Deck 27: Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Question 1

In which part of the human female reproductive system does fertilization normally take place?

A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The function of a sperm cell's acrosome is to

A)carry the sperm's nucleus.
B)carry the fuel that powers the sperm.
C)carry enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the egg.
D)fuse with the jelly coat of the egg cell.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Cells migrate from one place to another during gastrulation using

A)flagella.
B)cellular protrusions.
C)peristalsis.
D)cilia.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following serves as an impenetrable barrier that prevents more than one sperm from fertilizing an egg?

A)the acrosome
B)the jelly coat of the egg
C)the vitelline layer
D)the sperm's plasma membrane

Question 5

The discovery of _ _ explains embryonic pattern formation in a wide variety of organisms.

A)programmed cell death
B)homeotic genes
C)induction
D)the three- dimensional forms of animals

Question 6

Which part of this figuring depicting a gastrula is the mesoderm?

A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D

Question 7

Which part of this figure depicting the human male reproductive system is the epididymis?

A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D

Question 8

A major goal of developmental research is to understand

A)DNA transcription.
B)how DNA directs formation of a three- dimensional animal.
C)evolutionary similarities between species.
D)hormone interactions.

Question 9

Which of the following produces a thick fluid containing fructose,which is used for energy by sperm?

A)bulbourethral gland
B)seminal vesicles
C)epididymis
D)prostate gland

Question 10

What would happen if the chorion failed to secrete human chorionic gonadotropin?

A)The embryo would be aborted.
B)The maternal elements of the placenta would fail to develop.
C)The fetal elements of the placenta would fail to develop.
D)Neural tube formation would not occur,and the embryo would have no central nervous system.

Question 11

Which of the following generates the ATP that is required for movement of the sperm's tail?

A)a mitochondrion in the neck and middle piece
B)the acrosome
C)mitochondria in the sperm tail
D)the sperm plasma membrane

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the reproductive system of human females is true?

A)The corpus luteum secretes progesterone,which helps maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy.
B)In human females,eggs develop within the uterus.
C)The cervix is an important structure of sexual arousal.
D)After 9 months of development,an embryo is called a fetus.

Question 13

Which of the following occurs during the process of labor?

A)negative feedback involving oxytocin and prostaglandins
B)positive feedback involving estrogen and human chorionic gonadotropin
C)negative feedback involving estrogen and human chorionic gonadotropin
D)positive feedback involving oxytocin and prostaglandins

Question 14

When a chemical signal from a group of embryonic cells causes a different,nearby group of cells to embark on a particular developmental course (say,differentiating into a leg),the interaction between the two groups of cells is called

A)coordinated differentiation.
B)potentiation.
C)codifferentiation.
D)induction.

Question 15

The human embryo's first blood cells arise in the

A)developing bone marrow.
B)developing liver.
C)allantois.
D)yolk sac.

Question 16

Human testes are positioned in an external sac rather than in the abdominal cavity

A)so the testes can be kept cooler than the body's interior.
B)to shorten the distance that semen must travel during ejaculation.
C)to shorten the distance that sperm must swim during insemination.
D)so the testes can enlarge during sexual maturation.

Question 17

Another term for gestation is

A)development.
B)pregnancy.
C)fertilization.
D)conception.

Question 18

Which of the following options correctly represents the sequence in which most animals develop?

A)zygote,cleavage,blastula,gastrula,organ formation
B)zygote,cleavage,gastrula,blastula,organ formation
C)cleavage,zygote,gastrula,blastula,organ formation
D)zygote,cleavage,organ formation,blastula,gastrula

Question 19

Which of the following STDs is caused by a virus that can also cause cancer?

A)syphilis
B)candidiasis
C)gonorrhea
D)genital warts

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding birth control is true?

A)Birth control pills work primarily by preventing fertilization and implantation.
B)Morning- after pills taken within three days of unprotected intercourse prevent fertilization or implantation about 75% of the time.
C)Natural family planning is generally reliable.
D)The most widely used birth control pills contain a combination of FSH and LH.

Question 21

Which of the following hormones stimulates the growth of an ovarian follicle?

A)LH
B)progesterone
C)FSH
D)estrogen

Question 22

At which gestational age does a developing human fetus first look obviously human and not like other vertebrate embryos?

A)4 weeks
B)9 weeks
C)4 months
D)2 weeks

Question 23

Men who take very long,hot baths are likely to

A)produce healthier sperm.
B)produce more sperm and ones that are healthier.
C)produce fewer sperm.
D)produce more sperm.

Question 24

A decrease in is followed by the gradual degradation of the corpus luteum.

A)FSH
B)LH
C)progesterone
D)estrogen

Question 25

Which of the following events occurs first during embryonic development?

A)gastrulation
B)cleavage
C)neurulation
D)organ formation

Question 26

Which of the following statements regarding spermatogenesis and oogenesis is true?

A)Spermatogenesis begins at birth.
B)Meiosis in oogenesis produces one mature egg from one primary oocyte.
C)Meiosis in spermatogenesis produces two cells from one primary spermatocyte.
D)Oogenesis begins at puberty.

Question 27

Which of the following occurs during cellular migration and development into specialized tissue?

A)Similar cells glue themselves in place by secreting glycoproteins.
B)Cells are transferred to the appropriate region of the embryo via the bloodstream.
C)Most cells of the developing tissue undergo the process of apoptosis.
D)Cells fuse to produce multinucleated giant cells.

Question 28

Which of the following processes is most similar to the process of cleavage?

A)stringing beads onto a string
B)slicing up a pie into eight pieces
C)inflating a balloon
D)melting a stick of butter in a hot pan

Question 29

The embryo implants in the of the uterus.

A)myometrium
B)exometrium
C)perimetrium
D)endometrium

Question 30

When does the human blastocyst implant in the wall of the uterus?

A)only after all four extraembryonic membranes become established.
B)within a few hours of fertilization
C)about a day after conception
D)about a week after conception

Question 31

Fertilization in the female reproductive tract typically occurs in the

A)lower part of the oviduct.
B)uterus.
C)ovary.
D)upper part of the oviduct.

Question 32

After being produced in the testes,sperm mature further in a structure called the

A)vas deferens.
B)seminal vesicle.
C)prostate.
D)epididymis.

Question 33

What occurs during gastrulation?

A)A hollow blastula is changed into a hollow embryo that has three tissue layers.
B)A solid blastula is changed into a hollow embryo that has four tissue layers.
C)A solid embryo is changed into a hollow morula.
D)A neural tube is created by invagination of the ectoderm.

Question 34

Fission is an asexual process

A)that allows regeneration of lost body parts.
B)that occurs in individuals that live in isolated areas.
C)in which a parent fragments into several pieces.
D)in which a parent separates into two individuals of approximately equal size.

Question 35

Which of the following structures contributes to the structure of the placenta as well as completely surrounding the embryo?

A)yolk sac
B)allantois
C)amnion
D)chorion

Question 36

Which of the following statements regarding infertility and fertilization procedures is true?

A)In GIFT,sperm are injected into an embryo in vitro,and the embryo is placed into the oviducts.
B)Children conceived using reproductive technologies such as IVF and ICSI display a high rate of abnormalities resulting from these procedures.
C)In IVF,fertilization occurs in a dish.The embryo is allowed to develop for several days,then the embryo is placed into the uterus.
D)Embryos fertilized through assisted reproductive technologies cannot be frozen for later use,as they degrade rapidly.

Question 37

Two important contributions that cleavage makes to development are to

A)create a multicellular embryo and establish the basic tissues of the body.
B)establish the basic tissues of the body and define the future nervous system.
C)establish the basic body plan and determine the location of the mouth and anus.
D)create a multicellular embryo and partition the embryo into developmental regions.

Question 38

Hermaphrodites are animals that

A)possess both male and female reproductive systems.
B)develop from unfertilized eggs.
C)must fertilize themselves.
D)have the gonads of one sex but the external appearance of the other.

Question 39

Which of the following statements comparing spermatogenesis and oogenesis is true?

A)Men,but not women,can produce gametes throughout their lives.
B)During oogenesis,four cells are produced with each sharing equally the cytoplasm from the parent cell.
C)Spermatogenesis and oogenesis rely upon mitosis to produce gametes.
D)Spermatogenesis,but not oogenesis,is an example of gametogenesis.

Question 40

The human egg is swept through the oviduct toward the uterus by

A)the beating of the egg's cilia.
B)the beating of cilia in the oviduct.
C)rhythmic contractions of the uterus.
D)rhythmic contractions of the oviduct.

Question 41

Which of the following is not a potential advantage of asexual reproduction?

A)It saves the time and energy required to produce gametes.
B)It allows animals that are genetically well suited to a particular environment to quickly expand their populations.
C)It allows animals that do not move around to produce offspring without finding mates.
D)It produces genetically diverse populations.

Question 42

Which of the following structures develops from mesodermal tissue?

A)lining of the digestive tract
B)muscles
C)skin
D)nervous system

Question 43

Research indicates that respond(s)to signals that inform a cell about its position relative to other cells in the embryo.

A)nervous tissue ...hormonal
B)organs ...radio
C)master control genes ...chemical
D)organelles ...chemical

Question 44

Which of the following processes dominates the third trimester of human development?

A)rapid growth
B)formation of hair and fingernails
C)organ formation
D)formation of external features such as arms and legs

Question 45

Reproductive systems with external fertilization are most common in

A)animals that are widely dispersed.
B)aquatic animals.
C)populations with many more males than females.
D)terrestrial animals.

Question 46

Which of the following options correctly lists the three stages of labor in the order in which they occur?

A)dilation,crowning,expulsion
B)contractions,dilation,expulsion
C)dilation,crowning,delivery of the placenta
D)dilation,expulsion,delivery of the placenta

Question 47

Which of the following agents can cause an infection that can ultimately develop into pelvic inflammatory disease in women?

A)Treponema pallidum
B)Chlamydia trachomatis
C)papilloma virus
D)Candida albicans

Question 48

At the end of gastrulation,the ectoderm makes up the

A)lining of the embryonic digestive tract.
B)outer layer of the gastrula.
C)inner layer of the gastrula.
D)embryonic nervous system.

Question 49

Contractions in uterine smooth muscle during labor are initiated by

A)oxytocin.
B)prolactin.
C)estrogen.
D)epinephrine.

Question 50

Which of the following statements regarding sexual reproduction is true?

A)Sexual reproduction generates greater genetic variation than asexual reproduction.
B)Sexual reproduction creates an individual that is a genetic copy of one parent.
C)Sexual reproduction allows animals to expand their populations faster than asexual reproduction.
D)Populations of organisms that reproduce through sexual reproduction generally have more difficulty adapting to changing environments.

Question 51

Between 1980 and 2006,the rate of multiple births in the United States more than doubled,primarily as a result of

A)increased use of fertility drugs.
B)increased exposure to new sources of radiation.
C)better physical condition of potential mothers.
D)better nutrition available for potential mothers.

Question 52

Which of the following results from cleavage?

A)formation of the nervous system
B)formation of the notochord
C)segmentation
D)formation of more cells

Question 53

The brain and spinal cord are formed from

A)the neural tube,which forms from ectoderm
B)the neural tube,which forms from mesoderm
C)the notochord,which forms from endoderm
D)the notochord,which forms from mesoderm

Question 54

Sterilization,in which the sperm is surgically prevented from reaching the egg,is accomplished by

A)mifepristone.
B)cervical capping.
C)the rhythm method.
D)tubal ligation or vasectomy.

Question 55

Which of the following describes apoptosis?

A)phagocytosis
B)gastrulation
C)neural tube formation
D)programmed cell death

Question 56

The yolk sac of humans

A)absorbs nutrients from,and releases waste to,the mother's blood.
B)secretes HCG.
C)is evidence of human's relationships to egg- laying vertebrates.
D)stores nutrients to support the developing embryo.