Deck 26: Hormones and the Endocrine System

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Question
Which of the following pairs of hormones have opposite effects?

A)parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
B)progesterone and insulin
C)oxytocin and prolactin
D)testosterone and melatonin
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Question
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship of insulin to glucagon?

A)They are antagonistic hormones.
B)Insulin is a steroid hormone; glucagon is a protein hormone.
C)They work together to prepare the body to deal with stress.
D)Insulin stimulates the pancreas to secrete glucagon.
Question
Which of the following options lists the sequence of events in the cell- signaling process in the correct order?

A)signal transduction,reception,response
B)reception,response,signal transduction
C)reception,signal transduction,response
D)signal transduction,response,reception
Question
Which of the following options correctly pairs an endocrine gland or hormone with an aspect of metabolism that it regulates?

A)prolactin = manages blood potassium levels
B)insulin = regulates blood glucose levels
C)pancreas = stimulates growth of the uterine lining
D)parathyroid = stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
Question
Prolactin is a hormone whose molecular structure has remained stable over evolutionary time,but whose hormonal role has changed dramatically in different animal species.This is an excellent example of how evolution

A)can both preserve unity and promote diversity.
B)is responsible for mutation in vertebrates.
C)has stayed within narrow boundaries in regard to regulation of homeostasis.
D)occurs rapidly at the molecular level to keep up with changing environmental influences.
Question
Which of the following hormones is released by neurosecretory cells extending from the hypothalamus?

A)calcitonin
B)growth hormone
C)oxytocin
D)estrogen
Question
The two main classes of molecules that function as hormones are steroid hormones and hormones that are derived from

A)nucleic acids.
B)long- chain fatty acids.
C)amino acids.
D)cholesterol.
Question
Compared to the endocrine system,the nervous system

A)has a slower response and a signal that does not last as long.
B)has a faster response with a longer- lasting signal.
C)has a slower response with a longer- lasting signal.
D)has a faster response,but the signal does not last as long.
Question
Chemical signals secreted into the interstitial fluid that only affect target cells near the secretory cell are called

A)second messengers.
B)local regulators.
C)hormones.
D)pheromones.
Question
Which of the following statements about steroid hormones is true?

A)Steroid hormones are polar molecules that cannot pass through the cell membrane.
B)Steroid hormones bind to specific receptor proteins and the complex acts as a gene activator.
C)Steroid hormones activate a transcription factor.
D)Steroid hormones cause the production of cAMP.
Question
Which gland requires the element iodine to produce its hormones?

A)thyroid
B)adrenal medulla
C)pineal
D)ovary
Question
The result of binding a signal molecule to its receptor is

A)cell division.
B)signal transduction.
C)production of a protein by the target cell,followed by death.
D)partitioning of the nucleus within the target cell.
Question
A target cell that is affected by a particular steroid hormone would be expected to have

A)an intracellular receptor protein that binds the hormone.
B)enzymes that are activated or inactivated by the intracellular hormone- receptor complex.
C)a cell- surface receptor protein that binds the hormone.
D)enzymes that are activated or inactivated by the hormone's second messenger.
Question
Which of the following is a function of epinephrine?

A)release of glucose from the liver
B)decreased heart rate
C)increase in digestive activities
D)decreased metabolic rate
Question
Which of the following is a nonsteroid hormone?

A)estrogen
B)glucagon
C)a glucocorticoid
D)androgen
Question
Why must some hormones bind to a membrane receptor on a target cell's surface in order to activate it?

A)for activation by ATP
B)to stimulate endocytosis to internalize the hormone
C)because they are not water- soluble
D)because they cannot cross cell membranes
Question
A single steroid hormone can cause different effects in different cells by

A)activating different enzymes.
B)binding to different receptors.
C)activating different second messengers.
D)acting on different organelles.
Question
An excess of T3 and T4 in the blood is hyperthyroidism,which in its most common form is called

A)botulism.
B)Graves' disease.
C)goiter.
D)sterility.
Question
Which of the following glands secretes hormones that enable the body to respond to stress?

A)parathyroid
B)pancreas
C)pineal
D)adrenal
Question
How are hormones distributed to tissues,and what determines which cells hormones will affect?

A)They are carried to specific organs by lymphatic vessels and affect the cells in those organs.
B)They are delivered by neurosecretory cells to specific tissues and cells,which are affected.
C)They are carried throughout the body in the bloodstream,and each hormone affects target cells that have receptors for it.
D)They are distributed locally in the interstitial fluid and affect nearby responsive target cells.
Question
Which of the following hormones affects the greatest variety of cell types?

A)endorphin
B)calcitonin
C)melatonin
D)growth hormone
Question
High levels of which of the following hormones can suppress the body's immune system?

A)glucocorticoids
B)antidiuretic hormone
C)glucagon
D)mineralocorticoids
Question
Which step in this figure portraying lipid- soluble hormone action shows transcription in response to the bound hormone- receptor complex? <strong>Which step in this figure portraying lipid- soluble hormone action shows transcription in response to the bound hormone- receptor complex?  </strong> A)step 1 B)step 2 C)step 3 D)step 4 <div style=padding-top: 35px>

A)step 1
B)step 2
C)step 3
D)step 4
Question
Which of the following is associated with obesity,often does not show up until after the age of 40,and occurs because cells of the body fail to respond adequately to insulin?

A)type 1 diabetes
B)hyperglycemia
C)type 2 diabetes
D)hypoglycemia
Question
Hormones are chemicals produced by the endocrine system that

A)control the formation of urine.
B)regulate a variety of body functions,such as metabolism.
C)function to prevent a variety of diseases,such as diabetes.
D)are stimulated by the action of metabolic enzymes.
Question
TRH is a type of hormone secreted by the _.

A)peptide ...thymus
B)releasing ...hypothalamus
C)releasing ...anterior pituitary
D)steroid ...thyroid gland
Question
Which of the following statements regarding endocrine glands is true?

A)Most of the endocrine glands produce steroid hormones.
B)Some endocrine glands,like the pituitary,have other endocrine glands as their targets.
C)The sex organs and the thyroid gland produce steroid hormones.
D)The pancreas has only nonendocrine functions.
Question
Which of the following statements about glands and hormones is true?

A)The posterior pituitary is composed of lymphatic tissue.
B)The anterior pituitary is composed of endocrine cells.
C)The hypothalamus is an endocrine gland responsible for producing the hormone calcitonin.
D)The pituitary is the master control center of the endocrine system.
Question
Which gland exerts primary control over the concentration of sugar in the blood?

A)pancreas
B)parathyroid
C)pineal
D)liver
Question
Which molecule in this figure portraying water- soluble hormone action is the receptor protein? <strong>Which molecule in this figure portraying water- soluble hormone action is the receptor protein?  </strong> A)molecule A B)molecule B C)molecule C D)molecule D <div style=padding-top: 35px>

A)molecule A
B)molecule B
C)molecule C
D)molecule D
Question
Neurosecretory cells

A)are restricted to the endocrine system.
B)participate in the nervous and endocrine systems.
C)produce hormones that will regulate nontarget cells.
D)are local regulators.
Question
The hormone prolactin,found in distantly related vertebrates,exerts different effects in different species.From an evolutionary standpoint,this is an indication that prolactin

A)is an ancient hormone whose function diversified through evolution.
B)was not required in fish and amphibians.
C)was a recent evolutionary adaptation.
D)can only have functions related to childbirth.
Question
Which of the following is one of the three major categories of sex hormones?

A)prolactins
B)estrogens
C)glucagons
D)glucocorticoids
Question
Which of the following glands is located nearest the kidneys?

A)ovaries
B)pancreas
C)adrenal glands
D)pineal glands
Question
Which of the following is an endocrine gland that raises blood calcium levels?

A)thyroid gland
B)testes
C)pituitary gland
D)parathyroid
Question
Which of the following act mainly to regulate salt and water balance?

A)androgens
B)mineralocorticoids
C)oxytocin
D)glucocorticoids
Question
Which of the following processes depends on the presence of appropriate calcium levels in the blood and interstitial fluid?

A)transmission of nerve signals from cell to cell
B)capillary dilation
C)synthesis of interferons
D)movement of hormones throughout the body
Question
When the concentration of glucose in the blood rises following digestion of a meal,what is the hormonal response?

A)More glucagon is released.
B)More insulin is released.
C)Neither glucagon nor insulin is released.
D)Levels of both glucagon and insulin increase.
Question
Which of the following may be a consequence of excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone?

A)exhaustion of the immune system
B)loss of calcium from the bone
C)convulsive contractions of skeletal muscles
D)gigantism
Question
Which of the following hormones causes glucose release and,consequently,a rise in the concentration of sugar in the blood?

A)oxytocin
B)calcitonin
C)insulin
D)glucagon
Question
Androgens stimulate

A)ovulation.
B)growth of breasts in mammals.
C)the female reproductive system.
D)growth of facial hair in humans.
Question
What is the metabolic abnormality that underlies the characteristic symptoms of diabetes mellitus?

A)a failure of the kidney tubules to reabsorb enough glucose from the urine
B)an inability of the body's cells to absorb enough glucose from the blood
C)an inability of the body's cells to retain glucose they have absorbed from the blood
D)an inability of the body's cells to switch from glucose metabolism to fat metabolism between meals
Question
Which of the following hormones stimulates and maintains metabolic processes?

A)thyroxine
B)melatonin
C)calcitonin
D)oxytocin
Question
Which of the following endocrine glands synthesizes melatonin?

A)pineal
B)thyroid
C)parathyroid
D)adrenal cortex
Question
Steroid hormones are lipids made from

A)nucleic acids.
B)cholesterol.
C)amino acids.
D)carbohydrates and amino acids.
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Deck 26: Hormones and the Endocrine System
1
Which of the following pairs of hormones have opposite effects?

A)parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
B)progesterone and insulin
C)oxytocin and prolactin
D)testosterone and melatonin
A
2
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship of insulin to glucagon?

A)They are antagonistic hormones.
B)Insulin is a steroid hormone; glucagon is a protein hormone.
C)They work together to prepare the body to deal with stress.
D)Insulin stimulates the pancreas to secrete glucagon.
A
3
Which of the following options lists the sequence of events in the cell- signaling process in the correct order?

A)signal transduction,reception,response
B)reception,response,signal transduction
C)reception,signal transduction,response
D)signal transduction,response,reception
C
4
Which of the following options correctly pairs an endocrine gland or hormone with an aspect of metabolism that it regulates?

A)prolactin = manages blood potassium levels
B)insulin = regulates blood glucose levels
C)pancreas = stimulates growth of the uterine lining
D)parathyroid = stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
5
Prolactin is a hormone whose molecular structure has remained stable over evolutionary time,but whose hormonal role has changed dramatically in different animal species.This is an excellent example of how evolution

A)can both preserve unity and promote diversity.
B)is responsible for mutation in vertebrates.
C)has stayed within narrow boundaries in regard to regulation of homeostasis.
D)occurs rapidly at the molecular level to keep up with changing environmental influences.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
6
Which of the following hormones is released by neurosecretory cells extending from the hypothalamus?

A)calcitonin
B)growth hormone
C)oxytocin
D)estrogen
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
7
The two main classes of molecules that function as hormones are steroid hormones and hormones that are derived from

A)nucleic acids.
B)long- chain fatty acids.
C)amino acids.
D)cholesterol.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
8
Compared to the endocrine system,the nervous system

A)has a slower response and a signal that does not last as long.
B)has a faster response with a longer- lasting signal.
C)has a slower response with a longer- lasting signal.
D)has a faster response,but the signal does not last as long.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
9
Chemical signals secreted into the interstitial fluid that only affect target cells near the secretory cell are called

A)second messengers.
B)local regulators.
C)hormones.
D)pheromones.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
10
Which of the following statements about steroid hormones is true?

A)Steroid hormones are polar molecules that cannot pass through the cell membrane.
B)Steroid hormones bind to specific receptor proteins and the complex acts as a gene activator.
C)Steroid hormones activate a transcription factor.
D)Steroid hormones cause the production of cAMP.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
11
Which gland requires the element iodine to produce its hormones?

A)thyroid
B)adrenal medulla
C)pineal
D)ovary
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
12
The result of binding a signal molecule to its receptor is

A)cell division.
B)signal transduction.
C)production of a protein by the target cell,followed by death.
D)partitioning of the nucleus within the target cell.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
13
A target cell that is affected by a particular steroid hormone would be expected to have

A)an intracellular receptor protein that binds the hormone.
B)enzymes that are activated or inactivated by the intracellular hormone- receptor complex.
C)a cell- surface receptor protein that binds the hormone.
D)enzymes that are activated or inactivated by the hormone's second messenger.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
14
Which of the following is a function of epinephrine?

A)release of glucose from the liver
B)decreased heart rate
C)increase in digestive activities
D)decreased metabolic rate
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
15
Which of the following is a nonsteroid hormone?

A)estrogen
B)glucagon
C)a glucocorticoid
D)androgen
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
16
Why must some hormones bind to a membrane receptor on a target cell's surface in order to activate it?

A)for activation by ATP
B)to stimulate endocytosis to internalize the hormone
C)because they are not water- soluble
D)because they cannot cross cell membranes
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
17
A single steroid hormone can cause different effects in different cells by

A)activating different enzymes.
B)binding to different receptors.
C)activating different second messengers.
D)acting on different organelles.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
18
An excess of T3 and T4 in the blood is hyperthyroidism,which in its most common form is called

A)botulism.
B)Graves' disease.
C)goiter.
D)sterility.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
19
Which of the following glands secretes hormones that enable the body to respond to stress?

A)parathyroid
B)pancreas
C)pineal
D)adrenal
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
20
How are hormones distributed to tissues,and what determines which cells hormones will affect?

A)They are carried to specific organs by lymphatic vessels and affect the cells in those organs.
B)They are delivered by neurosecretory cells to specific tissues and cells,which are affected.
C)They are carried throughout the body in the bloodstream,and each hormone affects target cells that have receptors for it.
D)They are distributed locally in the interstitial fluid and affect nearby responsive target cells.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
21
Which of the following hormones affects the greatest variety of cell types?

A)endorphin
B)calcitonin
C)melatonin
D)growth hormone
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
22
High levels of which of the following hormones can suppress the body's immune system?

A)glucocorticoids
B)antidiuretic hormone
C)glucagon
D)mineralocorticoids
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
23
Which step in this figure portraying lipid- soluble hormone action shows transcription in response to the bound hormone- receptor complex? <strong>Which step in this figure portraying lipid- soluble hormone action shows transcription in response to the bound hormone- receptor complex?  </strong> A)step 1 B)step 2 C)step 3 D)step 4

A)step 1
B)step 2
C)step 3
D)step 4
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
24
Which of the following is associated with obesity,often does not show up until after the age of 40,and occurs because cells of the body fail to respond adequately to insulin?

A)type 1 diabetes
B)hyperglycemia
C)type 2 diabetes
D)hypoglycemia
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
25
Hormones are chemicals produced by the endocrine system that

A)control the formation of urine.
B)regulate a variety of body functions,such as metabolism.
C)function to prevent a variety of diseases,such as diabetes.
D)are stimulated by the action of metabolic enzymes.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
26
TRH is a type of hormone secreted by the _.

A)peptide ...thymus
B)releasing ...hypothalamus
C)releasing ...anterior pituitary
D)steroid ...thyroid gland
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
27
Which of the following statements regarding endocrine glands is true?

A)Most of the endocrine glands produce steroid hormones.
B)Some endocrine glands,like the pituitary,have other endocrine glands as their targets.
C)The sex organs and the thyroid gland produce steroid hormones.
D)The pancreas has only nonendocrine functions.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
28
Which of the following statements about glands and hormones is true?

A)The posterior pituitary is composed of lymphatic tissue.
B)The anterior pituitary is composed of endocrine cells.
C)The hypothalamus is an endocrine gland responsible for producing the hormone calcitonin.
D)The pituitary is the master control center of the endocrine system.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
29
Which gland exerts primary control over the concentration of sugar in the blood?

A)pancreas
B)parathyroid
C)pineal
D)liver
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
30
Which molecule in this figure portraying water- soluble hormone action is the receptor protein? <strong>Which molecule in this figure portraying water- soluble hormone action is the receptor protein?  </strong> A)molecule A B)molecule B C)molecule C D)molecule D

A)molecule A
B)molecule B
C)molecule C
D)molecule D
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
31
Neurosecretory cells

A)are restricted to the endocrine system.
B)participate in the nervous and endocrine systems.
C)produce hormones that will regulate nontarget cells.
D)are local regulators.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
32
The hormone prolactin,found in distantly related vertebrates,exerts different effects in different species.From an evolutionary standpoint,this is an indication that prolactin

A)is an ancient hormone whose function diversified through evolution.
B)was not required in fish and amphibians.
C)was a recent evolutionary adaptation.
D)can only have functions related to childbirth.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
33
Which of the following is one of the three major categories of sex hormones?

A)prolactins
B)estrogens
C)glucagons
D)glucocorticoids
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
34
Which of the following glands is located nearest the kidneys?

A)ovaries
B)pancreas
C)adrenal glands
D)pineal glands
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
35
Which of the following is an endocrine gland that raises blood calcium levels?

A)thyroid gland
B)testes
C)pituitary gland
D)parathyroid
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
36
Which of the following act mainly to regulate salt and water balance?

A)androgens
B)mineralocorticoids
C)oxytocin
D)glucocorticoids
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
37
Which of the following processes depends on the presence of appropriate calcium levels in the blood and interstitial fluid?

A)transmission of nerve signals from cell to cell
B)capillary dilation
C)synthesis of interferons
D)movement of hormones throughout the body
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
38
When the concentration of glucose in the blood rises following digestion of a meal,what is the hormonal response?

A)More glucagon is released.
B)More insulin is released.
C)Neither glucagon nor insulin is released.
D)Levels of both glucagon and insulin increase.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
39
Which of the following may be a consequence of excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone?

A)exhaustion of the immune system
B)loss of calcium from the bone
C)convulsive contractions of skeletal muscles
D)gigantism
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
40
Which of the following hormones causes glucose release and,consequently,a rise in the concentration of sugar in the blood?

A)oxytocin
B)calcitonin
C)insulin
D)glucagon
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
41
Androgens stimulate

A)ovulation.
B)growth of breasts in mammals.
C)the female reproductive system.
D)growth of facial hair in humans.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
42
What is the metabolic abnormality that underlies the characteristic symptoms of diabetes mellitus?

A)a failure of the kidney tubules to reabsorb enough glucose from the urine
B)an inability of the body's cells to absorb enough glucose from the blood
C)an inability of the body's cells to retain glucose they have absorbed from the blood
D)an inability of the body's cells to switch from glucose metabolism to fat metabolism between meals
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
43
Which of the following hormones stimulates and maintains metabolic processes?

A)thyroxine
B)melatonin
C)calcitonin
D)oxytocin
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
44
Which of the following endocrine glands synthesizes melatonin?

A)pineal
B)thyroid
C)parathyroid
D)adrenal cortex
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
45
Steroid hormones are lipids made from

A)nucleic acids.
B)cholesterol.
C)amino acids.
D)carbohydrates and amino acids.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
locked card icon
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 45 flashcards in this deck.