Deck 13: Intervention: Children and Adolescents

Question 1

_______ is any consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

A) Positive punishment
B) Negative punishment
C) Negative reinforcement
D) Positive reinforcement

Answer 1

Positive reinforcement

Question 2

Many of risk factors in developing psychopathology in children or youth involve conditions over which the young person has

A) very limited control.
B) too many options to chose from.
C) been given too much responsibility.
D) Allowed others to tell him/her what to do.

Answer 2

very limited control.

Question 3

Although legal consent to receive services is a necessary condition for treatment, it is

A) also sufficient to ensure cooperation with the services.
B) also essential for a therapist to predict the future actions of the client in the intake process.
C) not sufficient to ensure cooperation with the services.
D) not at all important.

Answer 3

not sufficient to ensure cooperation with the services.

Question 4

Discipline includes:

A) Breaking behaviors into small sets
B) Limit setting
C) Mild sanctions
D) Both B & C

Question 5

In the treatment of adolescent depression, attention is also focused on interpersonal issues. Thus most effective treatments of childhood disorders fall under the umbrella of

A) behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, and interpersonal approaches.
B) cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and family system approaches.
C) behavioral, interpersonal, and humanistic approaches.
D) cognitive-behavioral, family system, and humanistic approaches.

Question 6

Parent Management Training (PMT) is based on social learning theory and the assumption that

A) all behavior a child exhibits is due of the social environment they are most often surrounded by.
B) oppositional behavior can be changed by modifying the social environment rather than by working directly with the child.
C) all behavior a child exhibits can be improved by teaching the parents how to be better parents.
D) oppositional behavior can not be changed by modifying the social environment nor in working directly with the child.

Question 7

Parent motivation seems to be a necessary condition for the young person to attend psychological services,

A) and is the number one indicator of the child's future mental health.
B) but is not sufficient for positive change to be achieved.
C) and is sufficient for positive change to be achieved.
D) but does not matter if they are older than 40 years of age.

Question 8

Lists of rules that parents set for their children must be realistic, taking into account the child's

A) developmental level, circumstances, any special needs.
B) expectations, child's desires, any special needs.
C) developmental level, child's expectations, circumstances.
D) expectations, circumstances, child's desires.

Question 9

Parents seeking mental health services for their children's oppositional behaviors often report that their interactions with their children are very negative. The list of potential social reinforcers is very long, and includes

A) smiles
B) attention
C) verbal encouragement
D) all of the above

Question 10

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) reflects a pattern of

A) constant battling between the child and his/her siblings or peers, usually evident before the age of 10 years.
B) occasional aggressive behavior characterized by occasional public outburst, usually evident before the age of 8 years.
C) persistent negativistic and hostile behavior that is usually evident before the age of 8 years.
D) progressively rude and violent behavior in social settings, usually evident before the age of 10 years.

Question 11

_______ implies that an evidence-based treatment yields equivalent results for ethnic minority youth, whereas _______ implies that the treatment is not as powerful when applied to ethnic minority youth and requires adaptation.

A) Significance, ethnic disparity
B) Ethnic disparity, ethnic invariance
C) Ethnic invariance, non-significance
D) Ethnic invariance, ethnic disparity

Question 12

According to parent management training, maladaptive patterns of parent-child interaction encourage

A) parents to engage in inappropriate behaviors.
B) children to engage in inappropriate behaviors.
C) neither parents nor children to engage in inappropriate behaviors.
D) both parents and children to engage in inappropriate behaviors

Question 13

Jorge, a minor, generally understood the nature of his problems and was not willing to be involved in any treatment aimed at ameliorating his distress. The psychologist explained both the likely benefits of therapy and the likely prognosis if his problems went untreated. Again, Jorge understood these things. According to the laws regarding competency to consent to health services in the jurisdiction, the psychologist had no choice but to

A) have the child incarcerated until he was willing to participate in treatment.
B) convince the parents that there must be a better psychologist out there for their son.
C) tell the child that there are no other options.
D) explain to the parents that their son was not willing to engage in treatment.

Question 14

Oppositional defiant disorder is less severe than

A) Conduct disorder
B) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
C) Insomnia
D) Parental psychosis

Question 15

Children and youth rarely refer themselves for psychological services Instead, young people are brought for psychological services by adults who

A) are troubled or concerned by the young person's behavior.
B) are seeing a therapist themselves.
C) have the money to do so.
D) think the young person is otherwise going to join a gang.

Question 16

There can be poor agreement between parents and youth about the goals for psychological services. Typically, the

A) parent has too high of expectations.
B) parent doesn't understand why the child misbehaves.
C) child or youth may not believe there is a problem.
D) child or youth doesn't believe therapy is of use.

Question 17

Parents must establish simple rules on which they agree and which they are willing to impose consistently. Rules for child behavior are basic guidelines about daily living, including the

A) child's expected homework grades, bedtimes, and amount of snack food allowed.
B) child's responsibilities and chores, amount of snack food allowed, and which television shows are acceptable.
C) child's expected homework grades, daytime routines, and respectful ways of interacting.
D) child's expected homework grades, daytime routines, and which television shows are acceptable.

Question 18

Five parenting practices that are associated with the development of prosocial behavior:

A) skill encouragement, discipline, monitoring, goal-setting, selective punishment
B) skill encouragement, discipline, monitoring, problem-solving, positive involvement
C) Discipline, problem-solving, goal-setting, selective punishment, strict bed-time
D) discipline, problem-solving, goal-setting, selective punishment, strict bed-time

Question 19

A coercive exchange is when a parent

A) unintentionally rewards the child for whining or aggression and the child rewards the parent for giving in to his or her complaints.
B) intentionally rewards the child for whining or aggression and the child rewards the parent for giving in to his or her complaints.
C) allows a child to continue to whine or show aggression until his/her sibling tells them to "Be quiet!"
D) allows a child to do whatever he/she wants.

Question 20

_______ constitutes the most common reason for which adults refer children and youth for mental health services.

A) Hearing voices
B) Disruptive behavior
C) Imaginary friends
D) School-related problems

Question 21

Adolescent Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders are best treated by:

A) Psychoanalysis
B) Individual CBT
C) Humanistic therapy
D) Mindfulness training

Question 22

Multisystemic Therapy (MST) is an approach designed to treat

A) mildly disturbed delinquent adolescents by intervening in an integrated way in the multiple systems in which they are involved.
B) seriously disturbed delinquent adolescents by disrupting the different systems in which they are involved.
C) mildly disturbed delinquent adolescents by disrupting the different systems in which they are involved.
D) seriously disturbed delinquent adolescents by intervening in a societally integrated way in the multiple systems in which they are involved

Question 23

By the age of 18, 1 in 5 young people will have experienced an episode of ______, which is a chronic recurrent disorder that is associated with difficulties in peer relationships, poorer school functioning, and troubled family relationships.

A) mania
B) attention deficit disorder
C) schizophrenia
D) major depressive disorder

Question 24

Important findings on empirically supported treatments are generally published in:

A) Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology
B) Journal of Clinical Youth Psychology
C) Journal of Psychology in Young Persons
D) Journal of Anti-Geriatric Psychology

Question 25

Coping with depression in adolescence behavioral interventions include

A) increasing pleasant activities.
B) decreasing pleasant activities.
C) increasing introspection.
D) decreasing introspection.

Question 26

The first line of treatment for youth with moderate or severe depression is individual CBT, IPT, or short-term family therapy. According to the guidelines, antidepressant medication

A) should never be offered.
B) should be offered only for in-patient treatment.
C) should be the last-resort option.
D) should only be offered in combination with a psychological treatment.

Question 27

It is assumed that there are genetic risk factors for depression that, when combined with maladaptive learned thoughts and behaviors, ______ the chances of experiencing clinically significant depressive symptoms

A) decrease
B) increase
C) do not change
D) diminish completely

Question 28

Guidelines recommend that antidepressant medication not be prescribed to treat mild depression. Instead,

A) non-directive supportive therapy or group CBT is recommended.
B) meditation and yoga practice should be initiated.
C) strict, daily psychoanalysis should begin immediately.
D) the client should be admitted for in-patient supervision.

Question 29

_______ is a central activity that is introduced at the beginning of the Coping with Depression in Adolescence program and is continued throughout the course of services

A) Mindfulness
B) Mood monitoring
C) Journaling
D) Taking medication

Question 30

A fundamental characteristic of the multi-systemic therapeutic approach is that

A) treatment effectiveness is evaluated continuously from the perspective of multiple stakeholders.
B) treatment effectiveness is evaluated at the beginning of treatment and again at the end from the perspective of multiple stakeholders.
C) treatment effectiveness is assumed because of the strong research base it comes from.
D) treatment effectiveness is evaluated by only the young person receiving treatment.

Question 31

The ________ approach presents material in a similar way to the way other subjects are taught in school. This style of conveying material is assumed to be less stigmatizing to young people who may feel very uncomfortable with the idea of receiving treatment of a mental disorder.

A) psychopharmacological
B) family systems
C) individualized
D) psychoeducational

Question 32

Coping with depression in adolescence cognitive techniques include

A) promoting aggressive behavioral release.
B) increasing social activities.
C) decreasing social activities.
D) promoting the use of positive self-talk

Question 33

The goals of the multi-systemic therapy approach are

A) positive and retrospective.
B) positive and future oriented.
C) neutral and retrospective.
D) neutral and future oriented.

Question 34

By learning to use _______ reinforcers (e.g., importance of peer group) and by understanding the importance of fading out the use of _______ reinforcers (items they wish to have), parents learn to intentionally use reinforcers without being haunted by the unrealistic fear of turning their child into a monster who will only behave well if bribed.

A) material, social
B) material, negative
C) social, material
D) negative, social

Question 35

Patterson's approach offers mild punishment as an effective response to misbehavior. Punishment involves ______ - this can include a range of losses according to the child's age and preferences.

A) withdrawal of reinforcers
B) addition of reinforcers
C) spanking
D) extra household chores

Question 36

Coping with depression in adolescence management of affective component involves

A) increasing self-examination.
B) learning strategies such as relaxation techniques.
C) decreasing social activities.
D) promoting participation in community events.

Question 37

Although adolescent depression is a serious problem, in contrast to the wealth of research on the treatment of adult depression, the literature with respect to depression in young people is less extensive. Reviews of this literature have concluded that there is support for ______ forms of therapy.

A) cognitive-behavioral therapy & psychoanalysis
B) psychoanalysis & humanistic therapy
C) cognitive-behavioral therapy & interpersonal therapy
D) humanistic therapy & cognitive-behavioral therapy

Question 38

Autism is best treated by:

A) Psychoanalysis
B) Individual behavioral parental training
C) Intensive behavioral training
D) Individual interpersonal therapy

Question 39

Parents may be involved in coping with depression in adolescence therapy by developing their parenting,

A) time management, and communication skills.
B) conflict resolution, and time management.
C) conflict resolution, and communication skills.
D) time management and authoritative skills.

Question 40

Multi-systemic therapy uses a behavioral approach that is designed to integrate services, so that

A) deficits in one area will not generalize to other contexts.
B) gains in one area will stay specific to that context.
C) gains in one area will generalize to other contexts.
D) deficits in one area will stay specific to that context.

Question 41

Modular treatment (as discussed in your text on treatment of children and adolescents) refers to:

A) Combining the module of psychotherapy with the module of medication
B) The creation of a step-by-step treatment plan that focused on the manual of treatment
C) Emphasis on different elements of positive reinforcement
D) Individualizing treatments for children that draws from several evidence based treatments to address several problems

Question 42

Disruptive Behavior Disorders are often treated by:

A) Individual interpersonal therapy
B) Individual and/or group CBT
C) Psychoanalysis
D) Multisystemic training

Question 43

Exposure to Traumatic Events are treated through:

A) CBT
B) IRS
C) CNS
D) Psychoanalysis

Question 44

Theory that examines a young person's functioning within the multiple contexts and systems in which he or she lives is known as:

A) Ecological theory
B) Cognitive Behavioral Theory
C) Ethnic theory
D) Family systems theory

Question 45

Substance abuse disorders in children and youth are NOT treated though:

A) Family therapy
B) CBT
C) Psychoanalysis
D) Multisystemic therapy

Question 46

Childhood depression is NOT treated by:

A) Individual CBT
B) IPT
C) Multisystemic therapy
D) Group CBT

Question 47

Langer et al found that using treatment manuals with children interfered with the development of the therapeutic alliance:

Question 48

Parents' awareness and tracking of a child's activities, and the way the parent monitors shifts as the child develops is known as:

A) Adolescent monitoring
B) Parental monitoring
C) Helicopter parenting
D) Over-involved family system

Question 49

A parenting strategy that does not allow a child access to reinforcers for misbehaving is known as:

A) Spanking
B) Helicoptering
C) Rewarding
D) Time-out

Question 50

ADD and ADHD are treated through different therapies such as:

A) Multisystemic training
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Individual CBT
D) Intensive peer-focused behavioral interventions

Question 51

It is especially important to monitor a child's progress in therapy over time because:

A) Empirically-based treatments require individual adjustments when clients are not getting better.
B) Children stop trying.
C) Parents might not be reinforcing therapy at home.
D) Many therapists aren't as effective with children.

Question 52

Phobias and Anxiety Disorders are often treated through:

A) Humanistic therapy
B) Mindfulness training
C) Psychoanalysis
D) CBT