Deck 4: A Tour of the Cell

Question 1

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A)helps assemble ribosomes for protein synthesis.
B)is the major site of carbohydrate synthesis in eukaryotic cells.
C)produces proteins for cell membranes.
D)stores calcium ions in muscle cells.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Tay- Sachs disease

A)prevents the breakdown of glycogen.
B)causes an accumulation of lipids in brain cells.
C)involves damage to liver cells.
D)is due to the absence of an enzyme that digests polysaccharides.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A scientist wants to examine living cells lining the respiratory tract to determine how the cells use tiny hairs to move dirt and mucus away from the lungs.Which of the following instruments would be best,and why?

A)a scanning electron microscope,because it can be used to observe whole cells without slicing them
B)a light microscope,because it allows observations of whole,live cells
C)a scanning electron microscope,because it can reveal structures on cell surfaces
D)a transmission electron microscope,because it has high resolution

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The function of chloroplasts is

A)photosynthesis.
B)cellular respiration.
C)intracellular digestion.
D)lipid synthesis.

Question 5

A scientist wants to magnify a pollen grain 8,000 times and examine the ridges and pores on its surface.Which one of the following instruments would be best?

A)a fluorescence confocal microscope
B)a transmission electron microscope
C)an inverted light microscope
D)a scanning electron microscope

Question 6

Which of the following statements about cellular metabolism is false?

A)Cellular metabolism can occur within organelles.
B)Cellular metabolism often occurs on the surfaces of internal membranes.
C)Cellular metabolism occurs in animal but not plant cells.
D)Cellular metabolism includes different processes that require different conditions.

Question 7

The of a mitochondrion is/are an adaptation that increases the surface area and enhances a mitochondrion's ability to produce ATP.

A)intermembrane space
B)matrix
C)stroma
D)cristae

Question 8

The Golgi apparatus

A)is composed of stacks of membranous vesicles that are continuous with one another.
B)strings together amino acids to produce proteins.
C)stores,modifies,and packages proteins.
D)is the site of carbohydrate breakdown.

Question 9

A drug that interferes with microtubule formation is likely to completely disrupt

A)the movements of sperm cells.
B)the amoeboid motion of a cell.
C)the function of lysosomes.
D)contraction of muscle cells.

Question 10

The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell

A)contains the cell's nucleoli.
B)contains the cell's DNA.
C)separates the RNA from the cytoplasm.
D)is surrounded by a nucleoid membrane.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the functions of a plant cell central vacuole is false?

A)The central vacuole of a plant cell may store poisons.
B)The central vacuole of a plant cell may store waste products.
C)The central vacuole of a plant cell may help increase the size of cells by absorbing water.
D)The central vacuole of a plant cell may digest chemicals for recycling.

Question 12

During cell reproduction,chromatin fibers coil up into structures called

A)lysosomes.
B)nucleoli.
C)ribosomes.
D)chromosomes.

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding plasmodesmata is false?

A)Plasmodesmata carry nutrients between plant cells.
B)Plasmodesmata penetrate plant cell walls.
C)Plasmodesmata are found in plants as well as some single- celled organisms.
D)Plasmodesmata carry chemical messages between plant cells.

Question 14

Your throat is dry,and you want the last cough drop in the box to last a long time in your mouth.What should you do?

A)It doesn't matter if the cough drop is in one piece or many pieces; the total amount of cough drop is all that matters.
B)Keep the cough drop whole.This maintains the largest surface- to- volume ratio,and slows the dissolution of the cough drop.
C)Break the cough drop into little pieces and put them all in your mouth.Since each little piece must be dissolved separately,the drop will last longer.
D)Break the cough drop into little pieces and put them all in your mouth.This decreases the surface- to- volume ratio,and slows the dissolution of the cough drop.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about internal membranes in eukaryotic cells is false?

A)In eukaryotic cells,internal membranes greatly increase a cell's total membrane area.
B)In eukaryotic cells,internal membranes standardize the internal environment of all cellular organelles.
C)In eukaryotic cells,internal membranes form membranous compartments called organelles.
D)In eukaryotic cells,internal membranes provide an additional area for many metabolic processes to occur.

Question 16

Skin cells are fastened into strong sheets by

A)tight junctions.
B)communicating junctions.
C)anchoring junctions.
D)basal bodies.

Question 17

The two main functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum are the production of

A)membrane and proteins secreted by the cell.
B)ribosomes and steroid hormones.
C)hydrogen peroxide and steroid hormones secreted by the cell.
D)mitochondria and proteins secreted by the cell.

Question 18

According to this figure,which of the following is large enough to see in the light microscope?

A)mitochondria
B)proteins
C)atoms
D)viruses

Question 19

Decreased fertility in men from developed countries may be related to

A)decreased metabolic levels from overexposure to UV rays.
B)increased sperm motility from multiple flagella.
C)increased exposure to hormone- like chemicals in the environment.
D)decreased flagella motion due to inactivity.

Question 20

Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells?

A)chromosome
B)ribosomes
C)nucleoid
D)a membrane- bound nucleus

Question 21

Tay- Sachs disease results from the malfunction of

A)nucleoli.
B)mitochondria.
C)lysosomes.
D)endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 22

Which of the following statements regarding cells is false?

A)All cells can interconvert forms of energy.
B)All cells have a cell wall.
C)All cells have DNA as their genetic material.
D)All cells are enclosed in a membrane that maintains internal conditions different from the surroundings.

Question 23

Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream.Which of the following options correctly lists the order of the structures through which insulin passes from its production to its exit from the cell?

A)rough ER,transport vesicles,Golgi apparatus,transport vesicles,cell membrane
B)rough ER,Golgi apparatus,smooth ER,cell membrane
C)rough ER,transport vesicles,Golgi apparatus,vacuole,cell membrane
D)rough ER,lysosomes,transport vesicles,cell membrane

Question 24

Which of the following statements regarding the Golgi apparatus is false?

A)The Golgi apparatus decreases in size when a cell increases its protein production.
B)The Golgi apparatus works closely with the endoplasmic reticulum.
C)The Golgi apparatus modifies chemicals received from the endoplasmic reticulum.
D)The Golgi apparatus serves as a molecular warehouse and finishing factory.

Question 25

A child dies following a series of chronic bacterial infections.At the autopsy,the physicians are startled to see that the child's white blood cells are loaded with vacuoles containing intact bacteria.Which of the following explanations could account for this finding?

A)A defect in the lysosomes of the white blood cells prevented the cells from destroying engulfed bacteria.
B)A defect in the rough endoplasmic reticulum prevented the synthesis of the antibodies (defensive proteins)that would have inactivated the bacteria.
C)A defect in the cell walls of the white blood cells permitted bacteria to enter the cells.
D)A defect in the Golgi apparatus prevented the cells from processing and excreting the bacteria.

Question 26

One centimeter = _ _ millimeters.

A)10
B)100
C)0.10
D)0.01

Question 27

A scanning electron microscope is used to study _,whereas a transmission electron microscope is used to study .

A)cell surfaces ...internal cell structures
B)dead cells ...live cells
C)internal cell structures ...cell surfaces
D)live cells ...dead cells

Question 28

Plasma membranes are permeable to

A)large hydrophilic molecules such as starch.
B)nonpolar molecules such as CO2.
C)small ions such as Na+.
D)hydrophilic molecules such as glucose.

Question 29

A manufacturing company dumps its wastes into a nearby pond.One of the wastes is found to paralyze the contractile vacuoles of certain protists.A biologist looking at individual samples of these organisms taken from the pond would find that they

A)have gained water and burst.
B)have lost water and shrunk.
C)have died because wastes have built up in the cytoplasm.
D)have died of malnutrition.

Question 30

Cyanide inhibits mitochondrial function; as a result,the rate of

A)protein synthesis increases.
B)ATP synthesis decreases.
C)ATP synthesis increases.
D)photosynthesis increases.

Question 31

Which part of the mitochondrion shown enhances its ability to produce ATP by increasing the surface area of a mitochondrial membrane?

A)structure A
B)structure B
C)structure C
D)structure D

Question 32

When a cell is deprived of oxygen,its lysosomes tend to burst and release their contents into the cell.As a result of this,that cell will

A)produce replacement lysosomes.
B)undergo cell division.
C)recycle damaged organelles.
D)undergo self- digestion and die.

Question 33

Which organelle is involved in the catabolism of fatty acids and the detoxification of alcohol?

A)ribosomes
B)peroxosome
C)Golgi apparatus
D)smooth ER

Question 34

Intermediate filaments

A)guide the movements of organelles.
B)support the inner mitochondrial membrane.
C)guide the movements of chromosomes.
D)surround the nucleus.

Question 35

Which of the following would be most affected by a mutation that prevented cells from forming tight junctions?

A)attachment of cells to the surrounding matrix
B)integrity of the inner lining of the digestive tract
C)attachment of the cytoskeleton to the inside of the plasma membrane
D)direct flow of water and small molecules from one cell to another

Question 36

A bacterial cell's DNA is found in its

A)capsule.
B)ribosomes.
C)nucleus.
D)nucleoid region.

Question 37

Microfilaments differ from microtubules in that microfilaments

A)are thicker than microtubules.
B)are found only in plants,whereas microtubules are found in both plant and animal cells.
C)help to anchor organelles,whereas microtubules primarily function to help cells change shape and move.
D)are mainly composed of actin,whereas microtubules are composed of tubulin.

Question 38

Which of the following structures are used by prokaryotes for attaching to surfaces?

A)nucleoid
B)anchoring junctions
C)flagella
D)capsule

Question 39

Light microscopes

A)are generally not used to view bacteria.
B)use light and glass lenses to magnify an image.
C)typically provide more resolution than an electron microscope.
D)work by reflecting electrons off the surface of an object being studied.

Question 40

The nucleus of a cell

A)is surrounded by a single layer of membrane.
B)is the primary location of protein synthesis.
C)is contained within the nucleolus.
D)contains DNA.

Question 41

The stroma is the

A)watery fluid enclosed by the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.
B)space between the inner and outer membranes of a mitochondrion.
C)space between the inner and outer membranes of a chloroplast.
D)thick fluid enclosed by the inner chloroplast membrane.

Question 42

Which of the following statements about electron microscopes is true?

A)Scanning electron microscopes are used to study the details of internal cell structure.
B)Transmission electron microscopes are mainly used to study cell surfaces.
C)Electron microscopes focus electron beams to create a magnified image of an object.
D)Specimens must be sectioned to be viewed under a scanning electron microscope.

Question 43

An immune system cell called the plasma cell produces thousands of antibodies per second for release into the body.What type of intracellular structure would you expect to be very prominent within the cell?

A)nucleus
B)microtubules
C)peroxisome
D)endoplasmic reticulum

Question 44

The diameter of most animal and plant cells ranges from

A)10 to 100 micrometers.
B)1.0 to 10 micrometers.
C)100 to 1000 micrometers.
D)0.1 to 1.0 micrometers.

Question 45

A woman is having trouble becoming pregnant.Examination of her partner's sperm indicates that dynein feet are missing from the flagella in his sperm cells.A physician explains that this could interfere with fertility by

A)preventing the sperm from attaching to the egg cell.
B)interfering with the attachment of the flagella to the sperm.
C)preventing the sperm from producing enough energy to power swimming.
D)preventing the sperm from swimming to the egg cell.

Question 46

The function of the nucleolus is

A)intracellular digestion.
B)to manufacture ribosomal RNA.
C)to store chromatin.
D)to manufacture polypeptides.

Question 47

Which location in the cell is unlikely to contain ribosomes or ribosomal subunits?

A)nuclear envelope
B)cytoplasm
C)plasma membrane
D)endoplasmic reticulum

Question 48

Which of the following statements about lysosomes is false?

A)Lysosomes help to digest worn- out or damaged organelles.
B)Lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles to expose nutrients to lysosomal enzymes.
C)Lysosomes destroy harmful bacteria engulfed by white blood cells.
D)Lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids.

Question 49

The extracellular matrix attached to cells via glycoproteins that then bind to _ in the plasma membrane.

A)collagen
B)polysaccharides
C)integrins
D)dynein

Question 50

The endomembrane system includes all of the following organelles except the

A)plasma membrane.
B)peroxisome.
C)Golgi apparatus.
D)endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 51

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is false?

A)The cytoskeleton helps to support cells.
B)The cytoskeleton plays an important role in amoeboid motion.
C)Once laid down,the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place.
D)The cytoskeleton is composed of three types of fibers: microfilaments,microtubules,and intermediate filaments.

Question 52

Most animal cells are

A)attached to each other via plasmodesmata.
B)embedded in a lipid matrix.
C)embedded in an extracellular matrix.
D)surrounded by a cell wall.

Question 53

Cilia differ from flagella in that

A)the protein filaments of cilia are "naked," while those of flagella are wrapped in an extension of the cell membrane.
B)cilia are typically more numerous and shorter than flagella.
C)cilia are anchored only in the proteins of the cell membrane,while flagella are anchored in a special structure called the basal body.
D)cilia contain nine microtubule doublets surrounding a central pair of microtubules,while flagella contain only nine microtubule doublets.

Question 54

The function of mitochondria is

A)intracellular digestion.
B)cellular respiration.
C)lipid synthesis.
D)photosynthesis.

Question 55

The endosymbiosis hypothesis proposes that

A)two cells merged into one cell,improving the enzyme function of the new cell.
B)a large cell engulfed and digested a smaller cell,exposing its enzymes for use by the larger cell.
C)two cells were juxtaposed and one benefited from the other.
D)a small cell lived inside a larger cell to the benefit of both cells.

Question 56

Archaea are composed of cells.

A)bacterial
B)eukaryotic
C)animal
D)prokaryotic

Question 57

Which of the following statements about plant cell walls is false?

A)Plant cell walls consist of cellulose fibers embedded in a matrix of polysaccharides and proteins.
B)Plant cell walls protect plant cells by forming an impermeable layer around the cell.
C)Plant cell walls are multilayered structures.
D)Wood is primarily composed of plant cell walls.

Question 58

Mitochondria differ from chloroplasts in that mitochondria

A)convert light energy from the sun to chemical energy,whereas chloroplasts convert one form of chemical energy to another.
B)contain three different membrane- bound compartments,whereas chloroplasts contain two.
C)are not found in plants,whereas chloroplasts are not found in animals.
D)contain membrane folds called cristae,whereas chloroplasts contain disk- like vesicles in stacks called grana.

Question 59

The cells that produce hair contain a lot of ,while the cells that produce the oils that coat the hair contain a lot of _ .

A)microbodies ...lysosomes
B)rough endoplasmic reticulum ...smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C)smooth endoplasmic reticulum ...rough endoplasmic reticulum
D)smooth endoplasmic reticulum ...lysosomes

Question 60

Which of the following cells has the greatest surface- to- volume ratio?

A)human red blood cell
B)bacterium
C)human muscle cell
D)ostrich egg

Question 61

Contractile vacuoles

A)are generally found in protists that inhabit salt water.
B)allow organisms to avoid dehydration by absorbing water from the environment.
C)help in the excretion of excess salt.
D)prevent cells from bursting as a result of the influx of excess water.

Question 62

cells lack a membrane- enclosed nucleus.

A)Eukaryotic
B)Fungal
C)Plant
D)Prokaryotic

Question 63

You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant,animal,or bacterial.You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane- bound organelles.You conclude correctly that the cells

A)could be either plant or bacterial cells.
B)are bacterial cells.
C)are animal cells.
D)are plant cells.

Question 64

Which of the following statements regarding the endomembrane system is false?

A)The endomembrane system includes the nuclear envelope.
B)The endomembrane system is a system of interrelated membranes that are all physically connected.
C)The endomembrane system includes the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
D)The endomembrane system is involved in the synthesis,storage,and export of important molecules.

Question 65

It is essential for heart muscle cells to beat in a coordinated fashion.The cell junctions that would best facilitate this are

A)occluding junctions.
B)gap junctions.
C)anchoring junctions.
D)tight junctions.

Question 66

The membranous compartmentalization of a cell

A)divides the cell into two equal- sized halves.
B)requires the presence of a cell wall.
C)allows different chemical conditions to be maintained in different parts of the cell.
D)is common to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Question 67

Which of the following statements about cells is true?

A)All cells have cell walls.
B)All cells are motile.
C)All cells are attached to other cells.
D)All cells have internal structures that move.

Question 68

The endosymbiosis hypothesis is supported by all of the following pieces of evidence,except the fact that

A)chloroplasts reproduce through a splitting process like certain prokaryotes.
B)mitochondria use ATP like prokaryotes.
C)chloroplasts have ribosomes like prokaryotes.
D)mitochondria have circular DNA like prokaryotes.

Question 69

Protein synthesis requires the use of mRNA,which

A)carries the message to the nucleus to synthesize new DNA during cell division.
B)is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins.
C)is made in the nucleolus.
D)must be made by the ribosomes.

Question 70

The complex of proteins and DNA in a nondividing cell is called

A)a lysosome.
B)a ribosome.
C)chromatin.
D)a nucleolus.

Question 71

Unlike animal cells,plant cells have and .Unlike plant cells,animal cells have .

A)chloroplasts ...cell walls ...centrioles
B)chloroplasts ...cell walls ...a nucleus
C)centrioles ...chloroplasts ...cell walls
D)centrioles ...cell walls ...large central vacuoles

Question 72

In the plasma membrane,the phospholipid heads

A)are hydrophilic and face outward towards the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane
B)are hydrophobic and face inward,shielded from water
C)are hydrophilic and face inward,shielded from water
D)are hydrophobic and face outward towards the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane

Question 73

The idea that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells defines

A)cell theory.
B)the laws of inheritance.
C)organelle theory.
D)inheritance of acquired characteristics.

Question 74

A cell is exposed to a substance that prevents it from dividing.The cell becomes larger and larger.This situation

A)should present no problem to the cell,because the surface area of the cell will increase as the volume of the cell increases.
B)should present no problem to the cell,since it can continue to perform all other necessary functions.
C)should be beneficial,since the cell will be able to divert the ATP normally used for cell division to other processes.
D)will eventually be problematic,since the cell's ability to absorb nutrients through its outer membrane will not keep increasing as quickly as its cytoplasmic needs.

Question 75

As cell size increases,the

A)surface area increases faster than the volume.
B)volume and surface area decrease.
C)surface area and volume increase at the same rate.
D)volume increases faster than the surface area.

Question 76

Which of the following cell structures is associated with the breakdown of harmful substances or substances that are no longer needed by the cell?

A)peroxisomes
B)centrioles
C)chloroplasts
D)mitochondria

Question 77

Secretory proteins are

A)produced by the cell for internal use.
B)released from the cell through the plasma membrane.
C)produced by ribosomes on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
D)chemically modified in the nucleus.

Question 78

Resolution is the

A)size of an image.
B)ability of an optical instrument to show two close objects as separate.
C)distance between the lenses of a microscope.
D)ability of an optical instrument to magnify an image.