Deck 2: Diversity, Personality, and Values

Question 1

Extraversion, a "Big Five" personality dimension, is associated with being imaginative, curious, and broad-minded.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In the workplace, sexual orientation and ablebodiedness are protected from discrimination by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In terms of job performance, research has shown that conscientiousness predicts job performance across five occupational groups of professions-engineers, police, managers, salespersons, and skilled and semiskilled employees.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Surface-level diversity involves individual differences in things like personality and values.

Question 5

Character represents the overall combination of characteristics that capture the unique nature of a person as he or she reacts and interacts with others.

Question 6

In recent years, there has been a shift from a focus on diversity to a focus on inclusion.

Question 7

Valuing diversity emphasizes on appreciation of similarities.

Question 8

The leaking pipeline describes how women have not reached the highest levels of organizations.

Question 9

Problem solving style is a measure representing social traits.

Question 10

In studying individual differences, we attempt to identify where behavioral tendencies are similar and where they are different.

Question 11

Self-esteem is an individual's belief about the likelihood of success in completing a particular task.

Question 12

The "Big Five" personality traits include extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and creativity.

Question 13

Prejudice is the display of negative, irrational, and superior opinions and attitudes toward persons who are different from ourselves.

Question 14

Discrimination actively denies minority members the full benefits of organizational membership.

Question 15

The term individual differences is used to refer to the ways in which people are similar and dissimilar in personal characteristics.

Question 16

According to research by Rich Arvey and colleagues, family experiences are more important than experiences at work in shaping women's leadership development.

Question 17

An ecological fallacy is an invisible barrier limiting career advancement of women and minorities.

Question 18

Even though recent studies report that there is no significant difference in performance between workers with disabilities and those without, nearly three quarters of people with severe disabilities are reported to be unemployed.

Question 19

Research shows that companies with a higher percentage of female board directors and corporate officers, on average, financially outperform companies with the lowest percentages by significant margins.

Question 20

Sexual orientation is protected by the EEOC.

Question 21

Stereotyping represent the way individuals tend to think about their social and physical setting as well as their major beliefs and personal orientation concerning a range of issues.

Question 22

In solving problems, sensation-type individuals prefer routine and order whereas intuitive-type individuals prefer the "big picture."

Question 23

Personal wellness requires attention to such factors as smoking, weight, diet, alcohol use, and physical fitness.

Question 24

Problem-solving styles are most frequently measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator MBTI), which asks individuals how they usually act or feel in specific situations.

Question 25

People with an internal locus of control exhibit greater self-control, are more cautious, engage in less risky behavior, and are less anxious.

Question 26

A low-Machiavellian personality approaches situations logically and thoughtfully and is even capable of lying to achieve personal goals.

Question 27

Eustress has a negative impact on both attitudes and performance.

Question 28

A person high in dogmatism tends to adhere rigidly to conventional values and to obey recognized authority.

Question 29

People with an external locus of control believe that they control their own fate or destiny.

Question 30

Individuals with a Type B orientation are characterized by impatience, desire for achievement, and perfectionism.

Question 31

Career stress manifests itself as a loss of interest in and satisfaction with a job due to stressful working conditions.

Question 32

People with an intuitive-thinking style of problem solving like solving new problems, dislike routine, and would rather look for possibilities than work with facts.

Question 33

To make a plan of action and follow it is an example of an emotion-focused coping strategy.

Question 34

Highly authoritarian individuals are so susceptible to authority that in their eagerness to comply they may behave unethically.

Question 35

Thinking-type individuals use reason and intellect to deal with problems and they downplay emotions.

Question 36

In assessing a person's problem-solving style, information gathering involves making judgments about how to deal with and interpret information.

Question 37

Stigma is a state of tension experienced by individuals facing extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities.

Question 38

Individuals with a Type A orientation are characterized as being more easy going and less competitive than Type B.

Question 39

Positive and innovative changes in organizations have a greater degree of positive effects on proactive individuals.

Question 40

High self-monitoring individuals cannot disguise their behaviors - "what you see is what you get."

Question 41

When using the Hofstede framework of national culture, it is important to remember that the five dimensions are independent.

Question 42

Which of the following means being aware of our own behaviors, preferences, styles, biases, personalities, and so on?

A) Self-awareness
B) Awareness of others
C) Self-concept
D) Self-esteem
E) Self-efficacy

Question 43

People are born into a society that teaches their members its culture.

Question 44

In Hofstede's framework of national culture, individualism-collectivism reflects the degree to which organizations emphasize competition and assertiveness versus interpersonal sensitivity and concerns for relationships.

Question 45

In Meglino's value schema, the value of honesty refers to being impartial and doing what is fair for all concerned.

Question 46

According to Hofstede's framework, value differences across national cultures can be evaluated in terms of power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, and long-term/short-term orientation.

Question 47

South Korea is low on Hofstede's long-term orientation and the U.S. is a more long-term oriented country.

Question 48

Meglino's value schema includes theoretical, economic, aesthetic, social, political, and religious values.

Question 49

__________ and __________ are two related aspects of the self-concept.

A) Self-esteem; self-monitoring
B) Self-esteem; self-assessment
C) Self-esteem; self-efficacy
D) Self-monitoring; self-assessment
E) Self-monitoring; self-efficacy

Question 50

When examining value congruence between leaders and followers, researchers using Meglino's value schema reported greater follower satisfaction with a leader when there was value congruence in terms of achievement, helping, honesty and fairness values.

Question 51

A leaking pipeline occurs when individuals express positive feelings upon encountering others who exhibit values similar to their own.

Question 52

Culture is the learned, shared way of doing things in a particular society.

Question 53

Both terminal and instrumental values differ across groups, and these differences can encourage conflict or agreement when the groups have to deal with each other.

Question 54

According to Hofstede's framework of national culture, uncertainty avoidance reflects the degree to which people are likely to respect hierarchy and rank in organizations.

Question 55

Interestingly, values rarely influence an individual's attitudes and behaviors.

Question 56

Bruce Meglino's classification of human values includes the values of achievement, helping and concern for others, honesty, and fairness.

Question 57

High power distance and individualism are often found together, as are low power distance and collectivism.

Question 58

When values differ, or are incongruent, conflicts over such things as goals and the means to achieve them may result.

Question 59

The way individuals think about such matters as achievement, material gain, wealth, risk and change may influence how they approach work and their relationships with organizations.

Question 60

Values are broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of action or outcomes.

Question 61

Problem-solving style reflects the way a person goes about __________ and evaluating information in solving problems and making decisions.

A) managing
B) interpreting
C) expressing
D) using
E) gathering

Question 62

What phrase was coined to describe how women have not reached the highest levels of organizations?

A) Multiculturalism
B) Inclusivity
C) Leaking pipeline
D) Reverse discrimination
E) Double bind

Question 63

Which of the following personality traits is NOT one of the "Big Five"?

A) Extraversion
B) Agreeableness
C) Conscientiousness
D) Self-concept
E) Emotional stability

Question 64

The display of negative, irrational, and superior opinions and attitudes toward persons who are different from ourselves is called:

A) discrimination.
B) stereotypes.
C) prejudice.
D) stigma.
E) perception.

Question 65

Title VII covers all of the following issues EXCEPT:

A) recruiting.
B) promotion.
C) job training.
D) union membership.
E) wages.

Question 66

Which of the following has been cited as a recommendation for changing structures and perceptions to address the leaking pipeline?

A) Provide mentoring for all high potential female managers
B) Create organizational cultures more satisfying to women
C) Measure performance through results
D) Actively monitor satisfaction levels of women
E) All of the above

Question 67

Combining a set of physical and mental characteristics that reflect how a person looks, thinks, acts, and feels is called:

A) cognition.
B) personality.
C) perception.
D) aptitude.
E) ability.

Question 68

__________ in organizations emphasizes appreciation of differences in creating a setting where everyone feels valued and accepted.

A) Employee appreciation
B) Valuing diversity
C) Diversity divergence
D) EEO
E) Employee tolerance

Question 69

Which of the following involves individual differences in things like personality and values?

A) Deep-level diversity
B) Surface-level diversity
C) Instrumental values
D) Locus of control
E) dogmatism

Question 70

Which of the following statements concerning sexual orientation is TRUE?

A) Sexual orientation is protected by the EEOC.
B) The first U.S. corporation to add sexual orientation to its nondiscrimination policy was Apple Computers.
C) A 2010 Harris poll shows that 78 percent of heterosexual adults in the U.S. agree that how an employee performs at his or her job should be the standard for judging an employee, not one's sexual orientation.
D) Few companies are extending rights to gay workers.
E) Attitudes towards gays in the workplace are not changing significantly.

Question 71

Acting with the mistaken assumption that a generalized cultural value applies equally to all members of the culture is called:

A) discrimination.
B) stereotypes.
C) prejudice.
D) stigma.
E) ecological fallacy.

Question 72

Traits involved with the "Big Five" personality trait of conscientiousness are:

A) outgoing, sociable, and assertive.
B) good-natured, trusting, and cooperative.
C) responsible, dependable, and persistent.
D) unworried, secure, and relaxed.
E) imaginative, curious, and broad-minded.

Question 73

Estimates indicate that __________ Americans have one or more physical or mental disabilities.

A) 10 million
B) 20 million
C) 30 million
D) 40 million
E) 50 million

Question 74

In recent years, the workplace has experienced a shift from a focus on diversity to a focus on __________.

A) multiculturalism
B) inclusion
C) social identity
D) affirmative action
E) EEO

Question 75

The "Big Five" personality dimension of agreeableness refers to which of the following sets of personality traits?

A) Outgoing, sociable, and assertive
B) Good-natured, trusting, and cooperative
C) Responsible, dependable, and persistent
D) Unworried, secure, and relaxed
E) Imaginative, curious, and broad-minded

Question 76

Which traits are associated with the "Big Five" personality dimension of extraversion?

A) Outgoing, sociable, and assertive
B) Good-natured, trusting, and cooperative
C) Responsible, dependable, and persistent
D) Unworried, secure, and relaxed
E) Imaginative, curious, and broad-minded

Question 77

Baby Boomers believe that Millennials __________.

A) are very hard working
B) are too entitled
C) are earning their stripes quickly
D) value structure
E) value professional dress

Question 78

________ means being aware of the behaviors, preferences, styles, biases, personalities, and so on of others.

A) Self-awareness
B) Awareness of others
C) Self-concept
D) Self-esteem
E) Self-efficacy

Question 79

Surface-level traits that reflect the way a person appears to others when interacting in various social settings are called ____________ traits.

A) standard
B) statutory
C) situational
D) social
E) demographic

Question 80

__________ involves individual differences in visible attributes such as race, sex, age, and physical abilities.

A) Deep-level diversity
B) Surface-level diversity
C) Instrumental values
D) Locus of control
E) Dogmatism