Deck 1: Introduction to Preliminary Diagnosis of Oral Lesions

Question 1

A small, circumscribed lesion, usually less than 1 cm in diameter, that is elevated or protrudes above the surface of normal surrounding tissue is termed a

A) papule.
B) macule.
C) vesicle.
D) bulla.

Answer 1

papule.

Question 2

Retrocuspid papillae are located on the

A) palate.
B) floor of the mouth.
C) gingival margin of the lingual aspect of mandibular cuspids.
D) canine eminence.

Answer 2

gingival margin of the lingual aspect of mandibular cuspids.

Question 3

Ectopic geographic tongue can be found in which location?

A) On the lateral border of the tongue
B) Within bone
C) On mucosal surfaces other than the tongue
D) The dorsal surface of the tongue

Answer 3

On mucosal surfaces other than the tongue

Question 4

Another name for geographic tongue is

A) median rhomboid glossitis.
B) benign migratory glossitis.
C) fissured tongue.
D) black hairy tongue.

Question 5

A lesion with a stemlike base is described as

A) sessile.
B) macular.
C) pedunculated.
D) lobulated.

Question 6

Which descriptive term is described as a segment that is part of the whole?

A) Bulla
B) Vesicle
C) Lobule
D) Pustule

Question 7

When antifungal therapy is used to treat angular cheilitis, which diagnostic process is being applied?

A) Microscopic
B) Laboratory
C) Surgical
D) Therapeutic

Question 8

Radiographic features, including cotton-wool radiopacities and hypercementosis, are especially helpful in the diagnosis of

A) Paget disease.
B) dentinogenesis imperfecta.
C) anemia.
D) diabetes.

Question 9

Which condition is considered a genetic/inherited disorder?

A) Linea alba
B) Amelogenesis imperfecta
C) Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
D) Internal resorption

Question 10

A lesion with a sessile base is described as

A) an ulcer.
B) stemlike.
C) pedunculated.
D) flat and broad.

Question 11

Which condition is diagnosed through clinical appearance?

A) Fordyce granules
B) Unerupted mesiodens
C) Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia
D) Traumatic bone cyst

Question 12

Which papillae are elongated in the condition black hairy tongue?

A) Circumvallate
B) Foliate
C) Filiform
D) Fungiform

Question 13

Which condition is not diagnosed through clinical appearance?

A) Mandibular tori
B) Fordyce granules
C) Black hairy tongue
D) Compound odontoma

Question 14

Which condition most likely responds to therapeutic diagnosis?

A) Angular cheilitis
B) Amelogenesis imperfecta
C) Paget disease
D) Stafne bone cyst

Question 15

This bony hard structure in the midline of the hard palate is genetic in origin and inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. The diagnosis is made through clinical appearance. Which condition is suspected?

A) Palatal cyst
B) Torus palatinus
C) Mixed tumor
D) Ranula

Question 16

A Stafne bone cyst contains

A) salivary gland tissue.
B) an empty void.
C) inflammatory cells.
D) an epithelium-lined cyst containing serous fluid.

Question 17

The gray-white opalescent film seen on the buccal mucosa of 85% of black adults is a variant of normal that requires no treatment and is termed

A) linea alba.
B) leukoedema.
C) leukoplakia.
D) white sponge nevus.

Question 18

In internal resorption, the radiolucency seen on radiographic examination is usually

A) well circumscribed.
B) diffuse.
C) multilocular.
D) unilocular.

Question 19

Which condition is not considered a variant of normal?

A) Fordyce granules
B) Leukoedema
C) Linea alba
D) Pyogenic granuloma

Question 20

The gingival enlargement in this patient was caused by a calcium channel blocker. Which medication is the likely cause?

A) Dilantin
B) Nifedipine
C) Quinidine
D) Clozapine

Question 21

Which term best describes an elevated, 5-mm soft tissue lesion containing serous fluid?

A) Macule
B) Vesicle
C) Lobule
D) Pustule

Question 22

A pathologic lesion found frequently in 30-year-old black women that requires a radiographic image and historical data for diagnosis is termed

A) verrucous vulgaris.
B) necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.
C) periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia.
D) amalgam tattoo.

Question 23

The variant of normal coloration seen on the mandibular gingival surface is termed

A) lingual varicosities.
B) leukoedema.
C) melanin pigmentation.
D) linea alba.

Question 24

It has been suggested that Candida albicans is associated with which condition?

A) Median rhomboid glossitis
B) Linea alba
C) Leukoedema
D) Retrocuspid papillae

Question 25

The following lesions can be identified radiographically except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Root resorption
B) Fordyce granules
C) Interproximal dental caries
D) Compound odontoma

Question 26

The following conditions most likely respond to therapeutic diagnosis except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Angular cheilitis
B) Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
C) Nutritional deficiencies
D) Stafne bone cyst

Question 27

Fordyce granules

A) are ectopic sebaceous glands.
B) are seen on the dorsal surface of the tongue.
C) require antibiotic treatment.
D) are lesions that require biopsy for diagnosis.

Question 28

When geographic tongue occurs on the dorsal tongue, the erythematous areas are described as

A) inflamed.
B) depapillated.
C) allergic.
D) fungal.

Question 29

Another term for an amalgam tattoo is a

A) melanoma.
B) focal argyrosis.
C) nevus.
D) multiple myeloma.

Question 30

Diagnosis of anemia is best accomplished through which examination?

A) Laboratory tests
B) Evaluation of the color of the gingiva
C) Bleeding on probing
D) Patient medical history

Question 31

Which finding is not apparent in leukoedema?

A) Intracellular edema in the spinous cells
B) Acanthosis of the epithelium
C) Generalized opalescence of the buccal mucosa
D) A white diffuse material on the buccal mucosa that can be wiped off

Question 32

An elevated serum alkaline phosphate level, significant in the diagnosis of Paget disease, is determined from which diagnostic category?

A) Laboratory
B) Therapeutic
C) Clinical
D) Surgical

Question 33

The base of this lesion is correctly described as

A) pedunculated.
B) lobule.
C) bulla.
D) sessile.

Question 34

A lesion with a pedunculated base is best described as

A) an ulcer.
B) stemlike.
C) pallor.
D) broad and flat.

Question 35

Which term is used to describe a radiographic lesion with borders that are specifically defined, revealing the exact margins and extent of the lesion?

A) Unilocular
B) Well circumscribed
C) Diffuse
D) Multilocular

Question 36

The radiographic appearance of a simple radicular cyst is best described as

A) coalescence.
B) diffuse.
C) multilocular.
D) unilocular.

Question 37

This torus palatinus is correctly described as

A) bullous.
B) papular.
C) lobulated.
D) nodular.

Question 38

A white lesion that cannot be rubbed off and cannot be diagnosed on the basis of clinical characteristics alone is termed

A) leukoplakia.
B) dentinogenesis imperfecta.
C) erythroplakia.
D) squamous cell carcinoma.

Question 39

These reddish-purple clusters observed on the ventral surface of the tongue and diagnosed through clinical observation are referred to as which variants of normal conditions?

A) Palatal cyst
B) Mandibular tori
C) Lingual varicosities
D) Ranula

Question 40

A radiolucency that "scallops around the roots of teeth" is often used to describe which condition?

A) Traumatic bone cyst
B) Stafne bone cyst
C) Lingual mandibular bone concavity
D) Median palatine cyst

Question 41

The pathologic lesion seen on the dorsal surface of the tongue is characteristic of

A) fissured tongue.
B) hairy tongue.
C) median rhomboid glossitis.
D) migratory glossitis.

Question 42

Where is the common intraoral location for leukoedema?

A) Lateral borders of the tongue
B) Soft palate and uvula
C) Floor of the mouth
D) Buccal mucosa

Question 43

Urticaria is an example of a(n)

A) genetic disorder.
B) developmental disturbance.
C) immediate response to an allergen.
D) immunodeficiency response.

Question 44

The term erythroplakia is best used in which context?

A) Microscopic
B) Laboratory
C) Surgical
D) Clinical

Question 45

A "white" hairy tongue indicates an increase in the amount of

A) keratin.
B) medications.
C) fluoride use.
D) HPV circulating in the blood.

Question 46

While obtaining diagnostic information from a patient, the dental hygienist learns that the appearance of this patient's teeth is familial. The correct diagnosis is

A) tetracycline staining.
B) pulpal dysplasia.
C) extrinsic staining.
D) dentinogenesis imperfecta.

Question 47

The lingual thyroid is most often found in which intraoral location?

A) Posterior to the circumvallate papillae in the midline of the tongue
B) Along the occlusal plane on the buccal mucosa
C) At the junction of the hard and soft palate
D) At the labial commissures

Question 48

A medical history of a patient prescribed a calcium channel blocker may reveal which condition?

A) Gingival enlargement
B) Cementoma
C) Paget disease
D) Ulcerative colitis

Question 49

Your patient is diagnosed with a lingual thyroid. What is the next step on the treatment plan?

A) Biopsy
B) Surgical removal
C) Thyroid scan
D) Radiographic evaluation

Question 50

Various sizes of circumscribed elevations that contain pus are termed

A) vesicles.
B) pustules.
C) papules
D) lobules

Question 51

Which term describes a lesion in which parts of a whole are joined together, or fused, to make one?

A) Fissured
B) Coalescence
C) Diffuse
D) Multilocular

Question 52

What is the radiographic appearance of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia in its earliest stage?

A) Radiolucent
B) Radiopaque
C) Radiolucent and radiopaque
D) Cotton-wool radiolucencies

Question 53

Each condition is considered benign and of unknown cause except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Hairy tongue
B) Amelogenesis imperfecta
C) Migratory glossitis
D) Fissured tongue

Question 54

The eight categories that provide information leading to a definitive diagnosis are as follows: microscopic, clinical, laboratory, surgical, differential findings, radiographic, therapeutic, and

A) etiology.
B) historical.
C) chief complaint.
D) treatment.

Question 55

Studies have linked the presence of a lingual thyroid in association with the following life events except one. Which is the exception?

A) Pregnancy
B) Infancy
C) Menopause
D) Puberty

Question 56

Leukoedema is a generalized opalescence appearing on the buccal mucosa; linea alba is a dark pigmented line appearing on the buccal mucosa.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Question 57

Each condition is considered a variant of normal except one. Which is the exception?

A) Melanin pigmentation
B) Linea alba
C) Geographic tongue
D) Retrocuspid papilla

Question 58

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with what condition?

A) Thrush
B) Tuberculosis
C) Verruca vulgaris
D) Herpangina

Question 59

All conditions are associated with lingual varicosities except one. Which is the exception?

A) Red to purple enlarged vessels
B) May be associated with varicosities in the legs
C) Age-related condition
D) May swell during eating

Question 60

Because of its size and location, patients with a lingual thyroid may complain of

A) dysphagia.
B) gingival inflammation.
C) intraoral ulcers.
D) tooth erosion.

Question 61

Which statement about a palatal torus is true?

A) A palatal torus is symptomatic.
B) A palatal torus appears as a radiolucent mass on a radiograph.
C) Palatal tori are typically bilateral, seen along the lingual side of the maxilla.
D) Palatal tori are inherited.

Question 62

Which term describes a lesion that displays a color different from surrounding tissue?

A) Bulla
B) Lobule
C) Macule
D) Papule

Question 63

Trying to establish the correct number of primary and permanent teeth present in a 7-year-old child may best be accomplished by which diagnostic component?

A) Clinical
B) Historical
C) Radiographic
D) Differential

Question 64

Benign migratory glossitis is a condition that does not remain static. What does this statement mean?

A) A variety of over-the-counter treatments are available for this condition.
B) Surgical intervention may be required.
C) Remission and changes in the surface of the tongue occur.
D) An intraoral habit is responsible for this condition.

Question 65

Serous fluid can typically be found in which lesion?

A) Bulla
B) Lobule
C) Macule
D) Papule