cells lining the major blood vessels.
D)obese individuals tend to be sedentary.

Question 31

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of:

A)gallbladder disease.
B)sleep apnea.
C)arthritis.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 32

The distribution of body fat can be an indicator of health risk.Which of the following is associated with a higher risk of heart disease,diabetes and breast cancer?

A)Subcutaneous fat deposited in the hips and thighs
B)Visceral fat deposited around the waist
C)A pear shaped body
D)Brown fat tissue in the upper arms

Question 33

______________ is produced by adipocytes and functions to maintain the amount of fat in the body at a constant or stable level.

A)Thyroxine
B)Leptin
C)Ghrelin
D)Insulin

Question 34

What is a common outcome of "yo-yo" dieting?

A)Decreased likelihood that future weight loss efforts will be successful
B)Malnutrition
C)Anorexia nervosa
D)Redistribution of subcutaneous body fat

Question 35

The consequences of the high rate of childhood obesity are:

A)primarily psychological.
B)relatively benign since health risks are not increased.
C)profound since the longer a person is overweight,the higher the health risks.
D)unknown.

Question 36

Which brain region regulates long-term food intake and energy expenditure?

A)Cerebellum
B)Cortex
C)Frontal lobe
D)Hypothalamus

Question 37

Which statement about BMI is correct?

A)A BMI of 16-22 is defined as a healthy body weight.
B)BMI is an excellent tool for predicting health risks for all body types.
C)A BMI of <20 is classified as underweight.
D)A BMI over 30 is considered obese.

Question 38

Which method to measure body composition relies on the poor ability of fat to conduct electricity?

A)MRI
B)Bioelectric impedance
C)DEXA
D)Bod Pod

Question 39

Being underweight:

A)is always the result of an eating disorder.
B)is never a concern since people suffer no health risks.
C)is associated with an increased risk of early death.
D)is an unnatural condition that should always be remedied.

Question 40

One reason body weight increases as people age is:

A)EER declines.
B)higher fat food choices are more common.
C)exercise increases.
D)EER increases.

Question 41

For people who want to gain weight,which of the following is NOT a recommendation?

A)Eat more frequently
B)Drink more milk and fruit juices
C)Exercise
D)Eat more low-fat,bulky foods

Question 42

The energy (kcalories)provided by one gram each of protein,fat,carbohydrate and alcohol is:

A)9,9,4,4.
B)4,4,4,9.
C)7,4,9,4.
D)4,9,4,7.

Question 43

Which statement about the relationship of obesity to "thrifty metabolism" is FALSE?

A)It allows more efficient energy use and fat storage.
B)Those who inherited "thrifty genes" are more likely to be obese.
C)Restricting food intake normally increases energy expenditure.
D)Thrifty metabolism may have evolved to prevent starvation.

Question 44

Which guideline about weight loss is correct?

A)All individuals with a BMI >25 should lose weight.
B)If a child is obese,weight should be lost as quickly as possible so it doesn't interfere with development.
C)Most people can reduce health risks with a 5-15% weight loss.
D)The health benefits of weight loss do not begin to accrue until normal weight is achieved.

Question 45

Very-Low-Kcalorie diets:

A)contain fewer than 1500 kcals/day.
B)cause a rapid initial weight loss.
C)increase metabolism.
D)are more effective than other diets in the long term.

Question 46

Which of the following does not affect basal metabolic rate?

A)Gender
B)Lean body mass
C)Level of physical activity
D)Age

Question 47

Which of the following does NOT help to explain why Americans are now eating more kcals than 30 years ago?

A)Appetite is often triggered by ads for foods or the easy accessibility of foods.
B)Average portion sizes have increased in homes and restaurants.
C)People tend to eat in units regardless of the size of the unit.
D)Genetic changes over the last 3 decades have led to Americans being hungrier.

Question 48

The stimulus which prompts one to eat in response to internal physical cues is best described as:

A)appetite.
B)hunger.
C)behavioral modification.
D)satiety.

Question 49

Which statement about obesity genes is FALSE?

A)Abnormal obesity genes result in abnormal amounts of body fat.
B)Obesity genes encode proteins.
C)Obesity genes are the main culprit behind rising obesity levels.
D)Obesity genes regulate food intake,energy expenditure or the deposition of body fat.

Question 50

When a diet is very low in kcalories and carbohydrate for a long period of time,what is most likely to develop?

A)Diabetes
B)Hepatitis
C)Hyperglycemia
D)Ketosis

Question 51

The recommended approach to dealing with overweight children is to:

A)strictly limit kcalorie intake.
B)encourage physical activity and moderate kcalorie intake.
C)institute moderate levels of drug therapy.
D)encourage liquid weight loss products at lunch.

Question 52

To determine how many kcalories are in a food item,the food undergoes combustion in a chamber surrounded by water.What information is most important to know in order to establish the caloric content of the food item?

A)Change in temperature of the water surrounding the chamber
B)Volume of the food item
C)Surface area of the food item
D)Density of water surrounding the chamber

Question 53

A higher incidence of heart disease,high blood pressure,stroke and diabetes is associated with:

A)fat on hips and thighs.
B)subcutaneous fat.
C)visceral fat.
D)Any fat,no matter where it is deposited.

Question 54

Which statement about the relationship of obesity to activity is correct?

A)Lean people use fewer calories for NEAT.
B)Individuals with the most body fat tend to have the lowest levels of overall activity.
C)When normal weight individuals are overfed,they all respond with similar increases in unplanned activity.
D)Involuntary activity typically burns <100 kcal /day.

Question 55

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)A waist measurement >40 inches in men indicates a health risk.
B)The distribution of fat in a person is determined by primarily by exercise habits.
C)A waist measurement >35 inches in women indicates a health risk.
D)Visceral fat storage is more common in men than in women.

Question 56

_________ is produced in the stomach and stimulates food intake.

A)Ghrelin
B)Cholecystokinin
C)Peptide PYY
D)Gastrin

Question 57

A common problem associated with losing weight by drinking only low kcalorie weight loss products is:

A)eating habits are not changed.
B)the formula is available by prescription only,making the program inconvenient.
C)formula plans are expensive.
D)mixing the formulas require extensive calculation.

Question 58

Americans are exercising less for all the reasons listed below EXCEPT:

A)leisure time is often spent in sedentary activities.
B)many jobs are less physically demanding than in the past.
C)open spaces for outdoor activities are becoming limited.
D)most people rely on automobiles for transportation rather than walking or biking.

Question 59

Long term healthy weight loss is based on all the following principles EXCEPT:

A)increasing physical activity.
B)adopting lifelong changes in eating habits.
C)eating foods in the "right" combinations to burn more calories.
D)moderate portion sizes.

Question 60

An individual's actual weight is:

A)determined solely by genetics,which is why identical twins gain similar amounts of fat over time.
B)determined by lifestyle.
C)determined by inherited genes and lifestyle/environment.
D)determined by the climate in which you live.

Question 61

If a serving of tuna contains 1 gram fat,0 carbohydrates and contains 69 calories,how many grams of protein are in one serving?

A)15
B)30
C)44
D)60

Question 62

Alli is an over-the-counter weight loss drug that:

A)reduces appetite.
B)increases energy expenditure.
C)prevents triglyceride digestion and absorption.
D)activates brown adipose tissue.

Question 63

A surgical procedure that restricts the size of the stomach and bypasses a portion of the small intestine is:

A)gastroplasty.
B)gastric bypass.
C)not successful in achieving weight loss.
D)liposuction.

Question 64

When selecting a weight loss program for long-term weight loss,which is the least important question to consider?

A)Does the program require purchase of special foods?
B)Does the program offer social support?
C)Does the program incorporate and encourage physical activity?
D)Is there a book available which explains the diet?

Question 65

What is the approximate BMI of someone who weighs 145 pounds and is five foot,seven inches tall?

A)12.9
B)22.7
C)28.1
D)35.2

Question 66

Which is TRUE regarding the disadvantages of using Body Mass Index as a means of assessing chronic disease risk?

A)Someone with a large amount of muscle mass will have a high BMI.
B)BMI uses measurements which are cumbersome to obtain.
C)Calculating BMI is relatively expensive.
D)BMI calculations for men and women require different formulas.

Question 67

One problem with weight loss drugs is that:

A)they have been shown to shorten life span.
B)weight is typically regained when the drug is stopped.
C)they are not recommended for people with large amounts of weight to lose.
D)over time,they typically cause people to become underweight.

Question 68

Ryan would like to lose weight.His energy needs are 2400 kcal/day.If he eats ~1900 kcals/day,in four weeks approximately how much weight will Ryan have lost?

A)2 pounds
B)4 pounds
C)9 pounds
D)12 pounds