Deck 24: The Immune System

Question 1

can destroy infected cells.

A)Cytotoxic T cells
B)Plasma cells
C)Macrophages
D)B cells

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following cell types is responsible for the humoral immune response?

A)macrophages
B)neutrophils
C)B cells
D)natural killer cells

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which part of this figure shows an active plasma B cell?

A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A molecule that can elicit an adaptive immune response is called

A)an interferon.
B)a complement.
C)an antibody.
D)an antigen.

Question 5

The secondary immune response occurs when memory cells bind to

A)hormones.
B)antigens.
C)plasma cells.
D)antibodies.

Question 6

When you cut yourself,the damaged cells immediately release chemical alarm signals,such as

A)interferon.
B)antihistamine.
C)complement.
D)histamine.

Question 7

What substance,produced by virus- infected cells,diffuses to neighboring cells to help them fight a viral infection?

A)lysozyme
B)interleukin- 2
C)interferon
D)histamine

Question 8

Which of the following diseases cannot currently be prevented by vaccination?

A)AIDS
B)tetanus
C)measles
D)polio

Question 9

The two main functions of the lymphatic system are

A)coagulating blood and fighting infections.
B)returning tissue fluid to the circulatory system and fighting infections.
C)producing hormones that regulate the immune system and coagulating blood.
D)producing hormones that regulate the immune system and fighting infections.

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding antigens and antibodies is false?

A)An antibody usually recognizes and binds to an antigenic determinant.
B)Each antibody has only one antigen- binding site.
C)A single antigen may stimulate the immune system to make several distinct antibodies to it.
D)Most antigens are proteins or large polysaccharides on the surfaces of viruses or foreign cells.

Question 11

The complement system can be activated by

A)T cells.
B)antigen- antibody complexes.
C)inflammatory mediators.
D)B cell plasma membrane.

Question 12

Which of the following types of cells does HIV preferentially infect?

A)natural killer cells
B)cytotoxic T cells
C)helper T cells
D)memory cells

Question 13

After binding to an infected cell,the cytotoxic T cell

A)releases a protein called perforin.
B)becomes a phagocytic cell.
C)neutralizes the infecting bacteria or viruses.
D)releases interleukin- 1.

Question 14

When an antigen- presenting cell interacts successfully with a helper T cell,the antigen- presenting cell secretes a signal molecule that assists in the activation of the helper T cell.This signal molecule is

A)interferon.
B)complement.
C)perforin.
D)interleukin- 1.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about HIV is false?

A)HIV attacks mast cells.
B)Some drugs have proven effective in combating the spread of HIV from mothers to their children.
C)The genome of HIV consists of RNA.
D)New HIV are produced inside helper T cells.

Question 16

The body's innate defenses against infection include

A)several nonspecific antibodies.
B)memory cells.
C)barriers such as dead skin cells and mucus.
D)increased production of certain hormones and changes in microcirculation.

Question 17

A primary immune response is

A)the immune response elicited by the primary antigen of a disease- causing microorganism.
B)the immune response elicited by the first exposure of lymphocytes to a particular antigen.
C)the immune response elicited by the primary antibodies of a disease- causing microorganism.
D)the immune response elicited by the first exposure of memory cells to a particular antigen.

Question 18

The transfer of antibodies in breast milk to an infant is an example of immunity.

A)passive
B)humoral
C)active
D)nonspecific

Question 19

Where is the antigen- binding site of this antibody?

A)site A
B)site B
C)site C
D)site D

Question 20

Which of the following is an immediate effect of histamine release?

A)increase in blood pressure
B)dilation of local blood vessels
C)conversion of histamine to histidine
D)blocking of a response to ragweed pollen

Question 21

genes are responsible for coding for self- proteins.

A)RFLP
B)MHC
C)PCR
D)STR

Question 22

Which of the following wander through the interstitial fluid and consume any bacteria and virus- infected cells they encounter?

A)interferons
B)erythrocytes
C)macrophages
D)leukocytes

Question 23

Which of the following compounds is produced and secreted by mast cells during an allergic reaction?

A)perforin
B)allergens
C)interferon
D)histamine

Question 24

What type of immune response is always disadvantageous to a person?

A)humoral
B)complement- mediated
C)autoimmune
D)inflammatory

Question 25

Why has it been so difficult for researchers to develop effective antivirals for HIV?

A)because HIV is a sexually transmitted viral disease
B)due to the damaged helper T cells that are targets for HIV
C)because the virus is able to produce DNA as an intermediate in viral replication
D)because HIV has a high mutation rate

Question 26

Natural killer cells

A)attack virus- infected cells by releasing chemicals that lead to cell death.
B)tag pathogenic microorganisms with antibodies.
C)"eat" microorganisms that have been tagged with antibodies.
D)are phagocytes that attack and kill pathogenic microorganisms.

Question 27

What type of cell helps to stimulate B cells to produce antibodies?

A)cytotoxic T cell
B)helper T cell
C)plasma cell
D)macrophage

Question 28

Which of the following statements regarding monoclonal antibodies is false?

A)Monoclonal antibodies can be used to bind toxins to tumor cells.
B)Monoclonal antibodies can be used to diagnose some sexually transmitted diseases.
C)Monoclonal antibodies are used in some home pregnancy tests.
D)Monoclonal antibodies include several different antibodies that all bind to one antigen.

Question 29

Monoclonal antibodies are produced

A)when an animal is infected by a single type of pathogen.
B)by cells that are formed when a B cell is fused to a T cell.
C)when a female is pregnant.
D)by cells that are formed when a B cell is fused to a tumor cell.

Question 30

Which of the following choices best describes a plasma cell?

A)It is a differentiated T cell.
B)It responds to an antigen and differentiates into a B cell.
C)It is a differentiated B cell.
D)It is produced during a primary immune response,persists,and multiplies in response to a reappearance of the antigen.

Question 31

Passive immunity depends upon

A)antibody- producing cells from another organism.
B)antibodies made by another organism.
C)a person's own immune system producing antibodies.
D)antigens from a person's own body.

Question 32

HIV is a virus that is particularly difficult to eradicate

A)because it rarely mutates.
B)because it mutates to produce new drug- resistant strains.
C)due to its small size.
D)because of its DNA genome.

Question 33

The adaptive immune system is capable of mounting specific responses to particular microorganisms because

A)stem cells determine which type of B and T cells to make.
B)stem cells make different antigen receptors depending on the invading microorganism.
C)lymphocytes are able to change their antigen specificity as required to fight infection.
D)the body contains an enormous diversity of lymphocytes,each with the ability to respond to a different antigen.

Question 34

Antibody molecules may function by causing the

A)agglutination of viruses or bacteria.
B)solubilization of viruses or bacteria.
C)crystallization of antigenic particles.
D)destruction of complement proteins.

Question 35

Which of the following cell types is responsible for the cell- mediated immune response?

A)T cells
B)B cells
C)natural killer cells
D)leukocytes

Question 36

Which of the following statements about antibodies is false?

A)The polypeptide chains of an antibody molecule have both a V (variable)region and a C (constant)region.
B)Antibodies recognize and bind to particular antigens.
C)Antibody molecules are constructed from four polypeptide chains.
D)The antibodies of mammals can be divided into two major classes.

Question 37

Anaphylactic shock is an example of an

A)autoimmune disease.
B)allergic response.
C)immunodeficiency disease.
D)acquired autoimmune disease.

Question 38

Which of the following statements about AIDS is true?

A)There is now a treatment for AIDS that is simple and effective.
B)Using condoms during sex prevents the spread of the virus that causes AIDS.
C)AIDS patients live no longer than 2 to 3 years.
D)The AIDS vaccine can prevent the spread of HIV.

Question 39

Which of the following distinguishes the secondary immune response from the primary immune response?

A)The secondary response is faster and stronger.
B)The primary response involves B cells; the secondary one involves T cells.
C)The secondary response allows additional antigens to be recognized faster.
D)The primary response is specific; the secondary one is not.

Question 40

Which of the following diseases is thought to be an autoimmune disease?

A)insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus
B)measles and mumps
C)duodenal ulcer
D)cancer of the bone marrow

Question 41

The basic function of activated T cells is to battle

A)pathogens that have already entered body cells.
B)chemical mediators of immunity.
C)pathogens in interstitial fluid.
D)pathogens in blood or lymph.

Question 42

When a B cell first interacts with its particular antigen,the B cell

A)alters the chemical configuration of the antigen.
B)differentiates and develops into a clone of antibody- producing effector cells.
C)engulfs the antigen and digests it.
D)dies after destroying the antigen.

Question 43

Bacterial infections can cause a serious,potentially fatal systemic inflammatory response called

A)septic shock.
B)anaphylaxis.
C)pneumonia.
D)pelvic inflammatory disease.

Question 44

A researcher who detects a higher- than- normal amount of interferon in a laboratory rat would correctly conclude that

A)monocytes are differentiating into macrophages in the rat's bloodstream.
B)the rat's diet is deficient in calcium.
C)the rat has,or recently had,a viral infection.
D)cancerous cells are present in the rat.

Question 45

Which of the following statements about the humoral immune response is true?

A)The humoral immune response defends primarily against bacteria and viruses present in body fluids.
B)The humoral immune response plays a major role in protecting the body from cancerous cells.
C)The humoral immune response defends against bacteria and viruses by activating T cells.
D)The humoral immune response is the result of macrophages producing antibodies.

Question 46

Clonal selection

A)determines the pool of mature leukocytes that will be stimulated by macrophages.
B)describes the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes after they have been activated by an antigen.
C)requires the presence and activation of complement.
D)requires the activation of natural killer cells.

Question 47

Which of the following helps activate our nonspecific (innate)defense system?

A)inflammation
B)passive immunity
C)active immunity
D)mobilization of erythrocytes

Question 48

Which of the following is an effect of interleukin- 2?

A)stimulating antigen- presenting cells
B)modulating macrophage phagocytosis
C)stimulating helper T cells to divide
D)stimulating mass cells to release histamine

Question 49

Some complement proteins

A)help trigger the inflammatory response.
B)are released by natural killer cells to attack cancer and virus- infected cells.
C)replace T cells in the cell- mediated response.
D)induce antibody formation by phagocytic cells.

Question 50

The major result of the inflammatory response is to

A)initiate the production of killer cells.
B)initiate cell- mediated immune responses.
C)initiate the production of antibodies.
D)remove contaminating microorganisms and initiate repair of damaged tissues.

Question 51

The human lymphatic system consists of all of the following structures except the

A)thymus.
B)pancreas.
C)tonsils.
D)spleen.

Question 52

One kind of vaccine consists of

A)a harmless variant strain of a disease- causing microbe.
B)antibiotics.
C)buffered antibodies.
D)B cells.