Deck 9: Project Resource Management

Question 1

 Managers who believe in Theory Y assume that workers dislike and avoid work if possible, so managers must use coercion, threats, and various control schemes to get workers to make adequate efforts to meet objectives.

Answer 1

False
Explanation: People who believe in Theory X assume that workers dislike and avoid work if possible, so managers must use coercion, threats, and various control schemes to have workers make adequate efforts to meet objectives. They assume that the average worker wants to be directed and prefers to avoid responsibility, has little ambition, and wants security above all else.

Question 2

 According to Herzberg, hygiene factors such as larger salaries, more supervision, or a more attractive work environment would motivate workers to do more if present.

Answer 2

False
Explanation: According to Herzberg, motivators such as larger salaries, more supervision, or a more attractive work environment would motivate workers to do more if present. He referred to factors that cause job satisfaction as motivators and factors that could cause dissatisfaction as hygiene factors.

Question 3

 A responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) is a matrix that maps the work of the project as described in the OBS to the people responsible for performing the work as described in the WBS.

Answer 3

False
Explanation: A responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) maps the work of the project, as described in the WBS, to the people responsible for performing the work, as described in the OBS.

Question 4

 Project managers should always reward people who work overtime.

Question 5

 A staffing management plan describes when and how people will be added to and taken off the project team.

Question 6

 A RAM is used only to assign detailed work activities.

Question 7

 People who need institutional power or social power want to organize others to further the goals of the organization.

Question 8

 Legitimate power involves using personal knowledge and expertise to get people to change their behavior.

Question 9

 In the Tuckman model, storming occurs when team members have different opinions for how the team should operate.

Question 10

 Thamhain and Wilemon found that when project managers used work challenge and expertise to influence people, projects were more likely to succeed.

Question 11

 Resource leveling results in fewer problems for project personnel and accounting departments.

Question 12

 In the Social Styles Profile team building activity, drivers are reactive and people-oriented.

Question 13

 According to Covey, project managers must use a win/lose approach in making decisions.

Question 14

 The first dimension of psychological type in the MBTI signifies whether people draw their energy from other people (extroverts) or from inside themselves (introverts).

Question 15

 Extrinsic motivation causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment.

Question 16

 Project managers must try to avoid conflict at all costs as all conflict within groups is bad.

Question 17

 The forcing mode is one in which the project manager deemphasizes or avoids areas of differences and emphasizes areas of agreement.

Question 18

 Assignment, budget, promotion, money, and penalty influence bases are automatically available to project managers as part of their position.

Question 19

 Maslow suggests that each level of the hierarchy of needs is not necessarily a prerequisite for the levels above.

Question 20

 Maslow's hierarchy of needs states that people's behaviors are guided or motivated by a sequence of needs.

Question 21

 What need is at the highest level in Maslow's structure?

A) deficiency
B) growth
C) safety
D) physiological

Question 22

 What needs are at the bottom of Maslow's structure?

A) esteem
B) self-actualization
C) physiological
D) social

Question 23

 Managers who follow which theory assume that the average worker wants to be directed and prefers to avoid responsibility?

A) Theory Z
B) Theory X
C) Theory Y
D) Theory K

Question 24

 According to McClelland's acquired-needs theory, what do people who desire harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others have a high need for?

A) affiliation
B) self-actualization
C) power
D) achievement

Question 25

 What do people who seek to excel and tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations to improve their chances for achieving something worthwhile have a high need for?

A) affiliation
B) security
C) power
D) achievement

Question 26

 According to Thamhain and Wilemon, what is the legitimate hierarchical right to issue orders?

A) authority
B) achievement
C) expertise
D) self-actualization

Question 27

 Who is best known for distinguishing between motivational factors and hygiene factors when considering motivation in work settings?

A) Frederick Herzberg
B) David McClelland
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Douglas McGregor

Question 28

 Which test presents subjects with a series of ambiguous pictures and asks them to develop a spontaneous story for each picture, assuming they will project their own needs into the story?

A) RAM
B) MBTI
C) TAT
D) RACI

Question 29

 What is at the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) esteem
B) self-actualization
C) physiological
D) social

Question 30

 Which highly respected psychologist, rejected the dehumanizing negativism of psychology and proposed the hierarchy of needs theory?

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Abraham Maslow
C) Carl Jung
D) Philip Zimbardo

Question 31

 The main outputs of which process are team performance assessments, change requests, and updates to several documents?

A) managing the project team
B) acquiring the project team
C) developing the project team
D) human resource planning

Question 32

 What theory emphasizes factors such as job rotation, broadening of skills, generalization versus specialization, and the need for continuous training of workers?

A) Theory W
B) Theory X
C) Theory Y
D) Theory Z

Question 33

 According to McClelland's acquired-needs theory, what do people who want to direct others, and can be seen as bossy, have a need for?

A) affiliation
B) advancement
C) power
D) achievement

Question 34

 According to Herzberg, which is a motivational factor?

A) recognition
B) salary
C) training
D) health benefits

Question 35

 Who is best known for developing Theory X and Theory Y?

A) Frederick Herzberg
B) David McClelland
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Douglas McGregor

Question 36

 According to Thamhain and Wilemon, what is the ability to improve a worker's position?

A) penalty
B) assignment
C) expertise
D) promotion

Question 37

 Which process involves building individual and group skills to enhance project performance?

A) developing the human resource plan
B) developing the project team
C) acquiring the project team
D) managing the project team

Question 38

 Recognizing an employee as the "Star Performer of the Month" would be satisfying which need in Maslow's hierarchy?

A) esteem
B) self-actualization
C) physiological
D) safety

Question 39

 What are the bottom four needs in Maslow's structure are referred to as?

A) self-actualization
B) deficiency
C) safety
D) growth

Question 40

 Which process involves tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance?

A) developing the human resource plan
B) developing the project team
C) acquiring the project team
D) managing the project team

Question 41

 Which term refers to the amount of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods?

A) resource loading
B) resource leveling
C) resource histogram
D) resource logs

Question 42

 According to Maslow, only after meeting _____ needs can individuals act upon growth needs.

Question 43

 _____ causes people to do something for a reward or to avoid a penalty.

Question 44

 Which type of intelligence involves the capacity to understand the motivations, intentions and desires of others?

A) emotional 
B) intrapersonal 
C) interpersonal 
D) human 

Question 45

 Psychologist David Merril describes which behavioral profile as reactive and task-oriented?

A) expressives
B) drivers
C) analyticals
D) amiables

Question 46

 In the Tuckman model, what occurs as team members have different opinions as to how the team should operate?

A) performing
B) norming
C) forming
D) storming

Question 47

 What term is used for the relation of harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity?

A) empathy
B) democracy
C) mirroring
D) rapport

Question 48

 Which type of power involves using incentives to induce people to do things?

A) legitimate 
B) coercive 
C) reward 
D) referent 

Question 49

 What term is used for taking time to renew oneself physically, spiritually, mentally and socially?

A) empathic mirroring 
B) sharpening the saw
C) synergizing
D) thinking win/win

Question 50

 _____ issues that affect how people work and how well they work include motivation, influence and power, and effectiveness.

Question 51

 According to Lencioni, which quality is present in organizations that succeed?

A) commitment
B) autonomy
C) accountability
D) teamwork

Question 52

 Which concept refers to matching certain behaviors of the other person?

A) empathic listening
B) rapport
C) synergy
D) mirroring

Question 53

 Which tool is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to a project over time?

A) responsibility assignment matrix
B) resource histogram
C) RACI charts
D) organizational breakdown structure

Question 54

 What is the first step in the framework for defining and assigning work?

A) defining how the work will be accomplished
B) breaking down the work into manageable elements
C) finalizing the project requirements
D) assigning work responsibilities

Question 55

 In the Tuckman model, what occurs when the emphasis is on reaching the team goals, rather than working on team process?

A) performing
B) norming
C) forming
D) storming

Question 56

 In the MBTI, which dimension relates to the manner in which you gather information?

A) Extrovert/Introvert
B) Thinking/Feeling
C) Judgment/Perception
D) Sensation/Intuition

Question 57

 Which type of power is based on an individual's personal charisma?

A) legitimate 
B) coercive 
C) reward 
D) referent 

Question 58

 According to Blake and Mouton, project managers who use which method employ a give-and take-approach to resolving conflicts?

A) smoothing
B) forcing
C) confrontation
D) compromise

Question 59

 Which type of power involves using punishment, threats, or other negative approaches to get people to do things they do not want to do?

A) legitimate 
B) coercive 
C) reward 
D) referent 

Question 60

 Which technique is used for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks?

A) resource loading
B) resource leveling
C) resource allocation
D) resource histogram

Question 61

 _____ is listening with the intent to understand.

Question 62

 Resource _____ aims to minimize period-by-period variations in resource loading by shifting tasks within their slack allowances.

Question 63

 The _____ is a tool to measure the individual needs of different people using McClelland's categories.

Question 64

 The _____ allocates work to responsible and performing organizations, teams, or individuals, depending on the desired level of detail.

Question 65

 In the Tuckman model, _____ involves the break-up of the team after it successfully reaches its goals and completes the work.

Question 66

 _____ is the ability to influence behavior to get people to do things they would not otherwise do.

Question 67

 _____ fill in for project managers in their absence and assist them as needed.

Question 68

 Herzberg called factors that cause job satisfaction _____.

Question 69

 According to Blake and Mouton, project managers who use the _____ mode retreat from an actual or potential disagreement.

Question 70

 _____ is the concept that the whole is equal to more than the sum of its parts.

Question 71

 _____ is a relation of harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity and is important for communication.

Question 72

 The main goal of _______ is to help people work together more effectively to improve project performance.

Question 73

 Managers who believe in McGregor's _____ assume that individuals do not inherently dislike work, but consider it as natural as play or rest.

Question 74

 Covey, like Maslow, believes that people have the ability to be _____ and choose their responses to different situations.

Question 75

 In the DISC profile, the letter "S" represents _____.

Question 76

 _____ should receive frequent performance feedback, and although money is not an important motivator to them, it is an effective form of feedback.

Question 77

 A(n) _____ is a specific type of organizational chart that shows which organizational units are responsible for which work items.

Question 78

 _____ power is getting people to do things based on a position of authority.

Question 79

 A(n) _____ or draft contract often provides the basis for defining and finalizing work requirements.

Question 80

 _____ means that not enough resources are available to perform the assigned work during a given time period.