Deck 12: Sexual Variants, Abuse, and Dysfunctions

Question 1

According to abstinence theory, which of the following is necessary for health?

A) Healthy food.
B) Intellectual stimulation.
C) Exercising 7 days a week.
D) Sexual intercourse 3 to 5 times per week.

Answer 1

Healthy food.

Question 2

According to Dr. Kellogg, what treatment should be used as a last resort when a boy persistently exhibits weakness, signs of consumption, and mock piety?

A) A diet of mainly cereal and nuts
B) Vigorous exercise
C) Circumcision without anesthesia
D) Carbolic acid application

Answer 2

Circumcision without anesthesia

Question 3

Which of the following reasons was given for the elevated risk for mental problems in homosexual men and women?

A) Homosexuality is used as an escape from heterosexuality.
B) Homosexuality occurs as the result of a domineering mother.
C) Homosexuality is often accompanied by sociocultural stressors and stigmatization.
D) Homosexuality is subject to punishment by law.

Answer 3

Homosexuality is often accompanied by sociocultural stressors and stigmatization.

Question 4

Research about sexuality is ________

A) one of the earliest areas of research in psychology.
B) limited because there are relatively few forms of abnormal sexual behavior.
C) surprisingly limited due to taboos and political controversies surrounding sexual topics.
D) abundant, although it is plagued by methodological problems.

Question 5

Which of the following is cross-culturally universal?

A) Acceptance of homosexuality as an alternative lifestyle
B) Attitudes toward premarital sex
C) A distaste for extramarital sex between consenting adults
D) Males value physical appearance in partners more than females

Question 6

"Semen is responsible for masculine characteristics such as beard growth and for general physical and sexual vigor. Therefore, wasting semen through masturbation and patronizing prostitutes is damaging to the nervous system." This statement best illustrates the ________ theory of sexual behavior.

A) degeneracy
B) psychoanalytic
C) abstinence
D) disease

Question 7

The decision by APA to remove homosexuality from the DSM was ________

A) later challenged and overturned.
B) based on religious persecution.
C) based on a vote by mental health professionals.
D) based on research about the lack of treatment.

Question 8

Sexual behavior and attitudes are shaped by the influences of _________

A) intelligence.
B) research-based facts.
C) time and place.
D) comorbid diagnoses.

Question 9

Among psychoanalysts in the 1930s and 1940s, homosexuality was first seen as ________ but later was seen as ________.

A) a form of criminal behavior; defense against heterosexual urges
B) a severe form of psychological disability; a normal variant of sexual behavior
C) a result of highly pathological parent-child relationships; a conscious effort to gain attention
D) a variation of sexual function; a pathological escape from heterosexuality

Question 10

When it comes to cross-cultural similarities and differences concerning sexual behavior, which of the following statements is accurate?

A) Taboos on sex between close relatives are found in all known cultures.
B) Only in Western societies do men place greater emphasis on a partner's attractiveness.
C) In a specific culture, sexual attitudes and practices tend to be quite stable over hundreds of years.
D) In most cultures, people are highly tolerant of sexual nonconformity.

Question 11

The beliefs about homosexuality among the Sambia tribe illustrate that ________

A) such behavior is considered abnormal in all cultures.
B) cultures in developing nations are more accepting of sexual nonconformists than other cultures.
C) classification of sexual practices as abnormal is strongly influenced by culture.
D) there really is no such thing as abnormal sexual behavior.

Question 12

John Henry Kellogg wrote that there were ______ signs of "the secret vice" of masturbation.

A) 3
B) 9
C) 39
D) 72

Question 13

Which of the following is a true statement about attitudes in the United States about masturbation?

A) Masturbation is a universally accepted way of satisfying sexual desire.
B) Masturbation is no longer viewed as a disordered behavior, but public discussion of it may be actively discouraged.
C) A discussion of masturbation is a recommended element of all sex education courses.
D) Masturbation is openly discussed in most community settings.

Question 14

One of the reasons the Kinsey report is noteworthy is that it ________

A) revealed that homosexuality was much more common than expected.
B) established that homosexuals were psychologically normal.
C) redefined sexuality.
D) lead to the immediate removal of homosexuality from the DSM.

Question 15

Kellogg's cornflakes were designed to be anti-masturbation food because it was believed that ________

A) eating meat increased sexual desire.
B) the amount of time it took to eat them would help distract people from sexual interests.
C) the effort it took to eat them would make people too tired to be interested in sex.
D) cereals and grains caused impotence.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Sexual practices and standards are constantly evolving.
B) Over time, all cultures develop more liberal attitudes toward sex.
C) There is little that is considered "taboo" in modern society.
D) Monogamy is a dated concept.

Question 17

Freud ________

A) viewed homosexuality as a disease that could be easily treated.
B) was much more accepting of homosexuality than his contemporaries.
C) believed that homosexuals were really heterosexuals who were traumatized by their own sexual desires.
D) thought homosexuality developed as a result of early sexual trauma.

Question 18

It was once believed that masturbation caused ________

A) infertility.
B) insanity.
C) narcissism.
D) schizophrenia.

Question 19

Why is ritualized homosexuality practiced among the Sambia people of Papua, New Guinea?

A) Women are viewed as unattractive.
B) Heterosexual intercourse is only acceptable between married partners.
C) Few adults are exclusively heterosexual.
D) For the purpose of semen conservation.

Question 20

Sexual variants illustrate a theme in abnormal psychology better than any other category of disorder. Which theme?

A) The importance of stressors as the cause of disorder
B) The impact of disorder on one's occupational and social adjustment
C) The difficulty in defining the boundaries of normal and abnormal
D) The role of neurotransmitters in controlling thought and behavior

Question 21

Money and others have suggested that men are more vulnerable to paraphilias because _________

A) men are more easily aroused than women.
B) developing an attachment to an inanimate object is just a reflection of the male tendency to objectify women.
C) lasting maternal conflicts leave men unable to develop healthy sexual relationships with women.
D) sexual arousal in men is more visually based than the sexual arousal of women.

Question 22

Which of the following is the most common adult outcome of boys with gender dysphoria?

A) Homosexuality
B) Transsexualism
C) Masochism
D) Transvestism

Question 23

People with transvestic disorder ________

A) include males and females, although more males than females.
B) are usually heterosexual.
C) frequently cause harm to others.
D) wish to be the opposite gender.

Question 24

The most common theory about voyeurs is ________

A) they become classically conditioned to respond in a stronger way to the female body than most males.
B) they have difficulty relating to women and find peeping satisfies needs in a way that feels safe and powerful.
C) they were exposed to excess male hormones during prenatal development.
D) with the advent of more sexually explicit movies and magazines, voyeurism is quickly becoming extinct.

Question 25

Gary finds himself sexually aroused by dressing in women's clothing. He sometimes steals the clothes from women and from stores. He has a wife and is happy in his marriage. Gary's most likely diagnosis is ________

A) fetishism.
B) gender identity disorder.
C) exhibitionism.
D) transvestic disorder.

Question 26

Most boys with gender dysphoria ________

A) become transvestites in adulthood.
B) become transsexual adults.
C) are readily accepted by their peers.
D) become homosexual adults who no longer wish to change their gender.

Question 27

Cross-gender identification is characteristic of ________

A) transvestic fetishism.
B) exhibitionism.
C) frotteurism.
D) gender dysphoria.

Question 28

What is the most common sexual offense reported to the police?

A) Exhibitionism
B) Voyeurism
C) Frotteurism
D) Pedophilia

Question 29

Julia has a shoe fetish-she is not able to enjoy sex unless her partner is wearing her shoes. She needs to be touching the shoes in order to achieve sexual gratification. She becomes aroused by the sight of her own shoes. What is unusual about Julia's case of shoe fetishism?

A) Most fetishes involve animate objects.
B) Sexual dysfunction usually is seen in the fetishist.
C) Partners are usually not involved.
D) Female fetishists are rare.

Question 30

What is a paraphilia?

A) An abnormal level of sexual desire and behavior, whether homosexual or heterosexual.
B) An impairment in either the desire for sexual gratification or a dysfunction in achieving it.
C) A recurrent and distressing pattern of excluding all sexual behaviors except for masturbation.
D) Persistent sexual behavior patterns in which unusual objects or situations are required for sexual satisfaction.

Question 31

Martin has always felt he was really a girl. He dressed in girl's clothing as a child and still wants to be a girl. He is sure a mistake was made and that he is inhabiting the wrong sexed body. Martin's symptoms suggest a diagnosis of ________

A) frotteurism.
B) gender dysphoria.
C) transvestic fetishism.
D) homosexuality.

Question 32

The ________ enjoys inflicting pain, while the ________ desires pain and degradation.

A) masochist; sadist
B) voyeur; sadist
C) sadist; masochist
D) sadist; voyeur

Question 33

Serial killers tend to be ________

A) pedophiles.
B) masochists.
C) voyeurs.
D) sexual sadists.

Question 34

Which of the following disorders is associated with engaging in autoerotic asphyxia?

A) Transvestic fetishism
B) Scatologia
C) Frotteurism
D) Masochism

Question 35

Most sadists are ________

A) heterosexual men.
B) homosexual men.
C) heterosexual women.
D) homosexual women.

Question 36

For a person to be diagnosed with a paraphilic disorder, ________

A) the paraphilia must cause harm.
B) the person must be male.
C) the person must be female.
D) the paraphilia must involve an inanimate object.

Question 37

In __________, the individual has recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, and behaviors involving the use of some inanimate object or a part of the body not typically found erotic.

A) transvestism
B) gender identity disorder
C) homosexuality
D) fetishistic disorder

Question 38

Frotteurism is ________

A) sexual arousal by rubbing one's genital area against a nonconsenting person.
B) sexual arousal in a male exclusively through masturbation.
C) inability for males to be aroused by anything except inanimate objects.
D) sexual arousal in males by the thought of having their sex organs removed.

Question 39

Patricia, age 10, refuses to wear dresses and insists on being called Pat. She knows she is a girl, but she says boys have it better. She prefers playing with boys and only plays the games they play. She says she wants to be a football player and a mother when she grows up. Pat has ________

A) transsexualism.
B) transvestism.
C) gender identity disorder.
D) no disorder.

Question 40

Which of the following statements is true about paraphilias?

A) Almost all people with paraphilias are women.
B) Almost all people with paraphilias wish to change their sexual preferences.
C) Paraphilias typically begin around the time of middle adulthood.
D) Many people with paraphilias have more than one.

Question 41

Research on memory finds that ________

A) memory is highly accurate.
B) false memories can be experimentally induced.
C) false "recovered memories" only develop under hypnosis.
D) children are no more likely than adults to provide inaccurate testimony.

Question 42

Which statement below about the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse is accurate?

A) The prevalence of sexual abuse is probably lower than is commonly thought.
B) Estimated prevalence rates range from 25 percent to 75 percent.
C) Because of increased media attention, the prevalence has dropped dramatically in recent years.
D) Because definitions vary widely, estimates of prevalence vary widely, too.

Question 43

Angela is 10 and has been a victim of sexual abuse. The long-term effects ________

A) will include dissociative symptoms.
B) will almost certainly produce severe changes in thought, feeling, and behavior.
C) generally involve a compensatory sense of control.
D) may include later suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

Question 44

The most recent studies of satisfactory outcome from sex reassignment surgery find ________

A) most individuals are satisfied.
B) few individuals are satisfied.
C) satisfaction depends upon whether the operation involves a male-to-female or a female-to-male change.
D) satisfaction depends on the length of time that individuals live as the gender they wish to become prior to the surgery.

Question 45

Most transsexuals ________

A) are autogynephilic.
B) had gender dysphoria as children.
C) are exclusively heterosexual.
D) derive their sexual gratification from cross-dressing in public.

Question 46

It is quite rare for pedophilia to ________

A) involve a female pedophile.
B) involve sexual penetration or violence.
C) occur in children between 8 and 11.
D) include manipulation of the child's genitals.

Question 47

The McMartin Preschool case demonstrates how ________

A) interviewing style can alter the nature of a child's testimony.
B) psychotherapy can reveal repressed memories of abuse.
C) the public prefers to deny the reality of childhood sexual abuse.
D) children will not misreport experiences of sexual abuse because they are such traumatic events.

Question 48

Terrance is a pedophile. If his sexual responsiveness is similar to that found in studies of pedophiles, he will respond to erotic pictures of ________

A) female children, but not female adults.
B) male and female children, but not female adults.
C) children more than erotic pictures of adults.
D) male children, but not female adults.

Question 49

Which of the following is an argument against the use of surgical sex reassignment surgery for gender dysphoria?

A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been found to be effective for most in alleviating gender dysphoria.
B) Most of those who have such surgeries are not happy with the outcome.
C) Surgery should not be used to treat a psychological disorder.
D) Gender identity disorder is not a lifelong disorder and later regret is likely.

Question 50

A man who is aroused by the thought of himself as a woman has the paraphilia known as ________

A) transvestism.
B) transsexualism.
C) protophilia.
D) autogynephilia.

Question 51

Research on memories of childhood sexual abuse that arise during therapy indicates that ________

A) there is yet no consensus on the accuracy of these memories.
B) these memories are mainly accurate.
C) these memories are mainly inaccurate.
D) these memories are induced by therapist pressure.

Question 52

Concern about childhood sexual abuse has increased in the past decade due to ________

A) evidence that it is increasing in frequency.
B) changes in laws requiring that any suspicion of abuse must be reported to the authorities.
C) the recognition that such abuse may lead to other problems later in life.
D) improved techniques for determining the accuracy of recovered memories.

Question 53

Autogynephilic transsexuals differ from homosexual transsexuals in that ________

A) they are likely to be homosexual.
B) they are not especially feminine.
C) they are usually female-to-male transsexuals.
D) rarely do they have a history of tranvestic fetishism.

Question 54

One of the most controversial issues in psychology today concerns ________

A) whether there are any serious consequences of childhood sexual abuse.
B) whether there are any serious long-term consequences of rape and molestation in adult women.
C) the validity of recovered (formerly repressed) memories of abuse.
D) the validity of women's reports of rape.

Question 55

Most female-to-male transsexuals________

A) have always felt that they should be male.
B) did not have gender dysphoria as children.
C) want to be homosexual men.
D) have a paraphilia in which they are attracted to themselves as a man.

Question 56

Sam was a child with gender dysphoria. Now he is 26 and, feeling trapped in a man's body, he wants to become a woman. Adults with gender dysphoria are often referred to as a ________

A) transvestite.
B) transsexual.
C) lesbian.
D) person with autogynephilia.

Question 57

The only treatment that has been shown to be effective in treating gender dysphoria is ________

A) long-term psychodynamic therapy.
B) aversion therapy.
C) surgical sex reassignment.
D) medication to alter hormone production.

Question 58

In DSM-5, pedophilic disorder is defined by ________

A) the age of the preferred partner.
B) the behaviors exhibited.
C) the bodily maturity of the preferred partner.
D) the legal system; pedophilic disorder is not a diagnostic category on the DSM-5.

Question 59

Pedophilia frequently involves ________

A) adolescents.
B) oral contact.
C) sadistic acts.
D) masochism.

Question 60

Which of the following statements about childhood sexual abuse is true?

A) Victims of childhood sexual abuse are about twice as likely to develop a later mental disorder as those who were not abused.
B) Childhood sexual abuse usually does not have lasting consequences.
C) Most children dissociate during the actual sex act.
D) The most common short-term consequences are aggression and other acting-out behaviors.

Question 61

The most common form of incest is between ________

A) brother and sister.
B) father and daughter.
C) mother and son.
D) brother and brother.

Question 62

What do rape and incest have in common?

A) Both involve sex with an unwilling partner.
B) The accuracy of prevalence estimates is questioned.
C) Both are motivated primarily by aggression.
D) There is much debate as to how they are defined.

Question 63

Which of the following best fits the subset of rapists known as "date rapists"?

A) A 19-year-old white male university student from a wealthy family
B) A 45-year-old black man who works for a cable company
C) A 30-year-old Asian man who lives with his parents
D) A 67-year-old Hispanic man who is married with teenage children

Question 64

Rape shield laws ________

A) limit the amount of information about the defendant's past crimes that can be used in court.
B) limit the amount of information that can be used in court about the mental health status of the defendant.
C) limit the amount of information about a victim's past sexual history that can be used in court.
D) are no longer used.

Question 65

The recidivism rate for rapists ________

A) suggests that neither incarceration nor treatment is an effective approach to dealing with this type of crime.
B) is much higher than is suggested by the media.
C) has been declining since the introduction of mandatory chemical castration.
D) decreases steadily with age.

Question 66

Which of the following is most likely to be a victim of incest?

A) A son
B) A stepdaughter
C) A sister
D) A stepson

Question 67

Which of the following is not a likely consequence for a woman who has been raped?

A) PTSD
B) Negative impact on sexual functioning
C) Violent behavior toward random men
D) Negative impact on relationships

Question 68

________ often desire mastery or dominance over others, will idealize who they are with for their simplicity and innocence, and believe that the other person benefits from sexual contact,

A) Masochists
B) Pedophiles
C) Fetishists
D) Voyeurs

Question 69

Which of the following sex offenders is most likely to reoffend?

A) A twenty-five-year-old pedophile
B) A thirty-year-old rapist
C) A twenty-year-old convicted of statutory rape
D) An eighty-year-old sadist

Question 70

Studies of sex offenders suggest that ________

A) the feminist view of rape as an act of aggression rather than sex is accurate.
B) about half of rapists are motivated purely by aggression and the rest by distorted sexual motives.
C) all rapists are motivated by both aggression and distorted sexual motives.
D) rape is normal sexual behavior for young adult males.

Question 71

Statutory rape ________

A) describes sexual activity that occurs under actual or threatened forcible coercion.
B) is sexual activity with a person who is under the age of 18.
C) is sexual activity with a person who is legally defined to be under the age of consent.
D) has only occurred when the rape victim has said "no."

Question 72

How is sexual assault different from rape?

A) The age distribution of the victims
B) Whether the victim was also at fault
C) The type of unwanted sexual contact
D) The age of the perpetrator

Question 73

The most common personality characteristic of rapists is ________

A) sexual sadism.
B) impulsivity.
C) empathy.
D) extraversion.

Question 74

McCabe and Wauchope's (2005) classification system for types of rapists varies in terms of ________

A) amount of violence.
B) amount of sexual and aggressive motives.
C) whether the rapists know their victims.
D) whether they target children or adults.

Question 75

Ted is a rapist. If he is typical of most convicted rapists, he ________

A) has never committed a crime before.
B) is under 25 and has a prior criminal record.
C) is well-educated, charming, and middle-class.
D) was a close friend or lover of the rape victim.

Question 76

"Victim-precipitated rape" ________

A) is what we commonly refer to as "date rape."
B) is a myth of rape as provoked by the victim's clothing or behavior.
C) involves no true rape but is a form of sexual assault.
D) does not have any lasting psychological impact.

Question 77

Incest offenders differ from extra-familial child molesters in that the incest offenders ________

A) don't show arousal to pictures of children.
B) typically have more victims.
C) typically choose girls as victims.
D) are more introverted.

Question 78

Which of the following people best illustrates the most common type of pedophile?

A) Werner, who is sadistic and enjoys causing pain.
B) Frank, who is interpersonally unskilled and feels in control when dominating a child.
C) Norman, who is bisexual, but cannot respond sexually to adult men or women.
D) Ben, who has low self-esteem and fantasizes about being dominated by others in sexual relationships.

Question 79

Males who have been raped ________

A) show similar long-term psychological distress as women do.
B) show less long-term psychological distress than women.
C) show different long-term psychological symptoms than women.
D) never report it.

Question 80

Incest ________

A) is an accepted practice in many cultures.
B) commonly occurs in most animal species.
C) has only occurred among first cousins.
D) was once used to protect the royal blood in Egypt.