Deck 18: Synthetic and Biological Polymers

Question 1

What is the repeating monomer found in cellulose?

A) glucose
B) fructose
C) sucrose
D) amylose

Answer 1

glucose

Question 2

Which of the following is not an amino acid?

A) threonine
B) tyrosine
C) thymine
D) lysine

Answer 2

thymine

Question 3

The name of the bond that combines two amino acids together is called ________.

A) peptide
B) glycoside
C) acetal
D) ketal

Answer 3

peptide

Question 4

Which of the following amino acids has more than one amine group?

A) lysine
B) alanine
C) glycine
D) glutamic acid

Question 5

Which of the following is made out of PVC?

A) tiles
B) raincoats
C) plumbing pipes that carry sewage
D) all of the above

Question 6

Which is/are the starting reagent(s) required for the synthesis of Nylon 66?

A) hexanedioic acid chloride
B) 1,6-diaminohexane
C) vinyl chloride
D) both A and B

Question 7

In sickle-cell anemia patients, ________ type(s) of amino acid has been replaced by another amino acid.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 10
D) all

Question 8

The monomer used in making PVC is ________.

A) chloroethene
B) chloroethane
C) chloroethyne
D) chlorbenzene

Question 9

Which of the following is a polysaccharide?

A) sucrose
B) starch
C) glucose
D) DNA

Question 10

The bond found between the monomers in Nylon-66 is a(n) ________ bond.

A) amide
B) ester
C) ketone
D) alcohol

Question 11

DNA molecules, as found in human cells, are best described as ________.

A) a large, single-stranded molecule made of proteins
B) a large, double-stranded molecule that contains phosphate groups, carbohydrate units, and bases from amino acids
C) a polysaccharide
D) a large, double-stranded molecule made of amino acids

Question 12

The number of amino acids that a human body cannot synthesize is ________.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 13

The term used to describe a substance with a medium number of amino acids is ________.

A) peptide
B) polypeptide
C) protein
D) polymer

Question 14

Which of the following may be classified as a natural biopolymer?

A) starch
B) protein
C) DNA
D) all of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is not an amine base present in DNA?

A) thymine
B) alanine
C) cytosine
D) guanine

Question 16

The essential amino acids are ________.

A) the amino acids that make all proteins known on earth
B) the amino acids that the body can synthesize
C) the amino acids that the body cannot synthesize
D) the amino acids that get metabolized

Question 17

Which of the following statements about a DNA molecule is incorrect?

A) All DNA molecules are made from a repeating unit consisting of a phosphate group, a sugar group, and an amine base.
B) Complementary base pairs in DNA molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds.
C) Normal DNA is double-stranded and helical in shape.
D) Complementary bases in DNA molecules are held together by covalent bonds.

Question 18

The monomer used to make Teflon is ________.

A) tetrafluoroethane
B) tetrafluoroethene
C) tetrafluorooctane
D) tetrafluorobenzene

Question 19

The number of amino acids that are used to build all proteins is ________.

A) 4
B) 10
C) 20
D) 30

Question 20

What two functional groups are found at the ends of any protein structure?

A) alcohol and amine
B) amine and carboxylic acid
C) alcohol and carboxylic acid
D) amine and aldehyde

Question 21

The human body is able to synthesize as much of every type of amino acid as it needs.

Question 22

Sucrose is the smallest building block for carbohydrates.

Question 23

Nylon contains only one type of monomer.

Question 24

What is the biomolecule found in the shell of a virus?

A) carbohydrate
B) DNA
C) fatty acid
D) protein

Question 25

The complete human genetic "blueprint" (the human genome) was determined many years ago, and is really not all that complicated.

Question 26

Polymers are very large molecules.

Question 27

Teflon is synthesized with a monomer containing carbons and chlorines.

Question 28

Only 10 different amino acids are needed to build every type of protein molecule found in humans.

Question 29

Through the "genetic engineering" of human DNA, it is hoped that someday a wide variety of diseases can be prevented or cured.

Question 30

It is possible to splice specific pieces of DNA between two different types of living organisms.

Question 31

Human DNA molecules consist of just a single strand, just like protein molecules.

Question 32

Which of the following does not appear in a DNA strand?

A) deoxyribose sugar
B) phosphate
C) amino acids
D) amine base

Question 33

All amino acids are made of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

Question 34

Viruses are not living organisms.

Question 35

What is the complementary DNA strand of ATCGATT?

A) ATCGATT
B) TTAGCTA
C) CGATCGG
D) TAGCTAA

Question 36

DNA molecules contain four specific base pair codes, which can be assigned to the individual amino acids.

Question 37

DNA molecules contain codes from which proteins and other materials can eventually be synthesized.

Question 38

Which of the following nucleic acids is not found in DNA?

A) guanine
B) uracil
C) cytosine
D) adenine

Question 39

Amino acids are the smallest building blocks for proteins.

Question 40

Lysine is considered an essential amino acid.

Question 41

Match the plastic with the monomer.

-nylon

A)hexanedioic acid and 1,6-diaminohexane
B)chloroethene
C)tetrafluoroethene
D)propylene oxide
E)ethene

Question 42

Cellulose and starch are both polysaccharides of glucose. Explain why humans can consume and digest starch but not cellulose.

Question 43

Match the plastic with the monomer.

-Teflon

A)hexanedioic acid and 1,6-diaminohexane
B)chloroethene
C)tetrafluoroethene
D)propylene oxide
E)ethene

Question 44

Assume the following three-base code system is true: Construct the amino acid sequence coded by the following piece of a DNA molecule:
T T A A T A G C C G C C G A C

Question 45

Match the plastic with the monomer.

-PVC

A)hexanedioic acid and 1,6-diaminohexane
B)chloroethene
C)tetrafluoroethene
D)propylene oxide
E)ethene

Question 46

Construct the complementary strand of this piece of a DNA molecule:
T T A C C G T G C C A T A G C

Question 47

Assume the following three-base code system is true: Construct the amino acid sequence coded by the following piece of a DNA molecule:
G T A T T A G C C C T A T T A G A C C C T

Question 48

Construct a polypeptide consisting of alanine, valine, and serine. Circle the peptide bonds. The structures of the amino acids (prior to linkage) are shown below:

Question 49

Write the three-letter, abbreviated amino acid sequence of this polypeptide (review the figure in the text that shows the structures of the various amino acid residues while doing this exercise):

Question 50

Assume the following three-base code system is true: Construct the amino acid sequence coded by the following piece of a DNA molecule:
A T A T T A G A C G C C C C T G T A T T A

Question 51

Match the plastic with the monomer.

-Polyethylene

A)hexanedioic acid and 1,6-diaminohexane
B)chloroethene
C)tetrafluoroethene
D)propylene oxide
E)ethene

Question 52

Match the plastic with the monomer.

-polypropylene oxide

A)hexanedioic acid and 1,6-diaminohexane
B)chloroethene
C)tetrafluoroethene
D)propylene oxide
E)ethene

Question 53

Connect three monomeric chloroprene units to make a short segment of the polymer neoprene, polychloroprene. The structure of chloroprene is below.

Question 54

Connect three monomeric styrene units to make a short segment of the polymer polystyrene. The structure of styrene is below.

Question 55

Construct the complementary strand of this piece of a DNA molecule:
G T A C C T T G G T A A T T G

Question 56

Connect three monomeric acrylonitrile units to make a short segment of the polymer polyacrylonitrile. The structure of acrylonitrile is below.

Question 57

Think for a moment about the terms "polymer" and "polysaccharide." Is it right to refer to polysaccharides as "nature's polymers"? Why or why not?

Question 58

Contrast the terms "monomer" and "monosaccharide." What types of materials are usually constructed from monomers? What types of materials are usually made from monosaccharides?

Question 59

Draw the repeating, monomeric unit of Kevlar, a polyamide made from terephthalic acid and 1,4-diaminobenzene. These compounds are pictured below:

Question 60

Identify the monomeric unit in the following polymer structure: