Deck 26: Hormones and the Endocrine System
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Deck 26: Hormones and the Endocrine System
1
Which of the following pairs of hormones have opposite effects?
A)parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
B)progesterone and insulin
C)oxytocin and prolactin
D)testosterone and melatonin
A)parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
B)progesterone and insulin
C)oxytocin and prolactin
D)testosterone and melatonin
A
2
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship of insulin to glucagon?
A)They are antagonistic hormones.
B)Insulin is a steroid hormone; glucagon is a protein hormone.
C)They work together to prepare the body to deal with stress.
D)Insulin stimulates the pancreas to secrete glucagon.
A)They are antagonistic hormones.
B)Insulin is a steroid hormone; glucagon is a protein hormone.
C)They work together to prepare the body to deal with stress.
D)Insulin stimulates the pancreas to secrete glucagon.
A
3
Which of the following options lists the sequence of events in the cell- signaling process in the correct order?
A)signal transduction,reception,response
B)reception,response,signal transduction
C)reception,signal transduction,response
D)signal transduction,response,reception
A)signal transduction,reception,response
B)reception,response,signal transduction
C)reception,signal transduction,response
D)signal transduction,response,reception
C
4
Which of the following options correctly pairs an endocrine gland or hormone with an aspect of metabolism that it regulates?
A)prolactin = manages blood potassium levels
B)insulin = regulates blood glucose levels
C)pancreas = stimulates growth of the uterine lining
D)parathyroid = stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
A)prolactin = manages blood potassium levels
B)insulin = regulates blood glucose levels
C)pancreas = stimulates growth of the uterine lining
D)parathyroid = stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
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5
Prolactin is a hormone whose molecular structure has remained stable over evolutionary time,but whose hormonal role has changed dramatically in different animal species.This is an excellent example of how evolution
A)can both preserve unity and promote diversity.
B)is responsible for mutation in vertebrates.
C)has stayed within narrow boundaries in regard to regulation of homeostasis.
D)occurs rapidly at the molecular level to keep up with changing environmental influences.
A)can both preserve unity and promote diversity.
B)is responsible for mutation in vertebrates.
C)has stayed within narrow boundaries in regard to regulation of homeostasis.
D)occurs rapidly at the molecular level to keep up with changing environmental influences.
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6
Which of the following hormones is released by neurosecretory cells extending from the hypothalamus?
A)calcitonin
B)growth hormone
C)oxytocin
D)estrogen
A)calcitonin
B)growth hormone
C)oxytocin
D)estrogen
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7
The two main classes of molecules that function as hormones are steroid hormones and hormones that are derived from
A)nucleic acids.
B)long- chain fatty acids.
C)amino acids.
D)cholesterol.
A)nucleic acids.
B)long- chain fatty acids.
C)amino acids.
D)cholesterol.
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8
Compared to the endocrine system,the nervous system
A)has a slower response and a signal that does not last as long.
B)has a faster response with a longer- lasting signal.
C)has a slower response with a longer- lasting signal.
D)has a faster response,but the signal does not last as long.
A)has a slower response and a signal that does not last as long.
B)has a faster response with a longer- lasting signal.
C)has a slower response with a longer- lasting signal.
D)has a faster response,but the signal does not last as long.
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9
Chemical signals secreted into the interstitial fluid that only affect target cells near the secretory cell are called
A)second messengers.
B)local regulators.
C)hormones.
D)pheromones.
A)second messengers.
B)local regulators.
C)hormones.
D)pheromones.
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10
Which of the following statements about steroid hormones is true?
A)Steroid hormones are polar molecules that cannot pass through the cell membrane.
B)Steroid hormones bind to specific receptor proteins and the complex acts as a gene activator.
C)Steroid hormones activate a transcription factor.
D)Steroid hormones cause the production of cAMP.
A)Steroid hormones are polar molecules that cannot pass through the cell membrane.
B)Steroid hormones bind to specific receptor proteins and the complex acts as a gene activator.
C)Steroid hormones activate a transcription factor.
D)Steroid hormones cause the production of cAMP.
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11
Which gland requires the element iodine to produce its hormones?
A)thyroid
B)adrenal medulla
C)pineal
D)ovary
A)thyroid
B)adrenal medulla
C)pineal
D)ovary
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12
The result of binding a signal molecule to its receptor is
A)cell division.
B)signal transduction.
C)production of a protein by the target cell,followed by death.
D)partitioning of the nucleus within the target cell.
A)cell division.
B)signal transduction.
C)production of a protein by the target cell,followed by death.
D)partitioning of the nucleus within the target cell.
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13
A target cell that is affected by a particular steroid hormone would be expected to have
A)an intracellular receptor protein that binds the hormone.
B)enzymes that are activated or inactivated by the intracellular hormone- receptor complex.
C)a cell- surface receptor protein that binds the hormone.
D)enzymes that are activated or inactivated by the hormone's second messenger.
A)an intracellular receptor protein that binds the hormone.
B)enzymes that are activated or inactivated by the intracellular hormone- receptor complex.
C)a cell- surface receptor protein that binds the hormone.
D)enzymes that are activated or inactivated by the hormone's second messenger.
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14
Which of the following is a function of epinephrine?
A)release of glucose from the liver
B)decreased heart rate
C)increase in digestive activities
D)decreased metabolic rate
A)release of glucose from the liver
B)decreased heart rate
C)increase in digestive activities
D)decreased metabolic rate
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15
Which of the following is a nonsteroid hormone?
A)estrogen
B)glucagon
C)a glucocorticoid
D)androgen
A)estrogen
B)glucagon
C)a glucocorticoid
D)androgen
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16
Why must some hormones bind to a membrane receptor on a target cell's surface in order to activate it?
A)for activation by ATP
B)to stimulate endocytosis to internalize the hormone
C)because they are not water- soluble
D)because they cannot cross cell membranes
A)for activation by ATP
B)to stimulate endocytosis to internalize the hormone
C)because they are not water- soluble
D)because they cannot cross cell membranes
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17
A single steroid hormone can cause different effects in different cells by
A)activating different enzymes.
B)binding to different receptors.
C)activating different second messengers.
D)acting on different organelles.
A)activating different enzymes.
B)binding to different receptors.
C)activating different second messengers.
D)acting on different organelles.
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18
An excess of T3 and T4 in the blood is hyperthyroidism,which in its most common form is called
A)botulism.
B)Graves' disease.
C)goiter.
D)sterility.
A)botulism.
B)Graves' disease.
C)goiter.
D)sterility.
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19
Which of the following glands secretes hormones that enable the body to respond to stress?
A)parathyroid
B)pancreas
C)pineal
D)adrenal
A)parathyroid
B)pancreas
C)pineal
D)adrenal
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20
How are hormones distributed to tissues,and what determines which cells hormones will affect?
A)They are carried to specific organs by lymphatic vessels and affect the cells in those organs.
B)They are delivered by neurosecretory cells to specific tissues and cells,which are affected.
C)They are carried throughout the body in the bloodstream,and each hormone affects target cells that have receptors for it.
D)They are distributed locally in the interstitial fluid and affect nearby responsive target cells.
A)They are carried to specific organs by lymphatic vessels and affect the cells in those organs.
B)They are delivered by neurosecretory cells to specific tissues and cells,which are affected.
C)They are carried throughout the body in the bloodstream,and each hormone affects target cells that have receptors for it.
D)They are distributed locally in the interstitial fluid and affect nearby responsive target cells.
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21
Which of the following hormones affects the greatest variety of cell types?
A)endorphin
B)calcitonin
C)melatonin
D)growth hormone
A)endorphin
B)calcitonin
C)melatonin
D)growth hormone
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22
High levels of which of the following hormones can suppress the body's immune system?
A)glucocorticoids
B)antidiuretic hormone
C)glucagon
D)mineralocorticoids
A)glucocorticoids
B)antidiuretic hormone
C)glucagon
D)mineralocorticoids
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23
Which step in this figure portraying lipid- soluble hormone action shows transcription in response to the bound hormone- receptor complex? 
A)step 1
B)step 2
C)step 3
D)step 4

A)step 1
B)step 2
C)step 3
D)step 4
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24
Which of the following is associated with obesity,often does not show up until after the age of 40,and occurs because cells of the body fail to respond adequately to insulin?
A)type 1 diabetes
B)hyperglycemia
C)type 2 diabetes
D)hypoglycemia
A)type 1 diabetes
B)hyperglycemia
C)type 2 diabetes
D)hypoglycemia
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25
Hormones are chemicals produced by the endocrine system that
A)control the formation of urine.
B)regulate a variety of body functions,such as metabolism.
C)function to prevent a variety of diseases,such as diabetes.
D)are stimulated by the action of metabolic enzymes.
A)control the formation of urine.
B)regulate a variety of body functions,such as metabolism.
C)function to prevent a variety of diseases,such as diabetes.
D)are stimulated by the action of metabolic enzymes.
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26
TRH is a type of hormone secreted by the _.
A)peptide ...thymus
B)releasing ...hypothalamus
C)releasing ...anterior pituitary
D)steroid ...thyroid gland
A)peptide ...thymus
B)releasing ...hypothalamus
C)releasing ...anterior pituitary
D)steroid ...thyroid gland
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27
Which of the following statements regarding endocrine glands is true?
A)Most of the endocrine glands produce steroid hormones.
B)Some endocrine glands,like the pituitary,have other endocrine glands as their targets.
C)The sex organs and the thyroid gland produce steroid hormones.
D)The pancreas has only nonendocrine functions.
A)Most of the endocrine glands produce steroid hormones.
B)Some endocrine glands,like the pituitary,have other endocrine glands as their targets.
C)The sex organs and the thyroid gland produce steroid hormones.
D)The pancreas has only nonendocrine functions.
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28
Which of the following statements about glands and hormones is true?
A)The posterior pituitary is composed of lymphatic tissue.
B)The anterior pituitary is composed of endocrine cells.
C)The hypothalamus is an endocrine gland responsible for producing the hormone calcitonin.
D)The pituitary is the master control center of the endocrine system.
A)The posterior pituitary is composed of lymphatic tissue.
B)The anterior pituitary is composed of endocrine cells.
C)The hypothalamus is an endocrine gland responsible for producing the hormone calcitonin.
D)The pituitary is the master control center of the endocrine system.
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29
Which gland exerts primary control over the concentration of sugar in the blood?
A)pancreas
B)parathyroid
C)pineal
D)liver
A)pancreas
B)parathyroid
C)pineal
D)liver
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30
Which molecule in this figure portraying water- soluble hormone action is the receptor protein? 
A)molecule A
B)molecule B
C)molecule C
D)molecule D

A)molecule A
B)molecule B
C)molecule C
D)molecule D
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31
Neurosecretory cells
A)are restricted to the endocrine system.
B)participate in the nervous and endocrine systems.
C)produce hormones that will regulate nontarget cells.
D)are local regulators.
A)are restricted to the endocrine system.
B)participate in the nervous and endocrine systems.
C)produce hormones that will regulate nontarget cells.
D)are local regulators.
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32
The hormone prolactin,found in distantly related vertebrates,exerts different effects in different species.From an evolutionary standpoint,this is an indication that prolactin
A)is an ancient hormone whose function diversified through evolution.
B)was not required in fish and amphibians.
C)was a recent evolutionary adaptation.
D)can only have functions related to childbirth.
A)is an ancient hormone whose function diversified through evolution.
B)was not required in fish and amphibians.
C)was a recent evolutionary adaptation.
D)can only have functions related to childbirth.
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33
Which of the following is one of the three major categories of sex hormones?
A)prolactins
B)estrogens
C)glucagons
D)glucocorticoids
A)prolactins
B)estrogens
C)glucagons
D)glucocorticoids
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34
Which of the following glands is located nearest the kidneys?
A)ovaries
B)pancreas
C)adrenal glands
D)pineal glands
A)ovaries
B)pancreas
C)adrenal glands
D)pineal glands
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35
Which of the following is an endocrine gland that raises blood calcium levels?
A)thyroid gland
B)testes
C)pituitary gland
D)parathyroid
A)thyroid gland
B)testes
C)pituitary gland
D)parathyroid
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36
Which of the following act mainly to regulate salt and water balance?
A)androgens
B)mineralocorticoids
C)oxytocin
D)glucocorticoids
A)androgens
B)mineralocorticoids
C)oxytocin
D)glucocorticoids
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37
Which of the following processes depends on the presence of appropriate calcium levels in the blood and interstitial fluid?
A)transmission of nerve signals from cell to cell
B)capillary dilation
C)synthesis of interferons
D)movement of hormones throughout the body
A)transmission of nerve signals from cell to cell
B)capillary dilation
C)synthesis of interferons
D)movement of hormones throughout the body
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38
When the concentration of glucose in the blood rises following digestion of a meal,what is the hormonal response?
A)More glucagon is released.
B)More insulin is released.
C)Neither glucagon nor insulin is released.
D)Levels of both glucagon and insulin increase.
A)More glucagon is released.
B)More insulin is released.
C)Neither glucagon nor insulin is released.
D)Levels of both glucagon and insulin increase.
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39
Which of the following may be a consequence of excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone?
A)exhaustion of the immune system
B)loss of calcium from the bone
C)convulsive contractions of skeletal muscles
D)gigantism
A)exhaustion of the immune system
B)loss of calcium from the bone
C)convulsive contractions of skeletal muscles
D)gigantism
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40
Which of the following hormones causes glucose release and,consequently,a rise in the concentration of sugar in the blood?
A)oxytocin
B)calcitonin
C)insulin
D)glucagon
A)oxytocin
B)calcitonin
C)insulin
D)glucagon
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41
Androgens stimulate
A)ovulation.
B)growth of breasts in mammals.
C)the female reproductive system.
D)growth of facial hair in humans.
A)ovulation.
B)growth of breasts in mammals.
C)the female reproductive system.
D)growth of facial hair in humans.
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42
What is the metabolic abnormality that underlies the characteristic symptoms of diabetes mellitus?
A)a failure of the kidney tubules to reabsorb enough glucose from the urine
B)an inability of the body's cells to absorb enough glucose from the blood
C)an inability of the body's cells to retain glucose they have absorbed from the blood
D)an inability of the body's cells to switch from glucose metabolism to fat metabolism between meals
A)a failure of the kidney tubules to reabsorb enough glucose from the urine
B)an inability of the body's cells to absorb enough glucose from the blood
C)an inability of the body's cells to retain glucose they have absorbed from the blood
D)an inability of the body's cells to switch from glucose metabolism to fat metabolism between meals
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43
Which of the following hormones stimulates and maintains metabolic processes?
A)thyroxine
B)melatonin
C)calcitonin
D)oxytocin
A)thyroxine
B)melatonin
C)calcitonin
D)oxytocin
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44
Which of the following endocrine glands synthesizes melatonin?
A)pineal
B)thyroid
C)parathyroid
D)adrenal cortex
A)pineal
B)thyroid
C)parathyroid
D)adrenal cortex
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45
Steroid hormones are lipids made from
A)nucleic acids.
B)cholesterol.
C)amino acids.
D)carbohydrates and amino acids.
A)nucleic acids.
B)cholesterol.
C)amino acids.
D)carbohydrates and amino acids.
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