Deck 3: The Molecules of Cells

Question 1

Organic compounds

A)always contain carbon.
B)always contain oxygen.
C)always contain nitrogen.
D)are synthesized only by animal cells.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

High- fructose corn syrup is made from corn.The main carbohydrate in corn is a polysaccharide called

A)starch.
B)fructose.
C)hydrocarbon.
D)cellulose.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Glucose molecules are to starch as are to proteins.

A)monosaccharides
B)amino acids
C)oils
D)fatty acids

Answer 3

B

Question 4

If you were to add olive oil to your food as part of a diet to lower your risk of atherosclerotic disease,you would use olive oil that

A)is hydrogenated.
B)is modified to be solid at room temperature.
C)has lard added to it.
D)is liquid at room temperature.

Question 5

Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by

A)the type of bond between the R group and the rest of the amino acid molecule.
B)the chemical properties of their R groups.
C)the number of R groups found on the amino acid molecules.
D)the chemical properties of their amino and carboxyl groups.

Question 6

A disaccharide forms when

A)two starches join by dehydration synthesis.
B)two starches join by hydrolysis.
C)two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis.
D)two monosaccharides join by hydrolysis.

Question 7

A phospholipid is composed of

A)one fatty acid molecule linked to one glycerol molecule and two phosphate groups.
B)one fatty acid molecule linked to three glycerol molecules.
C)one glycerol molecule linked to three phosphate groups.
D)one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids.

Question 8

Mad cow disease serves as an example of how interdependent and _ _ are to protein.

A)solubility ...texture
B)form ...construction
C)adaptability ...development
D)structure ...function

Question 9

Peptide bonds

A)are used to form amino acids.
B)are formed by a hydrolysis reaction.
C)link amino acids.
D)form between fatty acids.

Question 10

Which of the following characteristics of protein will remain intact if the protein is denatured?

A)the binding properties of the protein
B)the shape of the protein
C)the function of the protein
D)the number of amino acids in the protein

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of secondary structure in a protein?

A)a globular shape
B)an alpha helix
C)the joining of two polypeptide chains
D)a particular amino acid sequence

Question 12

The development of atherosclerotic disease can result from a diet high in

A)sugars.
B)saturated fats.
C)protein.
D)fiber.

Question 13

The storage form of carbohydrates is in animals and in plants.

A)glycogen ...cellulose
B)glycogen ...starch
C)starch ...glycogen
D)cellulose ...glycogen

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false?

A)Monomers serve as building blocks for polymers.
B)The monomers used to make polymers are essentially universal.
C)Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis.
D)Cells typically make all of their macromolecules from a set of 40-50 common monomers and a few other ingredients that are rare.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about animal cell lipids is false?

A)Fats are a form of lipid that function to store energy.
B)Cholesterol is a type of lipid that is a component of cell membranes and steroid hormones.
C)Many lipids function as enzymes.
D)Phospholipids are important components of cell membranes.

Question 16

A diet high in animal products and hydrogenated vegetable margarine may increase the risk for atherosclerosis.This is because

A)most animal fats are used for energy storage and most hydrogenated vegetable margarines contain high levels of unsaturated fats.
B)most animal fats are saturated and many hydrogenated vegetable margarines contain high levels of trans fats.
C)most animal fats are unsaturated and most hydrogenated vegetable margarines contain high levels of steroids.
D)most hydrogenated vegetable margarines are hydrogenated oils and most animal products contain high levels of phospholipids.

Question 17

What is the general function of enzymes within a cell?

A)to speed up chemical reactions
B)to stop chemical reactions
C)to induce chemical reactions
D)to promote the synthesis of monomers

Question 18

Lactose intolerance is the inability to

A)digest lactose.
B)produce milk proteins.
C)digest cellulose.
D)produce lactose.

Question 19

How are these two amino acids attached together?

A)through a hydrolysis reaction
B)amino group to carboxylic acid group
C)carboxylic acid group to carboxylic acid group
D)amino group to amino group

Question 20

In what part of the world did the mutation for lactose tolerance first appear?

A)Northern Europe
B)Eastern Asia
C)South America
D)North America

Question 21

Which of the following statements regarding triglyceride molecules is false?

A)Triglycerides consist of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol.
B)Triglycerides are a type of fat.
C)Triglycerides play a role in energy storage.
D)Triglycerides are hydrophilic.

Question 22

Proteins differ from one another because

A)the peptide bonds linking amino acids differ from protein to protein.
B)each protein contains its own unique sequence of sugar molecules.
C)the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to protein.
D)the number of nucleotides found in each protein varies from molecule to molecule.

Question 23

Which of the following functional groups is capable of regulating gene expression?

A)-CO
B)-CH3
C)-OH
D)-COOH

Question 24

Which one of the following would be correctly classified as a protein?

A)enzymes
B)cholesterol
C)starch
D)cellulose

Question 25

The tertiary structure of a polypeptide refers to

A)the amino acids of which it is made.
B)its size.
C)the overall three- dimensional structure.
D)the presence of pleated sheets.

Question 26

Sucrose is formed

A)from two glucose molecules.
B)when glucose and lactose are combined.
C)when ionic bonds link two monosaccharides.
D)from two monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis.

Question 27

How are genes used by cells to build proteins?

A)The genes in DNA direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule,which is used to build a protein.
B)The genes in RNA direct the synthesis of a DNA molecule,which is used to build a protein.
C)The genes in RNA direct the synthesis of proteins directly.
D)DNA is transcribed into an amino acid sequence.

Question 28

The primary structure of a protein is

A)composed of two or more polypeptide chains.
B)an a helix or a pleated sheet.
C)the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain.
D)maintained by hydrogen bonds.

Question 29

A molecule with the formula C55H110O55 is probably a(n)

A)steroid.
B)oil.
C)polysaccharide.
D)protein.

Question 30

The results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by

A)the addition of an amino group.
B)polymerization.
C)condensation.
D)hydrolysis.

Question 31

These two molecules are structural isomers.What is the difference between them?

A)Only one of them has a double bond between carbon atoms.
B)the number of carbon atoms
C)the location of a double- bonded oxygen atom
D)the number of hydrogen atoms

Question 32

Why did the lactose tolerance mutation in the East African herders spread so rapidly within the population?

A)Milk was a good source of protein during the winter.
B)It was a selective advantage for survival during droughts.
C)Lactose was a better source of energy than glucose.
D)Milk provided calcium for strong bones.

Question 33

Which of the following statements regarding nucleotides is false?

A)Nucleotides can be linked together to form nucleic acids.
B)Nucleotides contain lipids.
C)Nucleotides contain sugar molecules.
D)Nucleotides contain nitrogenous bases.

Question 34

Cellulose differs from starch in that

A)most animals cannot break down cellulose,whereas starch is easily digested.
B)starch is made of glucose monomers,whereas cellulose is made of fructose monomers.
C)cellulose is highly branched,whereas starch is unbranched.
D)glycogen is formed by plants and cellulose by animals.

Question 35

Which of the following options correctly pairs a polymer and its monomer?

A)RNA,ribose
B)collagen,nucleic acids
C)DNA,nucleotides
D)cellulose,amino acids

Question 36

A scientist suspects that the food in an ecosystem may have been contaminated with radioactive nitrogen over a period of months.Which of the following substances could be examined for radioactivity to test the hypothesis?

A)the sugars produced during photosynthesis by plants growing in the ecosystem
B)the hair produced by humans living in the ecosystem
C)the cholesterol in the cell membranes of organisms living in the ecosystem
D)the cell walls of plants growing in the ecosystem

Question 37

Lactose intolerance

A)is common in people of all ages,from infancy to adulthood.
B)is most common in people of European descent.
C)does not affect the consumption of beverages made from soy or rice.
D)can currently be treated by gene therapy to treat the underlying cause.

Question 38

Which of the following organisms contain the polysaccharide chitin?

A)animals and plants
B)plants and bacteria
C)insects and plants
D)fungi and insects

Question 39

The molecular formula of most monosaccharides represents a multiple of

A)CHO.
B)CH2O.
C)CH3O.
D)CHO2.

Question 40

Which of the following statements about enzymes is false?

A)They function as chemical catalysts.
B)They regulate virtually all chemical reactions in a cell.
C)They are monomers used to build proteins.
D)They increase the rate of chemical reactions.

Question 41

An oil may be converted into a substance that is solid at room temperature by

A)removing water,causing a dehydration synthesis reaction to occur.
B)adding hydrogens,decreasing the number of double bonds in the molecules.
C)removing hydrogens,increasing the number of double bonds.
D)cooling it,so that double bonds form and the fats solidify.

Question 42

Foods that are high in fiber are most likely derived from

A)plants.
B)fish.
C)dairy products.
D)red meats.

Question 43

Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be

A)unsaturated.
B)monoglycerides.
C)completely hydrogenated.
D)saturated.

Question 44

DNA differs from RNA because DNA

A)contains thymine in place of uracil.
B)contains the sugar ribose rather than the sugar deoxyribose.
C)contains phosphate groups not found in RNA.
D)consists of a single rather than a double polynucleotide strand.

Question 45

Propanol and isopropanol are isomers.This means that they have

A)the same molecular formula,but represent different states of the compound.
B)different molecular formulas,but the same chemical properties.
C)the same molecular formula and the same chemical properties.
D)the same molecular formula,but different chemical properties.

Question 46

Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis is false?

A)Animal digestive systems utilize this process to break down food.
B)H2O is formed as the monomers are joined.
C)One monomer loses a hydrogen atom,and the other loses a hydroxyl group.
D)Covalent bonds are formed between the monomers.

Question 47

A hydroxyl group is

A)characteristic of proteins.
B)characteristic of alcohols.
C)basic.
D)also called a carbonyl group.

Question 48

Which of the following statements regarding carbon is false?

A)Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms.
B)Carbon has the capacity to form single and double bonds.
C)Carbon has a tendency to form covalent bonds.
D)Carbon has the ability to bond together to form extensive,branched,or unbranched "carbon skeletons."

Question 49

Proteins cannot be denatured by

A)changes in salt concentration.
B)freezing.
C)changes in pH.
D)heat.

Question 50

You work for a company that manufactures food products.A new "wonder food" is being distributed by a rival company.The researchers in your company determine that the "wonder food" contains only carbon,oxygen,and hydrogen.At this point,your researchers can say with certainty that the food

A)could only be made of triglycerides.
B)does not include proteins or nucleic acids.
C)could only be made of carbohydrates.
D)includes proteins.

Question 51

Which of the following substances is a lipid?

A)cellulose
B)steroids
C)enzymes
D)DNA

Question 52

Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because

A)they chew their food so thoroughly that cellulose fibers are broken down.
B)their intestinal tract contains cellulose- hydrolyzing microorganisms.
C)they convert cellulose into starch,which is easily broken down in the intestinal tract.
D)they produce the enzymes that break down cellulose.

Question 53

Which of the following statements about anabolic steroids is false?

A)They can stimulate mood swings and violent behavior.
B)They promote bone growth.
C)They often cause the body to reduce its normal output of sex hormones.
D)They cause a general buildup of muscle mass.

Question 54

Which of the following lists contains only polysaccharides?

A)starch,amino acids,and glycogen
B)sucrose,starch,and cellulose
C)cellulose,starch,and glycogen
D)fructose,cellulose,and glucose

Question 55

Which of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino group?

A)vinegar
B)fats
C)sugars
D)amino acids

Question 56

Which of the following statements about hydrocarbons is false?

A)Hydrocarbons can form straight,branched or ringed structures.
B)Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
C)Hydrocarbons consist of atoms linked by single and double bonds.
D)Hydrocarbons are inorganic compounds.

Question 57

Which of the following statements about the functional groups of organic compounds is false?

A)Functional groups help make organic compounds hydrophilic.
B)Functional groups participate in chemical reactions.
C)All functional groups include a carbon atom.
D)Many biological molecules have two or more functional groups.

Question 58

Structural proteins

A)are found in hair and tendons.
B)include ovalbumin,a protein found in egg white.
C)include receptor molecules.
D)include hemoglobin.

Question 59

A protein containing more than one polypeptide chain exhibits the level of protein structure.

A)quaternary
B)tertiary
C)secondary
D)primary

Question 60

Which of the following is an amino group?

A)-CO
B)-OH
C)-COOH
D)-NH2

Question 61

Which of the following is a carboxyl group?

A)-OH
B)-C=O
C)-NH2
D)-COOH

Question 62

A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is

A)phospholipids.
B)triglycerides.
C)glycerol.
D)waxes.

Question 63

What feature of fats makes them hydrophobic?

A)Fats have carboxyl groups.
B)Fats include one glycerol molecule.
C)Fats have nonpolar hydrocarbon chains.
D)Fats have polar fatty acids.

Question 64

Many names for sugars end in the suffix

A)- hyde.
B)- ase.
C)- ose.
D)- acid.