Deck 25: Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding freshwater fish is true?

A)Freshwater fish do not produce urine.
B)Freshwater fish lose water through their gills by osmosis.
C)Freshwater fish frequently drink to obtain salt ions.
D)Freshwater fish use their gills to actively take up salt ions.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The first step in the formation of urine is the

A)reabsorption of nutrients by Bowman's capsule.
B)secretion of urea into the renal pelvis.
C)secretion of hydrogen ions into the kidney tubules.
D)formation of filtrate that enters Bowman's capsule.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the advantage of excreting nitrogenous waste in the form of ammonia?

A)Ammonia excretion conserves energy.
B)Ammonia is less toxic than uric acid.
C)Ammonia is less soluble than uric acid.
D)Ammonia does not diffuse across cell membranes.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following options correctly lists the structures in the kidney in the order in which fluid flows through them?

A)proximal tubule,Bowman's capsule,loop of Henle,distal tubule,glomerulus
B)glomerulus,Bowman's capsule,proximal tubule,loop of Henle,distal tubule
C)glomerulus,proximal tubule,distal tubule,Bowman's capsule,loop of Henle
D)Bowman's capsule,proximal tubule,loop of Henle,distal tubule,glomerulus

Question 5

Through which of the following structures does urine leave the bladder?

A)renal medulla
B)distal convoluted tubule
C)urethra
D)ureter

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the vertebrate liver?

A)excreting urea
B)producing urea from uric acid and carbon dioxide
C)synthesizing ammonia from uric acid
D)combining ammonia and carbon dioxide to form urea

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the excretory system?

A)elimination of undigested foods
B)detoxification
C)maintenance of water balance
D)production of urea

Question 8

The transfer of heat from arteries carrying warm blood past veins returning cooler blood is an example of

A)behavioral thermoregulation.
B)a countercurrent heat exchanger.
C)evaporative cooling.
D)insulation.

Question 9

The dialyzing solution used during kidney dialysis functions much like a fluid associated with a nephron.What is the fluid?

A)interstitial fluid
B)the filtrate in the distal tubule
C)the filtrate in the proximal tubule
D)the filtrate in the Loop of Henle

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding saltwater fish is true?

A)The concentration of solutes in the internal fluids of saltwater fish is much lower than in the surrounding water.
B)The concentration of solutes in the internal fluids of saltwater fish is higher than in the surrounding environment.
C)Saltwater fish must visit freshwater streams and rivers entering the ocean to maintain the correct concentration of solutes in their internal fluids.
D)Saltwater fish produce large amounts of diluted urine.

Question 11

To conserve precious salts,freshwater fish

A)produce large amounts of urine.
B)eliminate water by osmosis.
C)produce small amounts of urine.
D)drink through their gills.

Question 12

Which of the following physiological responses occurs in the human body when it becomes overheated?

A)constriction of blood vessels in the skin
B)increased blood flow to the skin
C)retention of water
D)slowing of the heart rate

Question 13

Where along the nephron is glucose reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood?

A)Bowman's capsule
B)proximal tubule
C)loop of Henle
D)distal tubule

Question 14

In a dialysis machine,wastes are removed from blood plasma by a process of

A)diffusion.
B)reabsorption and diffusion.
C)filtration and reabsorption.
D)absorption and reabsorption.

Question 15

During filtration in the glomerulus,which of the following will enter Bowman's capsule from the bloodstream?

A)lymphocytes
B)nucleic acids
C)water
D)ammonia

Question 16

Why must water that has moved to the interstitial fluid in the medulla be quickly removed from the interstitial fluid?

A)to maintain an environment for transport of nutrients
B)to prevent destruction of the concentration gradient necessary for water reabsorption
C)to equilibrate the concentration of solutes in the cortex and medulla
D)to prevent dilution of urine

Question 17

Which of the following statements about uric acid is true?

A)Uric acid cannot be excreted because of its toxicity.
B)The darker material in bird droppings is mostly uric acid.
C)Uric acid is more soluble in water than urea.
D)Animals that excrete uric acid avoid the problem of water loss associated with excretion of urea.

Question 18

Which of the following processes involves heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

A)evaporation
B)induction
C)irradiation
D)suppuration

Question 19

The overall process that refines the filtrate and ultimately returns water and valuable solutes to the blood is known as

A)collection.
B)excretion.
C)reabsorption.
D)purification.

Question 20

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone?

A)to increase urination
B)to counter the effects of alcohol consumption
C)to increase water reabsorption
D)to stimulate sodium reabsorption

Question 21

What is the name of the functional unit of the kidney?

A)renal unit
B)glomerulus
C)nephron
D)Bowman's capsule

Question 22

It is a cool winter evening,and you are feeling a little chilled.To warm yourself up,you sip some warm tea.As you swallow,you can feel the tea warm your mouth and throat.This tea is warming you up by the process of

A)induction.
B)convection.
C)conduction.
D)radiation.

Question 23

Which part of the nephron shown is its proximal tubule?

A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D

Question 24

Which arrow in this schematic view of the nephron shows reabsorption?

A)arrow A
B)arrow B
C)arrow C
D)arrow D

Question 25

Urine flows from the collecting duct into the

A)ureter.
B)renal pelvis.
C)distal tubule.
D)urethra.

Question 26

The land animals that evolved from earlier aquatic forms had to change their mechanisms for excreting nitrogenous wastes because

A)land animals found better food sources.
B)land animals had a more difficult time with water balance than aquatic species since water was not always available on land.
C)aquatic animals did not have as much protein in their diets as did land animals.
D)land animals concurrently developed a more efficient reproduction system.

Question 27

Secretion is the movement of substances such as drugs or toxic molecules from the into the .

A)glomerulus ...nephron tubule
B)urinary bladder ...outside
C)blood ...filtrate
D)nephron tubule ...glomerulus

Question 28

Which arrow in this figure shows heat transfer by conduction?

A)arrow A
B)arrow B
C)arrow C
D)arrow D

Question 29

Which of the following statements regarding the urinary system is true?

A)Most glomeruli are located in the renal medulla.
B)The urethra is responsible for transporting urea from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
C)The urinary bladder receives ammonia for excretion.
D)Bowman's capsule envelops the glomerulus.

Question 30

Which of the following kinds of animals excrete their nitrogenous waste entirely as ammonia?

A)fish
B)birds
C)insects
D)garden snails

Question 31

Which of the following by- products of metabolism is most toxic?

A)urea
B)lactic acid
C)carbon monoxide
D)ammonia

Question 32

To enhance heat loss,humans sweat,an adaptation known as

A)homeostasis.
B)a behavioral response.
C)the maintenance principle.
D)evaporative cooling.

Question 33

During production of urine,a major function of the kidney is

A)uric acid production.
B)amino acid production.
C)water conservation.
D)detoxification.

Question 34

Birds,like other animals,must eliminate ammonia or urea,and do so by converting them to

A)sodium chloride.
B)amino acids.
C)uric acid.
D)ammonium ions.

Question 35

Water moves out of filtrate in the nephron tubule into the interstitial fluid by

A)capillary action.
B)osmosis.
C)secretion.
D)refinement.

Question 36

What is the function of urea reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney?

A)It moves the urea into the ascending limb of the loop of Henle so that it can be excreted from there in the urine.
B)It reduces the salinity of the renal medulla and thus helps regulate how much water is reabsorbed from the urine.
C)It increases the osmotic concentration of the interstitial fluid in the renal medulla so that more water can be extracted from the urine.
D)It restores the correct concentration of blood urea.

Question 37

Animals that maintain internal body temperature using heat generated by their own metabolism are called

A)endotherms.
B)thermoregulators.
C)aerophiles.
D)dormants.

Question 38

Natural selection is nature's mechanism for selecting characteristics that best adapt the animal to its environment.Mammals have evolved a sophisticated mechanism for eliminating nitrogenous wastes that involves

A)recycling urea and using it as an energy source.
B)secretion through cell membranes.
C)producing uric acid and excreting it with feces.
D)forming urea and storing it in concentrated solution.

Question 39

Marine animals that have body fluids with a solute concentration equal to that of the surrounding seawater are

A)osmoconformers.
B)osmoregulators.
C)osmoinformers.
D)hypertonic.

Question 40

Thermoregulation,an important part of homeostasis,is defined as

A)a mechanism for utilizing body fat.
B)the mechanisms that allow an animal to hibernate without food or drink.
C)the maintenance of internal body temperature within a tolerable range.
D)reduced blood flow to an animal's extremities.