Deck 7: Nutrients Involved in Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Question 1

Diets high in sodium are associated with

A)breast cancer.
B)diabetes mellitus.
C)obesity.
D)high blood pressure.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The "command center" of fluid intake is located in the

A)kidneys.
B)adrenal glands.
C)skin.
D)hypothalamus.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The water that comes from lakes, rivers, and reservoirs is characterized as what kind of water?

A)surface
B)ground
C)spring
D)distilled

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What is the primary reason we sweat?

A)to maintain blood volume
B)to maintain sodium balance
C)to excrete waste products
D)to regulate body temperature

Question 5

Which of the following will likely result if the concentration of electrolytes outside the cell is higher than in the intracellular environment?

A)The cell will burst.
B)The cell will shrink and dry up.
C)The cell will undergo mitosis and divide.
D)The cell will be unaffected.

Question 6

MOST water is lost daily via the

A)skin.
B)lungs.
C)kidneys.
D)colon.

Question 7

What percentage of an adult's healthy body weight is fluid?

A)50 to 30
B)50
C)50 to 70
D)50 to 90

Question 8

Which of the following stimulates the thirst mechanism?

A)decreased concentration of solutes in the blood
B)elevated blood volume and pressure
C)dryness of the mouth and throat tissues
D)eating sweet-tasting foods

Question 9

Diets rich in which of the following nutrients are associated with maintaining healthy blood pressure levels?

A)sodium
B)chloride
C)potassium
D)phosphorus

Question 10

Hyponatremia is associated with

A)insufficient intake of dietary sodium.
B)excessive intake of dietary sodium.
C)dehydration.
D)overhydration.

Question 11

The ability of a muscle to contract and relax is dependent on the flow of what substance in and out of the muscle cell?

A)phosphorus
B)calcium
C)iron
D)chloride

Question 12

Matt has just been diagnosed with hypertension, and his physician has instructed him to reduce his sodium intake. Which of the following would be good advice for Matt?

A)Snack on fresh fruits and vegetables instead of salty snacks.
B)Do not rinse canned beans with cold water before eating.
C)Eat a variety of canned and dried soups.
D)Eat canned creamed corn instead of fresh.

Question 13

Which of the following is a major mineral?

A)sodium
B)iron
C)zinc
D)copper

Question 14

Insensible water loss includes water loss

A)during illness or trauma.
B)during intense exercise.
C)through respiration.
D)through urination.

Question 15

Water has a high heat capacity. What does this term mean?

A)Water is resistant to changes in temperature.
B)Water heats up or cools down very quickly.
C)Water provides a useful source of stored kilocalories.
D)Water transports the energy-yielding nutrients throughout the body.

Question 16

Which is NOT a symptom of low blood pressure?

A)stroke
B)confusion
C)dizziness
D)lethargy

Question 17

What is the function of synovial fluid?

A)maintains blood volume
B)transports nutrients through the body
C)lubricates body joints
D)maintains body temperature

Question 18

Ian is hospitalized for dehydration after experiencing severe vomiting and diarrhea. Which of the following is NOT associated with Ian's dehydrated condition?

A)Fluid will be lost from the extracellular fluid compartment.
B)The extracellular electrolyte concentration will be very low.
C)The intracellular fluid will leave the cells creating a fluid imbalance.
D)The fluid imbalance will result in an irregular heartbeat.

Question 19

Water is known as the universal solvent, which means that

A)water helps to regulate body temperature.
B)water helps to maintain blood volume.
C)water works as an excellent cleansing agent to flush toxins out of the body.
D)most solutes (particles)will dissolve in water.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Water freely moves across cell membranes.
B)Water and electrolytes move across the cell membranes only through protein channels.
C)Electrolytes freely move across cell membranes.
D)Water and electrolytes cannot move across cell membranes.

Question 21

Widely distributed in many foods, phosphorous is especially abundant in foods dense in

A)carbohydrate.
B)protein.
C)phytic acid.
D)fat.

Question 22

The majority of dietary chloride is consumed from

A)animal protein sources.
B)alcohol.
C)vitamin supplements.
D)table salt.

Question 23

Which of the following conditions can result in extra calcium being excreted in the urine?

A)pregnancy
B)low humidity
C)diuretic use
D)high sodium intake

Question 24

Which of the following foods contains the lowest amount of sodium?

A)1 medium fresh orange
B)1 cup of canned vegetable soup
C)1 large dill pickle
D)1 oz of potato chips

Question 25

Of the following ethnic groups, which has the highest risk of developing hypertension?

A)Caucasian
B)Asian
C)Hispanic
D)African American

Question 26

The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane toward solutes is called

A)osmosis.
B)filtration.
C)depolarization.
D)distillation.

Question 27

Which of the following conditions is NOT related to an electrolyte imbalance?

A)seizures
B)muscle cramps
C)heart attack
D)hypoglycemia

Question 28

The two electrolytes that enable nerves to respond to stimuli are sodium and

A)chloride.
B)potassium.
C)phosphorus.
D)iron.

Question 29

Which of the following do sodium and potassium NOT have in common?

A)Rich sources of both include fresh foods, such as bananas, cantaloupe, and potatoes.
B)Both participate in maintaining fluid balance.
C)Both are involved in nerve transmission.
D)Both are major electrolytes in the body.

Question 30

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding phosphorus?

A)Phosphorus from animal sources is more readily absorbed than the phosphorus from plant sources.
B)Humans absorb about 50% of the phosphorus from plant sources.
C)On average, Americans do not consume enough phosphorus in their diets.
D)Bacteria in the large intestine can break down the phosphorus from plant sources.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism to maintain the body's internal temperature?

A)Fluid acts as a coolant by increasing the blood flow from the warm body core to the peripheral tissue, thus cooling the body.
B)Fluid has a high capacity for heat, so it requires a great deal of energy to raise its temperature.
C)Fluid is evaporated as sweat from the skin's surface, thus cooling the body.
D)Warmed fluids from the body's surface return to the body's core, thus heating the body.

Question 32

The majority of our body's phosphorus is stored in the

A)kidneys.
B)bones.
C)blood.
D)liver.

Question 33

On average, which of the following individuals would have the highest percentage of body water?

A)35-year-old overweight man
B)35-year-old overweight woman
C)35-year-old lean man
D)35-year-old lean woman

Question 34

Which of the following individuals is at risk for hyperkalemia?

A)a marathon runner
B)a newborn
C)an individual who has a diet rich in processed foods
D)an individual with kidney disease

Question 35

Which of the following is a diuretic?

A)alcohol
B)milk
C)water
D)orange juice

Question 36

Which of the following does NOT describe tissue fluid?

A)fluid that flows between cells
B)fluid that is also called interstitial fluid
C)fluid that is found in the blood stream
D)synovial fluid found within joints

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a major function of sodium?

A)assists in muscle contraction
B)maintains fluid balance
C)maintains normal heart rhythm
D)maintains acid-base balance

Question 38

Mary drinks 600 milliliters of water. How many cups is this equivalent to?

A)1 cup
B)2 cups
C)2-1/2 cups
D)3 cups

Question 39

Which is NOT a function of chloride?

A)assists in regulating the body's fluid balance
B)transmits nerve impulses
C)in the form of hydrochloric acid, prepares food for digestion
D)used in public water supplies to kill harmful bacteria

Question 40

What is fluid that is found in-between cells?

A)intracellular fluid
B)interstitial fluid
C)intravascular fluid
D)synovial fluid

Question 41

The major electrolyte lost in sweat is

A)potassium.
B)phosphorus.
C)sodium.
D)chloride.

Question 42

Fluids move freely in and out of cells.

Question 43

A condition characterized by dangerously high potassium levels in the blood is

A)hyperkalemia.
B)hypokalemia.
C)hypernatremia.
D)hyponatremia.

Question 44

The major intracellular positively charged electrolyte is

A)sodium.
B)chloride.
C)potassium.
D)phosphorus.

Question 45

Major minerals are those that the body needs in how many mg per day?

A)more than 50 mg
B)more than 100 mg
C)more than 200 mg
D)more than 300 mg

Question 46

Typically, water moves from areas of low concentration of solutes toward areas of higher concentration of solutes.

Question 47

Which of the following is the fluid lost via sweating and respiration?

A)metabolic water
B)sensible water
C)insensible water
D)diuretic water

Question 48

The swelling of tissues associated with hypernatremia is known as

A)osmosis.
B)edema.
C)depolarization.
D)repolarization.

Question 49

Which of the following is a substance that increases fluid loss via the urine?

A)synovial fluid
B)plasma
C)a solvent
D)a diuretic

Question 50

Quenching thirst assures adequate fluid intake.

Question 51

The release of which of the following nutrients from extracellular fluid stimulates muscle contraction?

A)phosphorus
B)potassium
C)sodium
D)calcium

Question 52

A condition characterized by very high blood sodium levels is

A)hypernatremia.
B)hyponatremia.
C)hyperkalemia.
D)hypokalemia.

Question 53

Which of the following substances is characterized by its ability to move freely and adapt to the shape of the vessel that contains it?

A)an electrolyte
B)an ion
C)a fluid
D)a diuretic

Question 54

What is the region of the brain that regulates the sensation of thirst?

A)hippocampus
B)hypothalamus
C)cerebellum
D)pituitary gland

Question 55

Which of the following acids is major form of phosphorus found in plant foods?

A)hydrochloric acid
B)phytic acid
C)synovial acid
D)phosphoric acid

Question 56

The agency that sets and monitors standards for city water systems is the

A)Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
B)Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
C)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
D)U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).

Question 57

Lean tissue contains a lower percentage of fluid compared with fat tissue.

Question 58

A substance that is capable of dissolving a variety of compounds is known as a(n)

A)solvent.
B)solute.
C)diuretic.
D)electrolyte.

Question 59

Between 50 and 70% of an adult's body weight is comprised of fluid.

Question 60

Drinking eight glasses of fluid each day ensures that all healthy adults will meet their fluid needs.

Question 61

Two-thirds of body fluids consist of extracellular fluid.

Question 62

Phosphorus is a negatively charged electrolyte.

Question 63

Processed foods tend to be low in sodium and high in potassium.

Question 64

Extreme dehydration, vomiting, and diarrhea can result in hypokalemia.

Question 65

Sodium is an essential nutrient necessary for human health.

Question 66

Congestive heart failure and kidney disease are risk factors for hypernatremia.

Question 67

Eating too much sodium will result in hypernatremia in most healthy individuals.

Question 68

When solute concentrations are equal on both sides of the cell membrane, osmosis begins.

Question 69

Individuals with hypertension should limit their dietary sodium intake to less than 1.5 grams a day.

Question 70

We consume the majority of our dietary chloride from fruits and vegetables.

Question 71

Individuals taking diuretics should always increase their dietary potassium intake.

Question 72

The body obtains metabolic water directly by consuming fluids and foods.

Question 73

Most Americans exceed the dietary recommendations for sodium.

Question 74

Fruits and vegetables are rich sources of potassium.

Question 75

Lean individuals have a higher percentage of body water than obese individuals.

Question 76

Sodium and chloride are the predominant electrolytes in the extracellular fluid.

Question 77

Bottled water is safer to drink than tap water.

Question 78

The liquid portion of the bloods is called plasma.

Question 79

Less than half of a healthy body weight is fluid.

Question 80

A diet rich in potassium has been shown to help maintain a healthy blood pressure.