Deck 8: Psychology of Violence and Intimidation

Question 1

UCR data indicate that __________ accounts for the smallest share of violent crime, where __________ accounts for the largest share of violent crime.

A) burglary; forcible rape
B) assault; nonnegligent homicide
C) rape; simple robbery
D) murder; aggravated assault

Answer 1

murder; aggravated assault

Question 2

According to the text, human violence is ultimately a _____ behavior.

A) transitional
B) persistent
C) static
D) learned

Answer 2

learned

Question 3

All of the following are examples of behavior that can be considered workplace violence except

A) threatening to hit a colleague during a staff meeting.
B) drinking alcohol on the job.
C) pointing a gun at one's supervisor.
D) sexually assaulting a coworker in the parking lot.

Answer 3

drinking alcohol on the job.

Question 4

Which statement best summarizes current statistics on gun violence in the U.S.?

A) The majority of gun-related deaths are not criminal offenses.
B) The number of firearm homicides is directly proportional to each state's gun safety legislation.
C) Handguns account for the greatest majority of both fatal and nonfatal incidents in the U.S.
D) Firearm violence has been substantially decreasing since 1999.

Question 5

Hostile attribution bias is to a __________ factor as violent media exposure is to a __________ factor.

A) biological; situational
B) situational; biological
C) cognitive; socialization
D) socialization; cognitive

Question 6

Which four crimes in the UCR comprise the U.S. violent crime rate?

A) Homicide, rape, burglary, and assault
B) Murder, nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault
C) Forcible rape, statutory rape, murder, and manslaughter
D) Assault, burglary, forcible rape, and homicide

Question 7

Which of the following is associated with heavy exposure to media violence?

A) Increased fear of becoming a victim
B) An understanding that violence is an ineffective problem-solving strategy
C) Increased sensitivity to violence and aggressive behavior
D) The misconception that most people are trustworthy and kind

Question 8

Researchers agree that both __________ factors and __________factors are important in understanding violence.

A) behavioral; economic
B) individual; environmental
C) passive; active
D) psychological; psychiatric

Question 9

What is the primary difference between violence and aggression?

A) Aggression is present at birth while violence is a learned behavior
B) Aggression may not involve force while violence does
C) Violence is legal while aggression is illegal
D) Violence is psychological while aggression is physiological

Question 10

Huesmann et al. (2003) found that exposure to media violence seems to have __________ effects on adults and __________ effects on children.

A) short-term; long-term
B) inconsequential; deleterious
C) desensitizing; intermediary
D) intentional; unintentional

Question 11

A 2002 study by Woodworth and Porter surprisingly found that

A) both psychopaths and nonpsychopaths were highly reactive.
B) psychopaths who murdered displayed considerable empathy for their victims.
C) psychopaths who murdered had an intimate relationship with their victims.
D) a high level of instrumental violence characterized all homicides.

Question 12

Which category of risk factors is essential to preventing school violence?

A) School-related factors
B) Individual factors
C) Family factors
D) Peer-related factors

Question 13

A student who receives a note in her locker that states "this school would be better off without you here" has received a __________ school threat.

A) indirect
B) veiled
C) direct
D) conditional

Question 14

Which of the following statements is a finding from the Safe School Initiative report?

A) The majority of school shooters acted impulsively after an extreme bullying incident.
B) Most school shooters in the United States had easy access to guns.
C) Most school shooters acted alone and did not disclose their plan to others.
D) The majority of first responders in school shootings were law enforcement officers who had relationships with the victims.

Question 15

When studying ethnoracial differences in violence, the authors caution forensic psychologists to be aware of the tendency to view others through their own cultural perspective. This bias is referred to as

A) ethnocentrism.
B) sublimation.
C) hedonism.
D) leakage.

Question 16

Many of the children at Pineview Middle School are unsure about their school's policy on bullying and don't report threats because they are afraid of repercussions from other students. This illustrates a __________ factor called __________.

A) family; tolerance for disrespectful behavior
B) individual; inequitable discipline
C) peer-related; inflexible culture
D) school-related; code of silence

Question 17

Which of the following factors is considered a biological cause of violence?

A) Exposure to lead paint
B) Exposure to violent media images
C) Exposure to crowded conditions
D) Exposure to weapons

Question 18

Dylan is a 7-year-old boy who watches violent television such as Walking Dead and Game of Thrones marathons. Which factor will have the greater negative impact on his observational learning over the long haul?

A) Dylan believes the violence is rewarded
B) The shows are rated as highly violent
C) Dylan's parents watch the shows with him
D) The characters walk a thin line between good and evil

Question 19

According to Schihadeh and Barranco, which change in Latino communities may lead to an increase in violence?

A) An increased participation in the labor force
B) A shift in migration patterns from large communities to less established communities
C) A decrease in the availability of social service programs that target low income Latinos
D) A decentralization of the Latino nuclear family

Question 20

Another term for reactive violence is __________ violence.

A) impulsive
B) expressive
C) provoked
D) instrumental

Question 21

The time interval in between killings in a serial murder is called the

A) cooling-off period.
B) transitional period.
C) intermediary event.
D) spree event.

Question 22

Fox and Levin (2003) found that, compared to the general population, serial killers

A) have a larger amygdala.
B) have exceptional interpersonal skills.
C) are healthier and more physically fit.
D) are clinically mentally ill.

Question 23

Why do serial killers rarely use guns to kill their victims?

A) They don't have easy access to guns.
B) They aren't comfortable with violence.
C) They prefer methods that provide control and dominance.
D) They prefer to leave their victims clean for trophy collecting.

Question 24

Given research findings on murder, which statement would be least accurate?

A) Most murders are a single-incident offense.
B) Most murders involve more than one victim.
C) Most murders are committed during the course of committing another offense.
D) Most murders are perpetrated against an acquaintance.

Question 25

Compared to single-victim murderers, serial killers

A) are more physically attractive.
B) choose younger victims.
C) begin killing at a later age.
D) kill family members and close friends.

Question 26

In 1994, the Hate Crime Statistics Act was amended to include

A) gender.
B) sexual orientation.
C) religion.
D) physical and mental disabilities.

Question 27

Which individual is at greatest risk for workplace violence?

A) A postal worker
B) A retail worker
C) A correctional officer
D) A high school teacher

Question 28

According to Rosenfeld and Harmon (2002), which two factors are significant predictors of stalking violence?

A) Prior criminal history and violent behavior
B) Violent threats and drug use
C) Presence of mental disorder and prior criminal history
D) Age of the stalker and presence of a mental disorder

Question 29

The UCR's murder rate is based on

A) police investigations.
B) coroners' reports.
C) court determinations.
D) medical examiner reports.

Question 30

Which scenario describes the majority of homicide-suicide murders in the United States?

A) A male who kills a female relative then kills himself
B) A male who kills a stranger in a bar brawl and then kills himself
C) A female who kills her child(ren) and then herself
D) A female who kills her batterer husband and then kills herself

Question 31

Classic and family are two types of __________ murder.

A) spree
B) mass
C) serial
D) multiple

Question 32

All of the following statements accurately describe multiple murderers except

A) they are more common than single victim murderers.
B) the media often sensationalizes their crimes.
C) until recently, researchers assumed they were similar to single-victim offenders.
D) there is sparse empirical research on multiple murderers.

Question 33

Criminal psychopaths are more likely to commit __________, whereas non-psychopathic offenders are more likely to commit __________ violence.

A) instrumental; reactive
B) reactive; instrumental
C) expressive; situational
D) situational; expressive

Question 34

Physical workplace violence is classified according to

A) the level of violence involved.
B) the perpetrator
C) the type of business or industry
D) the perpetrator's relationship to the workplace.

Question 35

The most frequent victims of workplace homicide are

A) law enforcement officers.
B) bartenders.
C) retail workers.
D) postal workers.

Question 36

Which answer choice describes the difference between mass murder and serial murder?

A) Mass murder involves at least five victims, where serial murder involves victims or less.
B) Mass murder involves victims that are known to the perpetrator where serial murder involves unknown victims.
C) Serial murder involves a sexual component, whereas mass murder does not.
D) Serial murder involves a cooling off period, where mass murder does not.

Question 37

According to Homes and DeBurger's serial killer typology, which type is driven to kill by delusions or hallucinations?

A) Visionary
B) Mission-oriented
C) Hedonistic
D) Power

Question 38

According to Holmes and DeBurger's serial killer typology, which type may further be divided into the subtypes of lust, thrill and comfort?

A) Visionary
B) Mission-oriented
C) Hedonistic
D) Power

Question 39

The majority of research on serial killers is based on

A) objective measures.
B) case studies.
C) empirical research.
D) surveys and interviews.

Question 40

Negligent supervision and inadequate security are examples of

A) threat assessments.
B) employee abuse.
C) reasonable accommodations.
D) workplace violence litigation.

Question 41

The Safe School Initiative found that most school shooters in the U.S. easily obtained a gun from their home or the home of a relative.

Question 42

The majority of school shootings have been carried out by one or more students against others.

Question 43

According to criminal law, murder and manslaughter are the two major levels of criminal homicide.

Question 44

Research suggests that bullying and peer aggression are related to high

A) self-esteem.
B) isolation.
C) emotional intelligence.
D) social status.

Question 45

Anti-stalking laws exist in twenty U.S. states.

Question 46

The majority of workplace violence incidents end in death.

Question 47

Data indicate that a majority of hate crimes are directed at individuals and motivated by racial bias.

Question 48

A hate crime motivated by bias against a person with AIDS would be considered a __________ bias

A) gender
B) disability
C) sexual orientation
D) religious

Question 49

Mohandie, Meloy, Green-McGowan & Williams (2006) concluded that stalkers could be grouped into four categories based on

A) their thinking patterns.
B) the length of the stalking behavior.
C) their relationship to the victim.
D) their motives for stalking.

Question 50

Violence is a behavior that is acquired in early adulthood.

Question 51

Threat assessment involves the three basic functions of identify, manage, and treat.

Question 52

Ethnoracial differences in violent crime rates are not due to genetic or biological factors.

Question 53

The most common role of forensic psychologists who work in employment setting involves de-escalating rampage shooters.

Question 54

Gender discrepancies in violent offending are likely due to socialization and biological factors.

Question 55

Compare and contrast violence and aggression. Provide an example of each.

Question 56

Emma is a 12-year-old girl who has been watching her friend Mandy get bullied at school. Emma and her friends are worried about Mandy and want to stop the bullying. Given the research on bullying, what would you recommend that Emma and her friends do?

A) Ignore the bullying behavior
B) Befriend the bully
C) Engage in indirect forms of aggression
D) Intervene by defending Mandy

Question 57

Ted and Gretchen had been corresponded through a chat room for single parents with fibromyalgia. Last week, Gretchen was offered a daytime job and stopped communicating with Ted due to time constraints. Since then, Ted has sent Gretchen numerous threatening emails and two computer viruses. Ted seems to be engaging in

A) sexual harassment.
B) cyberstalking.
C) telecrime.
D) cyberviolence.

Question 58

Identify and briefly describe the four violent crimes reported in the UCR.

Question 59

Young children are especially susceptible to long term effects of media violence on aggressive behavior.

Question 60

UCR data indicates that males account for annual arrests rates for murder at a ratio of
9:1.

Question 61

List the four main areas of workplace violence litigation. Describe how this litigation impacts the role of forensic psychologists in the workplace.

Question 62

Choose one of the causes of violence discussed in the chapter. Explain the cause in detail and include examples in you answer.

Question 63

Compare and contrast spree murder, serial murder, and mass murder. Why have spree murderers received so little research attention?

Question 64

Discuss the reasons that hate crimes are so difficult to document.

Question 65

Explain the role school psychologists can play in reducing peer bullying. How important are parents and schools in preventing or promoting bullying behavior?

Question 66

Choose one of the stalker typologies discussed in the chapter. Describe the typology, identify the basis of the typology, and include what we know about the typology's validity.

Question 67

Discuss how the UCR may perpetuate racial stereotypes of criminal violence?

Question 68

What does research tell us about the effects of violent media? Include how these effects may, or may not vary according to age, length of exposure and type of media exposure.

Question 69

What are the two dominant explanations for gender discrepancies in violent offending?

Question 70

Define school shooting and school rampage. What are the limitations of each of these terms when used to refer to school violence?