Deck 16: Amnesia

Question 1

Amnesia is __________.

A) the loss of memories beyond what is expected in normal forgetting
B) only a result of physical injury
C) incurable
D) common only in younger children

Answer 1

A

Question 2

After the initial onset of retrograde amnesia, the memories that are lost __________.

A) are never recovered
B) are recovered, up to a point in time
C) are completely recovered
D) are recovered only with intensive therapy

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In retrograde amnesia, there is a graded memory loss. This means what?

A) There is a consistent grade of memory loss across time.
B) Memories are lost as a graded function of their relationship to the amnesia-causing event.
C) Older memories are relatively well-preserved, but newer memories are lost.
D) Older memories are lost, but newer memories are relatively well-preserved.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Amnesia refers to __________.

A) the complete loss of memory
B) the loss of autobiographical memory
C) the loss of memory beyond normal forgetting
D) the loss of short-term memory

Question 5

The inability to acquire new memories is referred to as ____________ amnesia, whereas the inability to retrieve old memories is referred to as ____________ amnesia.

A) global; retrograde
B) anterograde; procedural
C) procedural; global
D) anterograde; retrograde

Question 6

Long-term memory amnesia includes all EXCEPT __________.

A) retrograde amnesia
B) transient global amnesia
C) anterograde amnesia
D) episodic amnesia

Question 7

Which of the following is something that is unlikely to cause amnesia?

A) blow to the head
B) alcoholism
C) stroke
D) a change in contextual information

Question 8

The famous faces test, current events questions, and personal history questions are frequently used to assess __________.

A) anterograde amnesia
B) psychogenic amnesia
C) retrograde amnesia
D) neurogenic amnesia

Question 9

The following are all probable sources of retrograde amnesia EXCEPT __________.

A) neurofibrillary plaques
B) electroconvulsive therapy
C) a stroke
D) a trauma to the head

Question 10

Anterograde amnesia is marked by __________.

A) an inability to acquire new procedural memories
B) a graded loss of old memories
C) unaffected explicit memory performance
D) intact implicit memory abilities

Question 11

The graded pattern of memory loss in amnesia is often said to follow __________.

A) neurogenesis
B) Weber's Law
C) Maxwell's theorem
D) Ribot's Law

Question 12

What is Ribot's Law?

A) a greater loss of older memories in retrograde amnesia
B) a greater loss of newer memories in retrograde amnesia
C) a flat function of memory loss in retrograde amnesia
D) the gradual recovery of lost memories in retrograde amnesia

Question 13

What sort of question is UNLIKELY to reveal whether a person has retrograde amnesia?

A) famous faces judgment
B) reporting the date
C) single-season TV program recognition

Question 14

What is true about electroconvulsive therapy?

A) It is no longer used on humans.
B) It can cause some retrograde amnesia.
C) It is still used as often as Prozac or Zoloft to treat mild depressive symptoms.
D) It cannot affect personal or autobiographical memory.

Question 15

In Lynch and Yarnell's study of head injuries in University of Colorado football players, retrograde amnesia __________.

A) was rarely observed
B) was observed immediately after an injury
C) was not observed immediately, but a few minutes after an injury
D) reversed its course during the entire football season

Question 16

What neurological process is disrupted, thereby producing retrograde amnesia?

A) consolidation
B) grafting
C) photogenesis
D) maximillary progression

Question 17

The amount of memory loss observed with electroconvulsive therapy is about __________.

A) 30 minutes
B) a few days
C) a few months
D) 10 years

Question 18

During retrograde amnesia, how do memories generally return?

A) Usually, only older memories return after many years.
B) Usually, only newer memories return after many years.
C) Usually, newer memories return after a few weeks while older memories return much later.
D) Usually, older memories return first, followed by newer memories later.

Question 19

Retrograde amnesia is primarily caused by a failure in __________.

A) memory consolidation
B) recognition processes
C) memory retrieval
D) recall processes

Question 20

In general, retrograde amnesia occurs by interrupting __________.

A) consolidation
B) recall
C) reduction
D) recognition

Question 21

What happens when people with anterograde amnesia try the mirror tracing task?

A) They never get better at the task, even though they remember learning it.
B) They don't remember learning it and they never get better.
C) They get better at the task, even though they don't remember learning it.
D) They remember learning it and they get better at it.

Question 22

At what age are people most likely to experience a transient global amnesia (TGA) episode?

A) 15-30
B) 55-70
C) 35-50
D) over 80

Question 23

How similar are various cases of anterograde amnesia?

A) They are all strikingly similar.
B) They are all completely different, with almost no overlap.
C) There is a great deal of individual variability.
D) It is completely unpredictable.

Question 24

What part of the brain is more likely damaged when anterograde amnesia occurs?

A) medulla
B) cerebellum
C) hippocampus
D) parietal lobe

Question 25

What type of memory appears to be preserved in anterograde amnesia?

A) explicit
B) declarative
C) procedural
D) episodic

Question 26

Is it possible for a person to learn to live a somewhat normal life with anterograde amnesia?

A) never
B) almost always
C) only in more mild cases of the condition
D) only in an institutional setting

Question 27

In the case of long-term memory anterograde amnesia, damage is mostly likely done to the __________.

A) parietal lobe and cerebellum
B) parietal lobe and hippocampus
C) temporal lobe and hippocampus
D) occipital lobe and amygdala

Question 28

What sort of task do anterograde amnesiacs learn in much the same way that normal people do?

A) word list learning
B) route finding
C) mirror tracing
D) random number generation

Question 29

Anterograde amnesia occurs as a result of damage to which of the following brain regions?

A) temporal lobe
B) frontal lobe
C) occipital lobe
D) parietal lobe

Question 30

What is one way that a person can acquire anterograde amnesia due to damage to the diencephalon?

A) blow to the head
B) cutting of the corpus collosum
C) removal of the hippocampus
D) Korsakoff's syndrome

Question 31

What are 2 basic kinds of anterograde amnesia?

A) medial temporal lobe and diencephalic
B) medial temporal lobe and cortical
C) orbital and cortical
D) diencephalic and orbital

Question 32

What is the relation between retrograde and anterograde amnesia?

A) There is no overlap.
B) The difference is only in the direction of time affected.
C) Both are almost always present to some degree.
D) Recovery from one is completely dependent on recovery from the other.

Question 33

H. M. suffered due to __________.

A) formation of a new personality
B) a blow to the brain during a boxing match
C) removal of the hippocampus
D) Korsakoff's syndrome

Question 34

Transient global amnesia is characterized by __________.

A) its impact on the frontal lobes
B) a similarity to anterograde amnesia
C) the great range of memory loss
D) its impact on working memory

Question 35

Based on studies with HM, what part of the brain can cause anterograde amnesia?

A) lateral prefrontal cortex
B) medial temporal lobe
C) dorsal occipital lobe
D) the superior parietal cortex

Question 36

What sort of condition is a person in during a TGA episode?

A) dense and extended memory loss
B) a confused state and semantically based memory loss
C) episodic memory but lucid, clear thinking
D) excited and agitated state with no awareness of the memory loss

Question 37

An inability to learn new information after an injury is called __________.

A) anterograde amnesia
B) transient global amnesia
C) retrograde amnesia
D) dissociative identity disorder

Question 38

How well do amnesiacs perform on a von Restorff memory task?

A) better than normals
B) about the same as normals
D) They cannot even get through to the end of the task.

Question 39

How does an anterograde amnesic like H.M. describe his or her daily experience?

A) Everything about the past is forgotten.
B) It feels like constantly waking up from a dream.
C) There is no awareness of the future.
D) The person is constantly brooding about his or her amnesia.

Question 40

What is the typical duration of a transient global amnesia (TGA) episode before a person returns to normal?

A) 1-2 hours
B) several days
C) 3-8 hours
D) several months

Question 41

What is the recency effect of a person with short-term memory amnesia?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 3
D) 7

Question 42

In psychogenic amnesia, what distinguishes repression from dissociative amnesia?

A) a traumatic event
B) threatening memory content
C) awareness of the memory loss
D) period of time of memory loss

Question 43

What are four ways that someone might become an amnesic?

Question 44

How profound can memory loss be during a TGA?

A) It is only ever very mild.
B) It can only reach a state in which there are patches of memory loss.
C) It can be quite extensive.
D) It generally affects older memories the most.

Question 45

What is the name of the psychogenic amnesia in which a person's identity and the memories accompanying that identity are disrupted?

A) repression
B) dissociative amnesia
C) dissociative fugue
D) dissociative identity disorder

Question 46

What is amnesia relative to normal forgetting?

Question 47

In dissociative identity disorder, what is a likely amnesia relationship between personalities?

A) asymmetric
B) temporally variable
C) completely absent
D) protoprogressive

Question 48

In people with short-term memory amnesia, what is the general state of long-term memory?

A) completely absent
B) severely damaged
C) little effect
D) organizational confusion

Question 49

What is the name of the psychogenic amnesia in which a person cannot remember traumatic events but is aware of this lack of memory, and may be disturbed by the inability to remember?

A) repression
B) dissociative amnesia
C) dissociative fugue
D) dissociative identity disorder

Question 50

Which is NOT true about psychogenic amnesia?

A) It is the loss of memory for life events or personal knowledge.
B) It is unrelated to clear physiological or neural changes.
C) It is typically permanent.
D) It is rare.
Short Answers

Question 51

What is the name for amnesia that has primarily psychological causes?

A) psychosomatic amnesia
B) psychogenic amnesia
C) mental amnesia
D) cognitive amnesia

Question 52

What is Ribot's Law in retrograde amnesia?

Question 53

What is the name of the psychogenic amnesia in which a person may lose the ability to consciously access memory when different identities are assumed without losing any particular identities?

A) repression
B) dissociative amnesia
C) dissociative fugue
D) dissociative identity disorder

Question 54

Damage to the parietal lobes near the frontal lobes may result in which kind of working memory deficit?

A) spatial information
B) verbal information
C) visual information
D) visual and spatial information

Question 55

What is the age range in which people typically experience transient global amnesia (TGA)?

Question 56

In a fugue state, a person is likely to have amnesia for what type of memories?

A) procedural
B) implicit
C) semantic
D) autobiographical

Question 57

The inability to acquire new memories is called ___________ amnesia, whereas the inability to retrieve old memories is called __________ amnesia.

Question 58

What happens with dissociative fugue?

A) Someone forgets his or her identity and goes to a new location.
B) Someone acts like he or she has many separate personalities.
C) Someone is unable to remember segments of information about his or her life.
D) People forget a traumatic experience to protect their egos.

Question 59

What is the best way to describe short-term memory amnesia?

A) confined to the phonological loop
B) confined to the visuo-spatial sketchpad
C) always includes both the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketchpad
D) typically involves either the phonological loop or the visuo-spatial sketchpad

Question 60

What is the name of the psychogenic amnesia in which a person's unconscious keeps threatening memories from entering consciousness?

A) repression
B) dissociative amnesia
C) dissociative fugue
D) dissociative identity disorder

Question 61

What are the characteristics of a psychogenic amnesia relative to a neurological one?

Question 62

What is the effect of short-term memory amnesia on long-term memory?

Question 63

What are the differences between amnesia caused by repression and that caused by dissociative amnesia?

Question 64

Typically, how long is a person amnesic when experiencing TGA?

Question 65

What are two long-term memory distinctions that are highlighted in anterograde amnesia? What is preserved and what is lost?