Deck 5: Personality and Values

Question 1

Which of the following terms refers to factors such as one's biological, physiological, and inherent psychological makeup determined at conception?

A) social identity
B) heredity
C) behavioral contagion
D) self-concordance
E) social loafing

Answer 1

B

Question 2

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the ________ type are practical and prefer routine and order and focus on details.

A) sensing
B) extraverted
C) feeling
D) perceiving
E) intuitive

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Amber Downing, a human resource executive, is in charge of the recruitment process in her organization. During the hiring process, she often needs to coordinate with prospective employees. The organizational process does not require her to inform employees who do not get through the selection process. However she believes that it is rude not to give them an update. She thus makes sure that she send them e-mails informing them all about the selection process. Which of the following personality types is Downing characterized by according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?

A) sensing
B) judging
C) thinking
D) feeling
E) introverted

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is the most common means of measuring personality?

A) in-depth interviews
B) self-report surveys
C) career portfolio
D) reference interviews
E) stress interviews

Question 5

Which of the following is a drawback of self-report surveys?

A) It can hold only a limited number of questions.
B) It involves a large number of people in the evaluation process.
C) It may have biased results if the surveyor's judgement is biased.
D) It comprises of a large number of complex statistical data.
E) It may result in the respondent lying to create a good impression.

Question 6

The ________ is a personality assessment consisting of 100-questions where respondents are classified as extraverted-introverted, sensing-intuitive, thinking-feeling, and judging-perceiving.

A) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
B) Birkman Method
C) Karolinska Scales of Personality
D) Keirsey Temperament Sorter
E) Taylor-Johnson Temperament Analysis

Question 7

Valerie Sinclair, a climate campaigner at an environmental organization, invariably uses rationale to make decisions for project implementation. She believes that the right decisions can be made only through scrutinization and analysis. Each time she needs to make a decision, she weighs all options before taking action. Which of the following is Sinclair's personality type according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?

A) intuitive
B) introverted
C) thinking
D) feeling
E) perceiving

Question 8

Who defined personality as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment?

A) Leon Festinger
B) Dr. Sigmund Freud
C) Gordon Allport
D) Abraham Maslow
E) Ivan Pavlov

Question 9

According to Gordon Allport, ________ is defined as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment.

A) cognitive dissonance
B) heredity
C) personality
D) descent
E) genealogy

Question 10

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the judging type ________.

A) are quiet, shy and introverted
B) rely on unconscious processes
C) prefer their world to be ordered
D) are flexible and spontaneous
E) rely on personal values and emotions

Question 11

Ellaine Chamberlain works as a research executive at an environmental organization. Though her colleagues are helpful and friendly, because of her shy nature, she often eats her lunch at her desk and has limited interactions with them. She is glad that her nature of work does not require her to interact with her co-workers to a high extent. Which of the following personality types is Chamberlain most likely to be characterized by according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?

A) social
B) introverted
C) exhibitionist
D) gregarious
E) extraverted

Question 12

Esther Lugo has gone for an interview at an advertising firm in Manhattan and has been asked to complete a self-report survey to help interviewers understand if she is the right candidate for the job. From the interview, they have found that she is extroverted, empathic, scrupulous, and cooperative in nature, which are key characteristics needed for the job. These characteristics about Lugo indicate her ________.

A) talent
B) skill
C) knowledge
D) genealogy
E) personality

Question 13

________ is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.

A) Talent
B) Skill
C) Knowledge
D) Heredity
E) Personality

Question 14

Ellen Athers works as a communication executive at a travel house. She is known to be friendly with her colleagues and interacts with them regularly to build strong work relationships. She knows that her rapport with her co-workers is a crucial part of her work and invests time in these relationships. In addition, while making decisions, she is assertive and colleagues take her decisions seriously. Which of the following personality types is Athers most likely to be characterized by according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?

A) perceiving
B) brooder
C) extraverted
D) introverted
E) solitary

Question 15

Tracy Winter works at a publishing firm in London and recently received an e-mail from the human resource department of her company, asking her to study a colleague, Cindy Camp's behavior and attention toward her work without her knowledge. Winter now needs to scrutinize her behavior and notice if she is free from distractions and pays sufficient importance to her tasks. Which of the following is Winter conducting?

A) observer-ratings survey
B) informational interview
C) knowledge survey
D) participant observation
E) focus group survey

Question 16

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the ________ type are flexible and spontaneous.

A) thinking
B) judging
C) introverted
D) sensing
E) perceiving

Question 17

Which of the following does the heredity approach state?

A) An individual's personality is determined by the social background one is brought up in.
B) An individual's personality is determined by molecular structure of the genes.
C) An individual's personality is influenced by the economic settings he is surrounded by.
D) A person's personality traits are created by the company he keeps i.e., his friends and family.
E) A person's personality traits are largely influenced by global trends and characteristics.

Question 18

Which of the following are characteristics of the intuitive type of people according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?

A) preferring routine and order and focusing on details
B) outgoing, sociable, and assertive in nature
C) relying on unconscious processes and looking at the overall picture
D) using reason, rationality, and logic to handle problems and situations
E) relying on their personal values and emotions to make decisions

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true about personality?

A) Personality is free from the influence of the environment.
B) Personality remains constant over time.
C) Personality can be measured solely through personal interviews.
D) Personality is influenced by hereditary factors.
E) Parents highly influence the development of our personality.

Question 20

In ________, a co-worker or another observer does an independent assessment of personality, with or without the subject's knowledge.

A) observer-ratings surveys
B) paid surveys
C) knowledge surveys
D) deviation surveys
E) cadastral surveys

Question 21

Which of the following dimensions of the Big Five Model indicates a person's ability to withstand stress?

A) emotional stability
B) extroversion
C) openness to experience
D) agreeableness
E) conscientiousness

Question 22

People scoring high on the ________ dimension of the Big Five Model are more likely to be absent from work and engage in risky behavior than those who score low.

A) agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C) openness
D) extraversion
E) emotional stability

Question 23

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, the ENTP type of people are most likely to be ________.

A) illogical
B) innovative
C) intuitive
D) skeptical
E) stubborn

Question 24

According to the Big Five Model, a highly conscientious person is most likely to be ________.

A) distracted, disorganized, and unreliable
B) calm, self-confident, and secure
C) cold, disagreeable, and antagonistic
D) responsible, organized, and dependable
E) reserved, timid, and quiet

Question 25

Among the Big Five Model traits, ________ is most strongly related to life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and low stress levels.

A) extroversion
B) agreeableness
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional stability
E) openness to experience

Question 26

People belonging to the ESTJ type are characterized as ________ according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification.

A) irrational
B) perplexed
C) decisive
D) disoriented
E) emotional

Question 27

________ is as important for managers as for front-line employees and, among all Big Five Model traits, is most consistently related to job performance.

A) Extroversion
B) Agreeableness
C) Conscientiousness
D) Emotional stability
E) Openness to experience

Question 28

Which of the following differentiates introverts from extraverts?

A) Introverts tend to be happier in their jobs in comparison to extroverts.
B) Introverts express feelings more freely compared to extroverts.
C) Introverts experience more positive emotions than extraverts.
D) Introverts are generally more assertive than extraverts.
E) Introverts are less impulsive than extraverts.

Question 29

Which dimension of the Big Five model is a measure of reliability?

A) extroversion
B) agreeableness
C) conscientiousness
D) openness to experience
E) emotional stability

Question 30

What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of "E or I" stand for?

A) enthusiastic/ingenious
B) emotional/impulsive
C) extraverted/introverted
D) emotive/illustrative
E) empathetic/innovative

Question 31

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, introverted/ intuitive/ thinking/ judging type of people are ________.

A) visionaries
B) organizers
C) conceptualizers
D) executors
E) methodists

Question 32

Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others?

A) conscientiousness
B) agreeableness
C) extroversion
D) openness to experience
E) emotional stability

Question 33

What is the major problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of personality?

A) It has an excess of classifications which tends to confuse a person.
B) It forces a person to be categorized as either one type or another.
C) It does not have a clear demarcation between different personality types.
D) It tends to overemphasize intuitive traits over analytical traits.
E) It indicates results related exclusively to job performance.

Question 34

With reference to the Big Five Model, which of the following is a difference between highly agreeable and less agreeable people?

A) Highly agreeable people tend to do better in interpersonally oriented jobs than less agreeable people.
B) Highly agreeable people are less compliant and less rule abiding than less agreeable people.
C) Highly agreeable people tend to be less satisfied in their jobs than less agreeable people.
D) Highly agreeable people engage in less organization citizenship behavior than less agreeable people.
E) Highly agreeable people have more tendency to engage in organizational deviance than less agreeable people.

Question 35

The ________ is a personality assessment model that taps basic dimensions which encompass most of the significant variation in human personality, namely extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience.

A) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
B) Big Five Model
C) Birkman Method
D) Keirsey Temperament Sorter
E) Forté Profile

Question 36

Which of the following is most likely to be a drawback of highly conscientious people according to the Big Five Model?

A) They engage in numerous risky behaviors such as smoking and drinking.
B) They tend to indulge in irresponsible behavior and be disorganized.
C) They do not adapt well to changing contexts.
D) They focus on learning instead of performing a job efficiently.
E) They emphasize excessively on being creative.

Question 37

What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of S versus N stand for?

A) sensing/intuitive
B) social/perceiving
C) stable/negligent
D) sympathetic/thinking
E) shrewd/feeling

Question 38

According to the Big Five Model, a person who scores ________ is easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable.

A) low on emotional stability
B) low on openness to experience
C) high on agreeableness
D) high on extraversion
E) low on conscientiousness

Question 39

Marina Lyon works as a reservation executive at a travel and tourism company. Though her job requires her only to efficiently book flight tickets for customers, she has also opted to undergo training to learn the process of hotel reservations. In addition, every evening she reads travelogues to be aware of upcoming travel destinations and trends. She loves the industry she works in and is eager to learn as much as she can. Considering the information given in this case, which dimension of the Big Five model best describes Lyon's personality ?

A) extroversion
B) agreeableness
C) conscientiousness
D) openness to experience
E) emotional stability

Question 40

According to the Big Five Model, the ________ dimension addresses a range of interests and fascination with novelty.

A) emotional stability
B) extroversion
C) openness to experience
D) agreeableness
E) conscientiousness

Question 41

Those with a ________ personality identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs, compared to others who passively react to situations.

A) high self-monitoring
B) proactive
C) high Mach
D) type A
E) narcissist

Question 42

Individuals scoring ________ have a strong ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors and can behave differently in different situations.

A) low on openness
B) high on narcissism
C) low on agreeableness
D) high on self-monitoring
E) low on conscientiousness

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true about people with positive core self-evaluations ?

A) They are committed to their goals and set ambitious goals.
B) They view themselves as powerless over their environment.
C) They tend to question their capabilities and capacities.
D) They lack persistence to achieve goals.
E) They tend to be disliked by superiors and co-workers.

Question 44

Mara is looking to send one of her team members on an international assignment to China, to train a group of employees located at her company's office in Beijing. As part of the assignment, the chosen employee will have to undergo a 3-week diversity training program to help them learn about their new environment. Bryan, one of Mara's colleagues, is interested in taking up the assignment.
Which of the following, if true, would increase the likelihood that Bryan will be selected?

A) Bryan's application was rejected the last time he applied for an international assignment.
B) Bryan has trained several employees in the last six months.
C) Bryan has had little exposure to Chinese culture.
D) Bryan displays striking contradictions between his public persona and his private self.
E) Bryan is quite sociable and can "think on his feet."

Question 45

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding people with proactive personalities?

A) They react passively to situations.
B) They tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation.
C) They tend to be selfish and exploitive and believe others exist for their benefit.
D) They are more likely than others to be seen as leaders.
E) They are narcissistic in nature and require constant admiration.

Question 46

Which of the following is true of a narcissist?

A) They go out of their way to be helpful to colleagues.
B) They have an inferiority complex about themselves.
C) They are more likely to emerge as leaders.
D) They do not require admiration or importance of people.
E) They are meek, timid, and shy in nature.

Question 47

Which of the following personality traits indicates the degree to which a person is unemotional and pragmatic and believes that ends can justify means?

A) extraversion
B) machiavellianism
C) agreeableness
D) self-concordance
E) narcissism

Question 48

Jonah is currently trying to decide whether or not to allow Kate to be part of a delegation that will represent their company at an international business expo. Apart from allowing the company to market its business to potential clients, the expo will give the members of the delegation a chance to meet and network with various industry professionals and gain valuable industry insights.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Kate's chances of being selected?

A) Kate is socially inept and tends to display her true disposition and attitude in every situation.
B) Kate behaves differently in different situations, and occasionally presents striking contradictions between her public persona and her private self.
C) Kate has a strong sense of independence and often gets work done without any support from others.
D) Kate is often in agreement with other's ideas and opinions.
E) Kate is gregarious and comfortable in changing contexts and ambiguous situations.

Question 49

________ refers to bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person.

A) Core self-evaluation
B) Authoritarianism
C) Self-monitoring
D) Machiavellianism
E) Agreeableness

Question 50

A high Mach would be most productive in which of the following positions?

A) a manager who leads team members in different geographic locations
B) an executive who has to follow stringent rules while closing a sale
C) a legal liaison who works from home and coordinates with people through the phone
D) a freelance researcher whose work is free from interpersonal communication
E) a sales person whose major part of the salary consists of sales commission

Question 51

Jonah is currently trying to decide whether or not to allow Kate to be part of a delegation that will represent their company at an international business expo. Apart from allowing the company to market its business to potential clients, the expo will give the members of the delegation a chance to meet and network with various industry professionals and gain valuable industry insights.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen Kate's chances of being selected?

A) Kate generally considers herself to be better than her colleagues.
B) Kate is a go-getter - she is prepared to go to any length to get ahead.
C) Kate has a conventional mindset and focuses on being efficient at her work.
D) Kate often conforms to other's ideas and opinions rather than come up with her own.
E) Kate is enterprising and adept at interacting with diverse groups of individuals.

Question 52

When we rank an individual's values in order of their ________, we obtain the person's value system.

A) intensity
B) content
C) context
D) fluidity
E) flexibility

Question 53

As compared to high self-monitors, low self-monitors ________.

A) tend to be more adaptable to external situations
B) pay closer attention to the behavior of others
C) have low consistency between personalities and actions
D) are less likely to emerge as leaders
E) show less commitment to their organizations

Question 54

Mara is looking to send one of her team members on an international assignment to China, to train a group of employees located at her company's office in Beijing. As part of the assignment, the chosen employee will have to undergo a 3-week diversity training program to help them learn about their new environment. Bryan, one of Mara's colleagues, is interested in taking up the assignment.
Which of the following terms describes basic convictions that "a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct"?

A) values
B) attitudes
C) emotions
D) feelings
E) traditions

Question 55

Mara is looking to send one of her team members on an international assignment to China, to train a group of employees located at her company's office in Beijing. As part of the assignment, the chosen employee will have to undergo a 3-week diversity training program to help them learn about their new environment. Bryan, one of Mara's colleagues, is interested in taking up the assignment.
Which of the following, if true, would reduce the likelihood that Bryan will be selected?

A) Bryan has had little exposure to Chinese culture.
B) Bryan is proficient in Chinese.
C) Bryan traveled to Beijing last year on a different assignment.
D) Bryan does not cope very well in ambiguous situations.
E) Bryan sometimes displays striking contradictions between his public persona and his private self.

Question 56

During an annual review, Michel Godfrey made the following assertion: "When I look at myself and my performance, I see that what I have achieved is outstanding and something no one in the organization has the capacity to undertake. Surprisingly, it has not won me the admiration of my colleagues like it should have. I also believe that I do not just deserve a raise, but need one, since without me, let's face it, the place would simply fall apart." Which of the following personality traits best describes Michel's personality?

A) minimalism
B) monasticism
C) stoicism
D) narcissism
E) machiavellianism

Question 57

Individuals low in self-monitoring ________.

A) tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation
B) are pragmatic, maintain emotional distance, and believe ends can justify means.
C) have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and are arrogant.
D) are easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable.
E) tend to dislike themselves and view themselves as powerless over their environment.

Question 58

Jonah is currently trying to decide whether or not to allow Kate to be part of a delegation that will represent their company at an international business expo. Apart from allowing the company to market its business to potential clients, the expo will give the members of the delegation a chance to meet and network with various industry professionals and gain valuable industry insights.
John Hardley recently joined as marketing director of H2O, a water sports gear company. Though in the last five years the company has had a drastic dip in sales, ever since Hardley has joined he has turned the figures around. In addition to revamping the look of the brand, he has initiated several marketing campaigns through broadcast media to increase customer base for the company. Hardley has over the past 6 months managed to get the company to an all time high peak of sales. Which of the following statements best describes Hardley?

A) Hardley is a low self-monitor.
B) Hardley is a narcissist.
C) Hardley scores high in machiavellianism.
D) Hardley has a proactive personality.
E) Hardley is a low risk-taking person.

Question 59

Which of the following is most likely to be true regarding people with a high level of other-orientation?

A) They feel obligated to help people who have helped them.
B) They help people when they expect to be helped in the future.
C) They tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation.
D) They believe that others exist for their benefit.
E) They tend to be selfish and exploitive in nature.

Question 60

________ refers to the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement.

A) Asceticism
B) Stoicism
C) Cynicism
D) Narcissism
E) Machiavellianism

Question 61

According to Hofstede's framework, ________ indicates the degree to which people in a country prefer structured to unstructured situations.

A) collectivism
B) power distance
C) long-term orientation
D) uncertainty avoidance
E) individualism

Question 62

According to the Rokeach Value Survey, ________ values refer to preferable modes of behavior.

A) terminal
B) critical
C) instrumental
D) essential
E) flexible

Question 63

With reference to John Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the ________ type prefer verbal activities in which there are opportunities to influence others and attain powers.

A) realistic
B) conventional
C) artistic
D) enterprising
E) investigative

Question 64

With reference to John Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the investigating type prefer ________.

A) activities that involve helping and developing others
B) activities that involve thinking, organizing, and understanding
C) physical activities that require skill, strength, and coordination
D) ambiguous and imaginative activities that allow creative expression
E) activities in which there are opportunities to influence others

Question 65

Which of the following is an instrumental value according to the Rokeach value survey?

A) economic success
B) social recognition
C) personal discipline
D) world peace
E) meaning in life

Question 66

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification, people belonging to the feeling type use reason and logic to solve problems.

Question 67

Which of the following is true of the baby boomer generation?

A) They lead lives shaped mainly by globalization.
B) They are more questioning and entrepreneurial than the other generations.
C) They give high importance to achievement and material success.
D) They give the highest importance to flexibility and life options.
E) They rate highest in friendship and pleasure on the RVS.

Question 68

With reference to John Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the realistic type will be most suitable for the job of a(n) ________.

A) economist
B) teacher
C) mechanic
D) lawyer
E) biologist

Question 69

As compared to observer-ratings surveys, self-reporting surveys are a better predictor of success on the job.

Question 70

According to the Rokeach Value Survey, ________ values refer to desirable end-states.

A) essential
B) instrumental
C) critical
D) flexible
E) terminal

Question 71

John Holland's personality-job fit theory presents six personality types. Which of the following is one of these six types?

A) analytic
B) imaginative
C) practical
D) investigative
E) intuitive

Question 72

A drawback of self-report surveys is the level of accuracy.

Question 73

Alex was sent to Beijing to help local managers solve the problem of growing worker dissatisfaction at their manufacturing facility located in the city. As part of his visit, he decided to have a town hall meeting with the workers to understand the problems that they were facing and the reasons for their discontent. The turnout at the meeting was substantial; however, when asked for their opinions and suggestions, the crowd fell silent. As a result, Alex was unable to determine the reason for employee dissatisfaction.Which of the following, if true, best explains this situation?

A) A small portion of the workers at the facility belong to the Baby Boomers generation.
B) There is an unequal distribution of power in the company.
C) The employees are genuinely concerned about improving their lot.
D) Alex was sent to Beijing as he was one of the few employees who were conversant in the local language.
E) On previous occasions, the company has yielded to employee demands.

Question 74

With reference to the Hofstede's framework, a class or caste system that discourages upward mobility is more likely to exist in a nation that scores ________.

A) high on individualism
B) low on masculinity
C) high on power distance
D) low on uncertainty avoidance
E) high on long-term orientation

Question 75

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the judging type prefer control and like their world to be ordered and structured.

Question 76

Which of the following is true of values ?

A) They are void of a judgmental element.
B) They are invariably fluid and flexible in nature.
C) They have content and intensity attributes.
D) They never change irrespective of external factors.
E) They are always established in a person's later years.

Question 77

Which of the following is a terminal value according to the Rokeach value survey?

A) personal discipline
B) self-reliance
C) goal-orientation
D) social recognition
E) self-improvement

Question 78

With reference to the Hofstede's Framework for Assessing Cultures, ________ emphasizes a tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them.

A) uncertainty avoidance
B) long-term orientation
C) masculinity
D) collectivism
E) power distance

Question 79

Milton Rokeach created the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) which consisted of two sets of values, namely ________ values and ________ values.

A) instrumental; terminal
B) fluid; stable
C) flexible; essential
D) unique; general
E) flexible; enduring

Question 80

Help Aid, a non-profit organization in Indonesia, works at providing education in underdeveloped countries. They are now looking to hire a teacher who can educate children in Namibia and help get into jobs which can sustain themselves. According to Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to which of the following personality types will best suit Help Aid's requirement?

A) conventional
B) realistic
C) enterprising
D) artistic
E) social