Deck 7: Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Question 1

Why are most plants green?

A)Chlorophyll a reflects green light.
B)Chlorophyll b primarily uses green light as the source of energy for photosynthesis.
C)Chlorophyll a absorbs green light.
D)Green helps plants blend into their environment as a sort of camouflage.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The electrons lost from the reaction center of photosystem I are replaced by electrons from

A)the top of the electron transport chain.
B)the bottom of the electron transport chain.
C)CO2.
D)H2O.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The light reactions occur in the ,while the Calvin cycle occurs in the .

A)cytoplasm ...thylakoid membrane
B)thylakoid membranes ...stroma
C)stroma ...thylakoid membranes
D)stroma ...nucleus

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following are produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

A)glucose,ADP,NADP+,CO2
B)glucose,ADP,NADP+
C)ADP,NADP⁺,O₂ D)ATP,NADPH,O₂

Question 5

Photosystem II

A)passes electrons to photosystem I.
B)releases CO2 as a by- product.
C)does not have a reaction center.
D)has P700 at its reaction center.

Question 6

The chloroplast ATP synthase

A)couples the flow of H+ to the phosphorylation of ADP.
B)is a nucleic acid complex.
C)is found in the stroma.
D)helps transport H+ against the concentration gradient.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the absorption of photons by pigment molecules is true?

A)Photons raise electrons in pigments to the ground state.
B)It takes several minutes for the pigment electrons to become excited.
C)The release of energy by the excited electron can be as heat,light,or fluorescence.
D)Excitation of the electrons is a very stable state.

Question 8

In a photosystem,clusters of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and carotenoid pigments function most like

A)a propeller on a motorboat.
B)a windmill.
C)a spring.
D)an antenna.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a photoautotroph?

A)grizzly bears in Alaska
B)bacteria in our mouth
C)cyanobacteria in freshwater and marine ecosystems
D)mushrooms growing on the side of a dead tree

Question 10

Clusters of light- gathering pigments in a photosystem

A)absorb electrons.
B)break down H2O.
C)pass energy to the reaction center.
D)are found in the roots of plants.

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis is false?

A)Photosynthesis is ultimately powered by light energy and respiration by the chemical energy of fuel molecules.
B)Photosynthesis produces O2; respiration produces CO2.
C)Photosynthesis consumes CO2; respiration consumes O2.
D)ATP is not produced during photosynthesis,but only during cellular respiration.

Question 12

cells in leaves are specialized for photosynthesis.

A)Tracheid
B)Mesophyll
C)Sclerenchyma
D)Companion

Question 13

Which of the following statements concerning the role of redox reactions in photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?

A)Photosynthesis involves only oxidations,while respiration involves only reductions.
B)In photosynthesis,carbon dioxide is reduced to form sugar,while in respiration,sugar is oxidized to form carbon dioxide.
C)In photosynthesis,carbon dioxide is oxidized to form sugar,while in respiration,sugar is reduced to form carbon dioxide.
D)Photosynthesis involves only reductions,while respiration involves only oxidations.

Question 14

What is the source of energy that provides the boost for electrons during photosynthesis?

A)light
B)electromagnetism
C)ATP
D)cellular respiration

Question 15

The Calvin cycle constructs ,an energy- rich molecule that a plant cell can then use to make glucose or other organic molecules.

A)carbon dioxide
B)ATP
C)G3P
D)NADH

Question 16

Photophosphorylation during photosynthesis differs from oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration in that

A)it involves an electron transport chain.
B)the final electron acceptor is NADP+ and not oxygen.
C)regeneration of ATP is driven by a flow of protons through an ATP synthase.
D)energy is stored in the form of a proton concentration difference.

Question 17

In photosynthesis,the chemiosmotic production of ATP

A)is done by the Calvin cycle.
B)is analogous to the production of ATP in mitochondria.
C)is a result of the oxidation of glucose.
D)requires oxygen.

Question 18

As a result of the cascade of electrons down the electron transport chains of the light reactions,

A)NADPH is oxidized to NADP+.
B)NADP+ is reduced to NADPH.
C)NADPH is reduced to NADP⁺.
D)NADP⁺ is oxidized to NADPH.

Question 19

The full range of electromagnetic energy is called the spectrum.

A)ultraviolet
B)energy
C)electromagnetic
D)visible

Question 20

Mitochondria transfer _ energy from _ to ATP; chloroplasts transform energy into the chemical energy of ATP.

A)food ...light ...nuclear
B)chemical ...food ...light
C)light ...food ...kinetic
D)food ...light ...chemical

Question 21

In this drawing of a chloroplast,which structure represents the thylakoid membrane?

A)structure A
B)structure B
C)structure C
D)structure D

Question 22

Autotrophs that utilize light as their energy source are

A)photoautotrophs.
B)fungi.
C)heterotrophs.
D)chemosynthetic autotrophs.

Question 23

In photophosphorylation,energy from electron flow is used to transport from the to the thylakoid compartment,generating a concentration gradient of .

A)electrons ...grana ...H+
B)H+ ...stroma ...ATP
C)H⁺ ...grana ...electrons
D)H⁺ ...stroma ...H⁺

Question 24

Where is chlorophyll found in a plant cell?

A)cytoplasm
B)stroma
C)thylakoid membranes
D)cristae

Question 25

In the chloroplast,sugars are made in a compartment that is filled with a thick fluid called the

A)matrix.
B)stroma.
C)stomata.
D)thylakoid.

Question 26

Which of the following molecules is both a reactant and a product of photosynthesis?

A)glucose
B)O2
C)chlorophyll
D)H2O

Question 27

The electrons lost from the reaction center of photosystem II are replaced by electrons from

A)photosystem I.
B)CO2.
C)H2O.
D)ATP.

Question 28

What is the main adaptive advantage of the C4 and CAM photosynthesis strategies over the C3 strategy?

A)They make it possible for the plant to use the Calvin cycle at night.
B)They allow the plant to fix carbon more efficiently in dim or cool conditions.
C)They help the plant conserve water and synthesize glucose efficiently under hot,dry conditions.
D)They allow the plant to fix carbon more efficiently under conditions of low atmospheric CO2.

Question 29

Ozone consists of _ _ oxygen atom(s).

A)two
B)one
C)three
D)four

Question 30

CO2 enters and O2 escapes from a leaf via

A)stroma.
B)grana.
C)stomata.
D)thylakoids.

Question 31

Which of the following has been a major source of ozone destruction over the past 50 years?

A)chlorofluorocarbons
B)ethylene glycol
C)chemiosmosis
D)carbon dioxide

Question 32

To produce one glucose,the Calvin cycle needs to be run through time(s).

A)eight
B)six
C)four
D)two

Question 33

A packet of light energy is called a

A)photon.
B)quantum.
C)phaser.
D)pigment.

Question 34

In most green plants,chloroplasts are

A)evenly distributed throughout the entire plant.
B)concentrated in a zone of leaf tissue called the mesophyll.
C)concentrated in a portion of the leaf called the stroma.
D)evenly distributed throughout the leaf tissue.

Question 35

Which of the following is part of the light reaction?

A)regeneration of NADP+
B)reduction of carbon
C)formation of waste products in the form of O2
D)carbon fixation

Question 36

Which of the following are produced during the Calvin cycle?

A)ATP,NADPH,O2
B)glucose,ADP,NADP+
C)ATP,NADPH,CO₂ D)glucose,ADP,NADP⁺,CO₂

Question 37

It has been argued that cutting old- growth forests and replacing them with plantations of young trees would help to alleviate the threat of global greenhouse warming.What important fact does this argument ignore?

A)Most of the young trees would die within a few years.
B)Forests play too minor a role in global CO2 dynamics,which are affected far more by marine algae.
C)Most of the biomass of the cut trees would be added to the atmosphere as CO2 within a few years.
D)Young trees fix carbon at a lower rate per unit mass than old trees.

Question 38

Plant cells are protected from the harmful effects of reactive oxidative molecules by

A)mitochondria.
B)carotenoids.
C)chlorophyll.
D)ATP.

Question 39

Plants use sugars as

A)a source of electrons for chemiosmosis.
B)a fuel for cellular respiration and a starting material for making other organic molecules.
C)a fuel for photosynthesis.
D)a starting material for the Calvin cycle.

Question 40

Global warming due to the greenhouse effect may be

A)reduced by the burning of fossil fuels,which removes oxygen from the atmosphere.
B)of little concern,since it is part of the normal cycle for the planet.
C)made worse by photosynthesis,which adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
D)moderated by photosynthesis,which removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Question 41

If you expose a photosynthesizing plant to water that contains both radioactive H and radioactive O,in which of the products of photosynthesis will the radioactive H and O show up?

A)H and O both in glucose
B)H in water; O in glucose
C)H in glucose; O in water
D)H in glucose and water; O in O₂

Question 42

Sunlight is a type of energy.

A)electromagnetic
B)nuclear
C)kinetic
D)potential

Question 43

Which of the following colors contributes the least energy to photosynthesis?

A)green
B)red
C)blue
D)orange

Question 44

Which of the following statements about the greenhouse effect is true?

A)The greenhouse effect is exacerbated by the use of fossil fuels.
B)The greenhouse effect will decrease the average temperature of the planet.
C)The greenhouse effect has no direct relationship with the Industrial Revolution of the 1800s.
D)The greenhouse effect is reduced by deforestation.

Question 45

How do the reaction centers of photosystem I and II differ?

A)Photosystem II does not transfer electrons from photons.
B)Each preferentially absorbs slightly different wavelengths of light.
C)Photosystem I functions first in the sequence of steps that make up the light reactions.
D)Chlorophyll a is found in photosystem I and chlorophyll b in photosystem II.

Question 46

Chloroplasts contain disklike membranous sacs arranged in stacks called

A)cristae.
B)grana.
C)vacuoles.
D)thylakoids.

Question 47

The ultimate source of all the food we eat and the oxygen we breathe is

A)glycolysis.
B)photosynthesis.
C)cellular respiration.
D)anaerobic metabolism.

Question 48

The electron transport chains of the light reactions

A)shuttle electrons along in a series of redox reactions.
B)are found on the plasma membrane of mesophyll cells.
C)provide energy for the citric acid cycle.
D)are located in the stroma.

Question 49

What is the name given to organisms that can make their own food and thus sustain themselves without consuming organic molecules derived from other organisms?

A)chemotrophs
B)synthesizers
C)heterotrophs
D)autotrophs

Question 50

Photosynthetic organisms derive their carbon from

A)carbon monoxide.
B)hydrocarbons.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)methane.

Question 51

Which of the following is a normal process of photosynthesis that could not occur if all reaction centers were inactivated by a toxin?

A)absorption of photons by carotenoids
B)donation of excited electrons by chlorophyll b to a primary electron acceptor
C)absorption of photons by chlorophyll b
D)donation of excited electrons by chlorophyll a to a primary electron acceptor

Question 52

A redox reaction involves the transfer of

A)carbon dioxide.
B)an electron.
C)water.
D)oxygen.

Question 53

Photorespiration

A)may be an evolutionary relic from when atmospheric O2 levels were low.
B)produces glucose.
C)is attributable to high CO2 levels.
D)is of benefit to the plant since it breaks down rubisco.

Question 54

Which of the following photosynthetic pigments can be found at the photosystem reaction center?

A)chlorophyll b
B)chlorophyll a
C)phycocyanin
D)a carotenoid

Question 55

Photoautotrophs

A)produce organic molecules from inorganic molecules.
B)include only the green plants.
C)eat other organisms that use light energy to make food molecules.
D)make sugar by using organic raw materials.

Question 56

Of the following wavelengths of light,which would you expect to be reflected or transmitted by chlorophyll a?

A)green
B)blue
C)red
D)yellow

Question 57

The energy that excites P680 and P700 is supplied by

A)ATP.
B)photons.
C)NADPH.
D)electrons passing down the electron transport chain.

Question 58

What is the likely origin of chloroplasts?

A)photosynthetic prokaryotes that lived inside eukaryotic cells
B)eukaryotes that engulfed photosynthetic fungi
C)prokaryotes with photosynthetic mitochondria
D)mitochondria that had a mutation for photosynthesis

Question 59

The oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from

A)water.
B)chlorophyll.
C)glucose.
D)carbon dioxide.

Question 60

ATP and NADPH

A)power sugar synthesis during the Calvin cycle.
B)are products of the Calvin cycle.
C)are used in the electron transport chain to pump H+ into the thylakoid space.
D)provide energy to Photosystem I and Photosystem II.

Question 61

Carbon fixation

A)provides the cell with a supply of NADPH molecules.
B)occurs when carbon atoms from CO2 are incorporated into an organic molecule.
C)supplies the cell with ATP.
D)occurs during the light reactions.

Question 62

The addition of oxygen instead of carbon dioxide to RuBP results in

A)photorespiration.
B)cellular respiration.
C)aerobic respiration.
D)photophosphorylation.

Question 63

According to this figure,how do H+ ions make their way from the stroma to the thylakoid interior?

A)through the ATP synthase
B)through photosystem I
C)through an electron transport chain molecule
D)directly through the phospholipids of the thylakoid membrane