Deck 18: World Hunger and Malnutrition

Question 1

Stunting increases the risk of all of the following EXCEPT:

A)abdominal obesity.
B)being a larger adult.
C)reduced work capacity.
D)low-birth-weight babies in the next generation.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT included in the definition of famine?

A)It typically affects only a small number of people.
B)It is caused by a disaster.
C)It includes a collapse in the food production system.
D)A collapse in the food marketing system occurs.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which is NOT a product made from a renewable resource?

A)Paper towels
B)Gasoline
C)Bread
D)A wooden crate

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Worldwide,over ___ of the deaths in children under the age of 5 are due to under-nutrition.

A)10%
B)20%
C)1/3
D)1/2

Question 5

The cycle of malnutrition:

A)begins when infants are weaned and appropriate substitutes for milk are unavailable.
B)ends after the adolescent growth spurt.
C)is an inability to meet nutrient needs at some stages of life.
D)affects both the health and productivity of a population.

Question 6

The cycle of malnutrition can be broken by:

A)providing better health care for children.
B)arranging for better nutrition and healthcare for women during pregnancy.
C)increasing availability of nutritious foods for adults.
D)Any of these.

Question 7

Currently,which bears the LEAST responsibility for worldwide food shortages?

A)Inability of worldwide food producers to keep up with consumption
B)Poverty
C)Overpopulation in some regions
D)Lack of environmental resources

Question 8

More than ___________ people in developing countries earn less than $1.25 per day.

A)100 million
B)500 million
C)750 million
D)1 billion

Question 9

Stunting refers to:

A)decreased average weight during the first year of life.
B)increased body mass index (BMI).
C)depression of intelligence quota (IQ).
D)a decreased rate of linear growth.

Question 10

Decreased growth in height in children is referred to as:

A)shunting.
B)stature suppression.
C)stunting.
D)malnutritional growth suppression.

Question 11

The nutrition transition is accompanied by:

A)decreased life expectancy.
B)an increase in low birth weight babies.
C)an increase in the incidence of heart disease and diabetes.
D)a decrease in the use of natural resources.

Question 12

"Infant mortality rate" refers to:

A)the number of deaths during the first 24 hours of life per 100 live births.
B)the number of deaths during the first 24 hours of life per 1,000 live births.
C)the number of deaths during the first year of life per 100 live births.
D)the number of deaths during the first year of life per 1,000 live births.

Question 13

Which statement about malnutrition and infectious disease in children is FALSE?

A)Approximately 20% of all deaths in children under the age of 5 are due to infectious diseases.
B)Undernourished children have depressed immune systems.
C)Vaccines may be ineffective in undernourished children.
D)Undernourished children can die from infectious diseases that would not be life-threatening in well-nourished children.

Question 14

Which statement about chronic food shortages is FALSE?

A)Chronic food shortages affect far fewer people than famines.
B)Chronic food shortages can be the result of cultural or religious practices.
C)Chronic food shortages can be a result of misusing environmental resources.
D)Chronic food shortages can be the result of economic inequities.

Question 15

The growth of the human population is:

A)occurring mostly in the developing world.
B)keeping the same pace as the growth in the ability to produce food.
C)currently about an additional 8 million people per year.
D)allowing developing countries to catch up economically with the developed world.

Question 16

The single greatest cause of food insecurity is:

A)natural disasters.
B)poverty.
C)lack of education.
D)famine.

Question 17

Which statement about the prevalence of obesity is correct?

A)The number of underweight people worldwide is two times higher than the number of overweight people.
B)India must contend with significant levels of both under-nutrition and over-nutrition.
C)Obesity rates worldwide are decreasing.
D)The population of urban Samoa has the lowest obesity rate in the world.

Question 18

As the prevalence of food insecurity in a population increases,so does:

A)access to healthcare systems.
B)the number of deaths due to cardiac problems.
C)the infant mortality rate.
D)over-nutrition.

Question 19

Which country has the higher infant mortality rate?

A)El Salvador
B)Cuba
C)Sierra Leone
D)India

Question 20

Which statement about malnutrition is FALSE?

A)Malnutrition is only a serious problem for people who are undernourished.
B)Malnutrition shortens life expectancy.
C)Overweight individuals suffer from malnutrition.
D)Malnutrition causes high levels of sickness and disability.

Question 21

Short term food aid:

A)brings food quickly into areas where people are starving.
B)consists of foods well planned for their nutrient content.
C)can prevent future famine.
D)fosters economic development.

Question 22

Biotechnology can most effectively increase food production by:

A)creating plants resistant to insects or diseases.
B)inspiring improvements in irrigation.
C)improving agricultural practices.
D)hybridizing local varieties of crops.

Question 23

Which is NOT a true statement about organizations dedicated to relieving world hunger?

A)The goal of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)is to provide assistance in disasters.
B)The World Bank finances food supplementation and fortification projects.
C)UNICEF works to improve the health and lives of children.
D)World Health Organization (WHO)emphasizes prevention of nutritional problems.

Question 24

Which statement about cash crops is FALSE?

A)Cash crops can provide revenue to purchase nutritious foods for local people.
B)Production of cash crops may limit the ability of local people to produce enough food to feed their families.
C)Cash crops are typically raised for local consumption.
D)Coffee is a cash crop.

Question 25

Which statement about international trade is FALSE?

A)International trade can help countries provide for their people even if they cannot grow enough food within the country.
B)International trade is most effective for countries with vast natural resources.
C)International trade is mostly a benefit to the developed world.
D)An increase in food imports helped decrease the number of hungry people in newly industrialized countries in Asia.

Question 26

The need for vitamin A is increased by which of the following?

A)Rapid growth
B)Development
C)Frequent infections
D)All of these

Question 27

Which is a term used to describe a system that endeavors to maintain natural resources such as soil and water while producing food products?

A)Ecological conservation
B)Food self-sufficiency
C)Restorative farming
D)Sustainable agriculture

Question 28

Lack of _________ in the diet causes goiter.

A)fluoride
B)iron
C)iodine
D)zinc

Question 29

The most common nutritional problem worldwide is a deficiency of:

A)protein.
B)iodine.
C)iron.
D)thiamin.

Question 30

Deficiency of which nutrient is NOT a world health problem?

A)Iodine
B)Iron
C)Sodium
D)Vitamin A

Question 31

Which statement about the impact of raising farm animals is FALSE?

A)It takes 40 kcals of fossil fuel to obtain 1 kcal of beef protein.
B)Animals raised on small farms consume scraps,crop wastes and grasses that people cannot eat.
C)Animals raised in agribusiness are so efficiently raised that the impact on the environment is quite small.
D)Livestock raised in the US consume 7 times the amount of grain as consumed by the human population.

Question 32

The capacity of a region to produce enough food to feed its population is termed:

A)food self-sufficiency.
B)food sovereignty.
C)sustainable agriculture.
D)economic viability.

Question 33

Which is NOT a true statement about population control in countries where hunger is a problem?

A)When women are better educated,the birthrate declines.
B)The rate of population growth has slowed in Singapore,Thailand,Colombia and Costa Rica.
C)To be effective,national or regional family planning efforts must take into consideration cultural and religious practices.
D)Families tend to be larger when a country's economy appears secure.

Question 34

Which of the following factors promotes control of population growth?

A)When the labor of children is needed to work farms
B)High infant mortality rates
C)Economic security
D)When children provide the primary support for elders

Question 35

Modern,large-scale farming can do all of the following EXCEPT:

A)result in increased yields in food production.
B)result in depleted soil.
C)use very little energy.
D)contaminate groundwater.

Question 36

To conserve natural resources,which is the LEAST effective option?

A)Purchase fewer individually packaged foods; buy more in bulk
B)Buy more imported foods
C)Purchase products that use minimal packaging
D)Reduce consumption of animal products

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT considered a sustainable agriculture practice?

A)Dedicating individual fields to a single crop that is grown repeatedly
B)Terracing
C)Agroforestry
D)Organic agriculture

Question 38

A child who consumes adequate calories but insufficient amounts of protein is most at risk for developing:

A)beriberi.
B)goiter.
C)kwashiorkor.
D)marasmus.

Question 39

Iron deficiency is LEAST likely to result from:

A)parasitic infections.
B)increased physical workloads.
C)limited availability and consumption of red meat.
D)chronic infections.

Question 40

Which statement about renewable resources is FALSE?

A)Renewable resources will always be restored and replaced by natural processes.
B)Renewable resources can be used faster than natural processes can restore them.
C)Renewable resources can become depleted.
D)Soil and water are renewable resources.

Question 41

The Emergency Food Assistance Program distributes ___________ for home and institutional use.

A)funds to buy food
B)meals
C)grocery store vouchers
D)commodity foods,such as peanut butter and pasta

Question 42

What causes stunting?

Question 43

Foods selected for fortification should be:

A)centrally processed.
B)produced in small local facilities.
C)foods which are used in small quantities.
D)foods which require refrigeration.

Question 44

Identify three population groups in the U.S.which are most affected by hunger.

Question 45

Malnutrition may occur in which individuals even when the rest of the household is adequately fed?

A)Pregnant women
B)Infants
C)Children
D)All of these

Question 46

Of all households in the United States,approximately what percentage persists at or below the poverty line?

A)10
B)15
C)25
D)35

Question 47

Approximately what portion of households in the U.S.experience food insecurity at some point during the year?

A)4)5%
B)9)5%
C)14.5%
D)20.5%

Question 48

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding vegetarian diets and the environment?

A)Having many animals confined together can affect water quality.
B)Feeding grain to livestock is the most efficient way to produce enough calories for a population.
C)Cutting down forests to create grazing land is a problem that is linked to global warming.
D)When animals are integrated into farming,animal waste products can provide valuable sources of fuel.

Question 49

Which of the following is true regarding level of education and household income?

A)The higher the level of education,the higher the income level.
B)The highest household incomes were in families where a family member had a Bachelor's degree.
C)High school graduates typically make more than those who attended college but did not graduate.
D)There is no direct relationship.

Question 50

Population groups likely to experience food insecurity in the U.S.are:

A)people living in inner cities.
B)Hispanic populations.
C)Native Americans.
D)All of these.

Question 51

Which federal program targets pregnant and lactating women,and infants and children for nutritional food assistance and education?

A)Emergency Food Assistance Program
B)Food Stamp Program
C)State Foodservice Program for Women and Children
D)Women,Infants and Children (WIC)

Question 52

Which is NOT generally regarded as an indicator of nutritional status of a population?

A)Maximum life span
B)Infant mortality rate
C)Incidence of low birth weight
D)Stunting

Question 53

Risk for malnutrition among the elderly is associated with:

A)strong family support.
B)educational level.
C)access to vitamin supplements.
D)more hospital admissions.

Question 54

Which area has the lowest rates of poverty?

A)Inner cities
B)Suburbs
C)Native American reservations
D)Remote rural areas

Question 55

Crops that are grown and consumed locally are called:

A)sustainable crops.
B)cash crops.
C)subsistence crops.
D)support crops.

Question 56

Areas of the U.S.that lack access to affordable foods which constitute a healthy diet are called:

A)food deserts.
B)food voids.
C)impoverished pockets.
D)urban produce voids.

Question 57

Which is NOT generally associated with iron-deficiency anemia?

A)Low-birth-weight infants
B)Decreased resistance to infection
C)Increased maternal mortality
D)Blindness

Question 58

Which of the following dietary changes would one NOT expect to see as the average income of a developing country increases?

A)Consumption of a wider variety of foods
B)Eating less processed foods
C)Consumption of more animal products
D)Consumption of more foods high in vitamin A and iron

Question 59

What is the difference between subsistence crops and cash crops?

Question 60

Explain how malnutrition cycles from one generation to the next.

Question 61

How do plant-based and animal-based diets affect the environment differently?

Question 62

How are overpopulation and under-nutrition related?

Question 63

Explain the term,sustainable agriculture.What are characteristics of a sustainable agriculture system?

Question 64

What special problems do the homeless encounter that increases their risk of malnutrition?

Question 65

Why is sustainability so important to long-term nutritional goals worldwide and why are short-term solutions usually not very much associated with sustainability?

Question 66

How does lack of education contribute to food insecurity among the poor?

Question 67

A family down the street has five children.Both parents recently lost their jobs.What resources are available to help them provide adequate meals for their family?

Question 68

How does iron deficiency affect people of different life stages?

Question 69

Identify some of the reasons there is under-nutrition in various populations in the United States? Indicate several important programs that are in place to aid people caught in this cycle of poverty and malnutrition?

Question 70

If you were putting together a promotional campaign designed to lessen the effects of over-nutrition,who would be your target audience? Which chronic diseases are associated with over-nutrition? What are appropriate general recommendations to this group?

Question 71

What choices can a person living in a highly developed country make that can impact the status of those living in undeveloped countries?

Question 72

Nutritional deficiencies are recognized as a deterrent to world health.Identify several nutrients that are in short supply globally that contribute to poor health outcomes? Why is it so important to work to eliminate poverty as a long-term goal for the prevention of hunger?

Question 73

The symbol used for iodine fortification is important because the foods that were chosen for fortification with this mineral were based upon significant thought.What are the criteria useful in determining the appropriate foods to fortify?

Question 74

How can kwashiorkor be prevented?

Question 75

Why are there two major types of malnutrition? What occurs when a population is undergoing "nutrition transition"?

Question 76

At what points can the "cycle of malnutrition" be broken? Why might there be inadequate food for individuals and populations in several places in this cycle?

Question 77

A family in a developing country has adequate food supplies,yet some of the family members suffer the consequences of malnutrition.What factors contribute to this paradox?