Deck 15: Nutrition Through the Lifecycle: Childhood to Late Adulthood

Question 1

Federal guidelines in the United States specify that school lunches must contain no more than what percentage of total Calories from saturated fat?

A)10 percent
B)15 percent
C)20 percent
D)25 percent

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What is the maximum percentage of total Calories from fat recommended for a preschooler?

A)10% of total energy
B)15% of total energy
C)35% of total energy
D)50% of total energy

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Obesity in children is defined as having a BMI at or above what percentile?

A)75th
B)85th
C)95th
D)100th

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following foods does NOT pose a choking hazard for children?

A)whole grapes
B)cherry tomatoes
C)raisins
D)yogurt

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a recommendation to avoid allergies in children?

A)If a child has a negative reaction to a food, never offer it to that child again.
B)Introduce new foods one at a time.
C)Rotate foods in the diet rather than serving them every day.
D)When introducing a new food, watch for any allergic reaction for a week before offering another new food.

Question 6

Peak bone mass is typically achieved in

A)late childhood.
B)early teens.
C)late teens and early twenties.
D)the late thirties.

Question 7

For proper growth and development, toddlers should consume a minimum of what percentage of their total daily energy intake as fat?

A)30 percent
B)45 percent
C)50 percent
D)55 percent

Question 8

Which of the following foods would be the BEST source of dietary calcium for a young toddler?

A)spinach
B)skim milk
C)whole milk
D)yogurt

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate weight control recommendation for an overweight 11-year-old?

A)Exercise for at least one hour a day.
B)Limit television watching to no more than two hours a day.
C)Consume appropriate portion sizes of foods.
D)Decrease caloric intake by 1,000 Calories a day.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT associated with developing toddlers' healthy eating habits?

A)snacking between meals
B)small portion sizes
C)rewarding meal completion with dessert
D)including toddlers in food shopping and preparation

Question 11

The development of which system is particularly dependent on adequate consumption of fat during the toddler years?

A)digestive
B)nervous
C)skeletal
D)urinary

Question 12

The most common nutrient deficiency in young children is caused by inadequate consumption of

A)calcium.
B)iron.
C)folate.
D)zinc.

Question 13

What are dental caries?

A)juvenile teeth
B)cavities
C)spotting on tooth enamel
D)spaces left following the loss of teeth

Question 14

What nutrient is added to municipal water supplies to promote healthy teeth formation?

A)fluoride
B)sodium
C)vitamin D
D)zinc

Question 15

Janie is four years old. What serving size of green beans would you recommend for her?

A)2 tablespoons
B)3 tablespoons
C)4 tablespoons
D)6 tablespoons

Question 16

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends the intake of fruit juice be limited to a maximum of how many fluid ounces per day for children 1 to 6 years of age?

A)5
B)6
C)7
D)8

Question 17

Overweight in children is defined as having a BMI at or above what percentile?

A)75th
B)85th
C)95th
D)100th

Question 18

The total amount of energy needed per day for any given age is called what?

A)estimated energy requirement
B)required energy requirement
C)recommended energy requirement
D)allowable energy requirement

Question 19

Federal guidelines in the United States specify that school lunches must provide how much of the 1989 RDAs for protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron, calcium, and energy?

A)1/4
B)1/3
C)1/2
D)2/3

Question 20

Growth acceleration in adolescence is primarily driven by

A)increased physical activity.
B)increased caloric intake.
C)hormonal changes.
D)changes in muscle composition

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a reason that vitamin D and calcium supplements are recommended for elderly individuals?

A)Absorption of calcium is reduced as we age.
B)Older adults frequently use sunscreen, which inhibits the synthesis of vitamin D.
C)Elderly individuals have adequate exposure to sunlight.
D)Less vitamin D is produced in the skin as we age.

Question 22

The RDA for which nutrient decreases with age, for women?

A)calcium
B)vitamin D
C)iron
D)vitamin C

Question 23

The cartilage that is located at the end of long bones that closes when growth ceases is called what?

A)the cortical plate
B)the trabecular plate
C)the osteoid plate
D)the epiphyseal plate

Question 24

Which nutrient deficiency in older adults can lead to a decreased sense of taste and smell?

A)zinc
B)iron
C)vitamin D
D)protein

Question 25

Which of the following does NOT contribute to chronic dehydration in elderly individuals?

A)Kidney function decreases with advancing age.
B)The thirst mechanism is impaired in the elderly.
C)Perspiration increases as we age.
D)Older adults may limit fluid intake due to urinary incontinence.

Question 26

Which of the following correctly describes "milk displacement"?

A)the self-weaning of an infant from breast milk
B)the recent surge in formula use
C)the avoidance of dairy products due to the fear of agricultural contaminants
D)the selection of low-nutrient beverages (e.g., soda)in place of milk

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of adolescent eating habits?

A)low intake of fruits and vegetables
B)preference for fast food and convenience foods
C)regular consumption of three meals per day
D)soft drinks preferred over milk

Question 28

Adolescent acne is caused by

A)eating fatty foods.
B)hormonal changes.
C)lack of adequate fluid intake.
D)consumption of chocolate.

Question 29

Which of the following does the Nutrition Services Incentive Program (former Elderly Nutrition Program) NOT provide?

A)meals designed to provide one-third of the RDA for key nutrients served at senior centers
B)cash and USDA commodity foods to state agencies
C)coupons to use to purchase foods in the grocery store
D)home-delivered meals for qualified elders through the Meals on Wheels program

Question 30

In older adults, which of the following is a mineral important to a healthy immune system and wound healing?

A)calcium
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin A
D)zinc

Question 31

Which of the following is associated with the premature closure of the epiphyseal plate?

A)malnutrition
B)excessive calcium intake
C)obesity
D)reduced activity level

Question 32

On average, Americans have a life expectancy that extends into the

A)early seventies.
B)late seventies.
C)early eighties.
D)late eighties.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a strong influence on adolescent food patterns?

A)peers
B)personal food preferences
C)parents
D)their own sense of what foods comprise a healthful, adequate diet

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a physiological change that typically occurs as a person ages?

A)decreased lean body mass
B)decreased bone density
C)decreased fat mass
D)decreased taste and smell acuity

Question 35

The leading cause of death among high-school youths is

A)automobile accidents.
B)alcohol intoxication occurrences.
C)eating disorders.
D)drug overdoses.

Question 36

A reduced production of gastric secretions often seen in older adults can result in

A)a reduced absorption of calcium.
B)an increased absorption of vitamin C.
C)a reduced absorption of potassium.
D)a reduced absorption of vitamin B₁₂.

Question 37

Which of the following BEST describes the "Milk Matters" campaign?

A)government campaign to encourage teens to consume more milk and dairy foods
B)nationwide initiative that aims to improve the calcium intake among senior citizens
C)fundraising campaign to supplement financial revenues lost when vending machines are banned from public schools
D)media literacy curriculum for adolescent girls that promotes healthy body images

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT related to the increased iron needs in adolescence?

A)Muscle mass increases.
B)Food choices are often inadequate in iron.
C)Iron is lost because of menstruation (in girls).
D)Iron utilization slows down.

Question 39

Which of the following will NOT help establish healthful eating habits in toddlers?

A)Provide small meals alternated with nutritious snacks.
B)Model healthful eating.
C)Use food as a reward for healthful behaviors.
D)Use positive reinforcement to encourage healthful behaviors.

Question 40

The fastest-growing age subgroup in the United States today is

A)children under age 2.
B)young adults.
C)people in their 40s.
D)people 85 years of age and older.

Question 41

The Institute of Medicine recommends that children be very active for at LEAST

A)15 minutes a day.
B)30 minutes a day.
C)1 hour a day.
D)2 hours a day.

Question 42

The period of life when secondary sex characteristics develop and people are able to reproduce is called

A)menopause.
B)puberty.
C)epiphyseal stage.
D)growth spurt.

Question 43

An elevated level of blood sodium is called

A)hyponatremia.
B)hypernatremia.
C)hypocalcemia.
D)hypercalcemia.

Question 44

Iron-deficiency anemia is uncommon in young children.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the milk-displacement factor?

A)nursing bottle syndrome
B)greater risk of osteoporosis later in life
C)low magnesium intake
D)low vitamin A intake

Question 46

Parents should force their children to eat healthy foods to avoid obesity.

Question 47

High intake of fiber may be harmful in young children, as it may interfere with the absorption of nutrients.

Question 48

The RDA for carbohydrate for toddlers, preschoolers, school-age children, teens, and adults is how many grams per day?

A)10
B)95
C)130
D)250

Question 49

The absorption of which vitamin increases in older adults?

A)A
B)B₁₂
C)C
D)D

Question 50

Multivitamin/mineral supplements should never be recommended for preschoolers.

Question 51

To avoid dehydration, toddlers should be offered fruit juice at every meal.

Question 52

Snacking between meals is developmentally and nutritionally appropriate for toddlers.

Question 53

The use of anabolic steroids during adolescence can cause

A)premature closure of the epiphyseal plates.
B)obesity.
C)rapid growth spurts.
D)significant increases in body fat.

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT one of the secondary contributors responsible for the acne flare-ups that plague many adolescents?

A)chocolate consumption
B)emotional stress
C)personal hygiene
D)genes

Question 55

If a toddler is overweight, a practical approach would be to place him or her on a low-fat diet.

Question 56

Previously known as the Food Stamp program, the new name for the USDA program that is the primary food assistance program for low-income households is the

A)Commodity Supplemental Food Program.
B)Nutrition Services Incentive Program.
C)Child and Adult Care Program.
D)Supplemental Nutrition Assessment Program.

Question 57

Which of the following is TRUE about school lunch programs in the United States?

A)All are required to meet updated guidelines on fat and sodium intake.
B)Half meet the federal guidelines on sodium intake.
C)One-third meet federal guidelines on total fat intake.
D)More than half meet federal guidelines on saturated fat intake.

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a risk associated with vitamin A toxicity in older adults?

A)heart disease
B)liver damage
C)neurologic problems
D)hip fractures

Question 59

As compared to infancy, growth rates increase during the preschool years.

Question 60

Limiting sugary sweets in children's diets is important only once their permanent teeth have erupted.

Question 61

Due to the additional losses via the menstrual cycle, adolescent girls require more iron than do adolescent boys.

Question 62

The key macronutrient for the development of the nervous system during the toddler and preschool years is carbohydrate.

Question 63

Although considered an epidemic among U.S. adults, obesity rates in school-aged children have remained constant since the 1970s.

Question 64

Girls gain more body fat through adolescence than do boys.

Question 65

Added to municipal water supplies or taken as a supplement, chlorine will help deter the development of dental caries.

Question 66

The fluid needs of adolescents are higher than those of children.

Question 67

Discuss the benefits and concerns of feeding a vegan diet to a young child.

Question 68

The time from early adolescence into young adulthood is crucial for ensuring adequate dietary calcium intake to maximize peak bone density. How much calcium do teens need daily? How can teens be encouraged to consume adequate dietary calcium? What future health risk is associated with long-term inadequate calcium intake?

Question 69

Although school lunches in the United States must meet certain nutrition requirements, some critics question the nutritional quality of meals students eat at school. Evaluate whether schools are providing healthful meals that meet federal nutrition guidelines.

Question 70

The nutrient needs of young boys and girls do not differ until about the age of 8 or 9 years.

Question 71

A vegan diet is potentially nutritionally risky for toddlers.

Question 72

The growth spurt starts earlier in boys than in girls.

Question 73

In the United States the federal government regulates school lunches.

Question 74

Describe the typical eating habits of toddlers and suggest how parents can encourage healthy eating habits during this time.

Question 75

Adolescents need to consume four servings of dairy foods or calcium-fortified products daily to obtain the necessary calcium intake.

Question 76

Childhood overweight and obesity are defined by determining a child's fat composition.

Question 77

The energy needs of older adults are higher than those of younger adults.

Question 78

Due to oxidative stress, older adults need to increase their consumption of both vitamin C and vitamin E.

Question 79

Eating disorders do not occur in adolescent boys.

Question 80

Reduced-fat milk should not be given to children until the age of 2.