Deck 9: Current Issues and Trends

Question 1

Partnerships formed in the community that involve clients taking a more active role in their health care needs are showing improved health outcomes. According to the text, which of the following is one positive effect of these community partnerships that clients experience?

A) better relationships within their communities
B) reduced anxiety and stress with decreased hospital stays
C) a sense of belonging and caring in the community
D) feeling of autonomy and independence

Answer 1

reduced anxiety and stress with decreased hospital stays

Question 2

Integrated health care systems are needed that can create for consumers of health care a "one-stop shopping" ability. What does this mean for the consumer?

A) Treatment choice and timely access to health services and information to make decisions are available.
B) The consumer can shop for the best services available.
C) An integrated health care system is present.
D) All health care needs are presented in one location.

Answer 2

Treatment choice and timely access to health services and information to make decisions are available.

Question 3

Client-centred and family-centred care are very important concepts of care that can have varied definitions. How can organizations safeguard to ensure that, within their organizations, the definitions and concepts are clear?

A) They can model this client care every day in their organization.
B) They can promote this client care every day in their organization.
C) They can ensure these concepts are displayed in their organization's code of ethics.
D) They can craft a definition of client- and family-centred care that meets the organization's mission and their clients' unique needs.

Answer 3

They can craft a definition of client- and family-centred care that meets the organization's mission and their clients' unique needs.

Question 4

How many key factors are identified in the Framework for Sustainable Health and Health Care?

A) 5 key factors
B) 6 key factors
C) 7 key factors
D) 12 key factors

Question 5

Sustainability in health care is defined as the appropriate balance of which of the following factors, leading to optimal health and health care outcomes for individuals, communities, and the present and future populations?

A) cultural, social, and economic environments
B) financial and economic environments
C) cultural and social environments
D) health promotion and disease prevention

Question 6

What is the principle idea behind "upstream" work in the community?

A) fewer trips to the hospital and lower overall costs to the system by giving clients tools and support to stay in their home
B) accommodating clients in the community
C) decreasing hospital stays
D) deceasing hospital costs

Question 7

Vertical integration occurs when

A) comparable types of organizations that offer similar types and ranges of services consolidate.
B) organizations separate and work together with other organizations offering similar services.
C) one provider system can provide full range, levels, and intensities of services in a defined area.
D) organizations merge and consolidate their services.

Question 8

Individuals are essential partners in the effort to improve quality and safety in health care, and are also needed to participate as active members of the team or organization that they work for. This is essential for which of the following?

A) change
B) leadership
C) growth
D) engagement

Question 9

The nurse manager is very aware of the needed items for her unit and now has a list of those items. The nurse knows that, according to the four guiding principles of health care sustainability, being sure of the supplies needed is a way to optimize the use of those resources and eliminate waste, and is an example of which of the following guiding principles? (Select all that apply.)

A) accountability for results
B) value for money
C) fair and timely access
D) appropriateness

Question 10

Eliasoph (2014) describes complex integration in health care as part of the solution to the challenge of sustaining Canada's health care system. He states that the complex integration systems such as regional health authorities and local health integration networks in Ontario will be expected to

A) plan, coordinate and provide funding for specific health services.
B) budget wisely and save money.
C) implement affordable services for clients.
D) integrate and downsize to save money.

Question 11

Eliasoph (2014) describes simple integration as a cooperative and collaborative process that can occur between others for the benefit of the client. Eliasoph believes that simple integration can occur with

A) the merging of integrated health systems.
B) the merging of regional health authorities.
C) one or more interprofessional team members and family.
D) merging of health care providers and formation of interprofessional teams.

Question 12

The ability to sustain health and health care systems and services in a community is a top priority for Canada. Presently, Canada is among the OECD countries that rank highest in per capita health care spending. Which of the following factor(s) most contribute(s) to this?

A) human resource payouts
B) increase in customer expectations
C) poor productivity
D) rising costs and expenditures

Question 13

Horizontal integration occurs when

A) organizations work together to curb expenses.
B) comparable types of organizations that offer similar kinds and ranges of services consolidate.
C) one provider system can provide full range, levels, and intensities of services from a defined area.
D) organizations separate and create programs that complement each other.

Question 14

According to the text, which of the following is a possible cause for increased provincial health care spending in Ontario?

A) improper communication and ordering from suppliers
B) duplication of tests
C) improper staffing ratio mixes
D) increased payout out of fee-for-service payments

Question 15

Provincial governments are becoming proactive by reviewing other ways to decrease their health care expenditures without decreasing their budgets. Which of the following ways have been proposed?

A) fee-for-service payment models and increasing billable services for clients
B) lean philosophies, capitation models, and quality-based procedures
C) lean philosophies and fee-for-service payment models
D) fee-for-service payment models and capitation models of payments

Question 16

What are the four guiding principles that have been proposed as plans to contribute to health care sustainability?

A) accountability, value, fair access, and timely access
B) accountability, value, fair access, and truthfulness
C) accountability, value, fair access, and appropriateness of care
D) accountability, value, fair access, and sustainability

Question 17

The nurse manager has identified that there are areas in the hospital and on her unit where money could be saved. She has decided to look into these areas to see what plans can be made. According to the four guiding principles of health care sustainability, the nurse supervisor knows that eliminating inefficiencies, unsafe practices, and waste are examples of meeting which of the following guiding principles? (Select all that apply.)

A) accountability for results
B) value for money
C) fair and timely access
D) appropriateness

Question 18

Shortell, Gillies, and Anderson (1996) developed the idea of an organized delivery system and characterized an ideal health system, which led to the idea of integrated and coordinated health care. What are the two types of integration that were created?

A) lateral-to-lateral integration
B) lateral and vertical integration
C) lateral and horizontal integration
D) horizontal and vertical integration

Question 19

An integrated health care system is one that aims to

A) reduce community care expenses.
B) reduce the long-term care expenses for clients.
C) reduce acute care expenses for medical services in hospitals.
D) reduce the need for acute care hospitals by increasing community resources.
Indicate one or more answer choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

Question 20

Suter, Oelke, Adair, & Armitage (2009) identified universal principles of successful integrated health care systems that could be used by decision-makers to assist with integration efforts. How many universal principles were identified?

A) 5 universal principles
B) 8 universal principles
C) 10 universal principles
D) 12 universal principles

Question 21

Map out, using a concept mind map, your vision of an ideal health care system using Shortell, Gillies, and Anderson's (1996) characteristics of an ideal health care system.

Question 22

Explain or map out the six (6) key factors identified in the Framework for Sustainable Health in Health care.

Question 23

Following a budget meeting, the nurse manager is preparing to meet with her employees to get their thoughts on some strategies that may be used to promote sustainability in the organization. One of the agenda items is to create, with her employees, outcome targets that can be used on the unit to try to curtail expenses. According to the four guiding principles of health care sustainability, the nurse knows that meeting outcome targets are an example of

A) accountability for results.
B) value for money.
C) fair and timely access.
D) appropriateness.