Deck 7: Understanding and Reaching Global Consumers and Markets

Question 1

The Tahitian pearl market might never have existed were it not for Salvador Assael,the "pearl king" of the South Seas.Assael got into the pearl business at the end of World War II.Tahiti had thousands of Swiss watches but suddenly had no GIs to buy them.Assael observed that the Japanese were desperate for watches but had no cash,and also,that the Japanese still had a pearl industry.So,Assael oversaw the swapping of watches for pearls,which were then sold to the Australian and U.S.markets.This international barter is an example of

A)a reciprocity agreement.
B)balance of trade.
C)cross-cultural commerce.
D)countertrade.
E)a trade feedback effect.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Why did Dell,Inc. ,embark on a global growth initiative?

A)U.S.sales had decreased.
B)Dell was recently purchased by Lenovo,a major Chinese competitor.
C)There was too much competition in Dell's direct-to-consumer marketing channel.
D)There were fewer restrictions in computer technology outside the United States.
E)Emerging economies offered significant growth potential.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

In what way is Dell's expansion into the global arena a departure from its prior marketing practices?

A)All Dell products were manufactured in the countries within which they were sold.
B)Dell sold its products to emerging markets using the telephone and Internet sales strategy that was so successful in the United States.
C)Dell opened "shop-within-a-shop" stores in selected retailers in India.
D)Dell sold only laptops in China whereas it sold both desktops and laptops in India due to trade restrictions in China.
E)Dell designed and distributed the same products globally to take advantage of economies of scale.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Daimler AG agreed to sell 30 trucks to Romania and accept in exchange 150 Romanian-made Jeeps,which it sold in Ecuador in exchange for bananas,which it brought back to Germany and sold to a German supermarket chain in exchange for cash.This complex transaction is an example of (a)

A)competitive advantage.
B)balance of trade.
C)quota.
D)trade feedback.
E)countertrade.

Question 5

Which global perspective on world trade views exports and imports as complementary economic flows?

A)the balance of trade
B)quotas
C)the trade feedback effect
D)the competitive advantage of nations
E)tariffs

Question 6

The Malaysian government recently exchanged 20,000 tons of rice for an equivalent amount of Philippine corn.This transaction is an example of (a)

A)countertrade.
B)competitive advantage.
C)balance of trade.
D)quota.
E)trade feedback.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the dynamics of world trade is most accurate?

A)Manufactured products and commodities account for only 75 percent of world trade.
B)Services such as telecommunications,transportation,and banking account for three-fourths of world trade.
C)The United States will replace China as the biggest country in terms of world trade by 2015.
D)All nations participate equally in world trade.
E)Dollar value of world trade has more than doubled in the past decade.

Question 8

What percentage of world trade involves countertrade?

A)5% to 10%
B)10% to 15%
C)15% to 25%
D)roughly 50%
E)Countertrade is so pervasive that it cannot accurately be measured.

Question 9

According to Figure 7-1 above,which of the following countries is the world's leading importer?

A)France
B)Germany
C)Japan
D)United States
E)China

Question 10

The practice of using barter rather than money for making global sales is referred to as

A)trade balancing.
B)tariffs.
C)the trade feedback effect.
D)countertrade.
E)currency forbearance.

Question 11

Dell established its company primarily with direct telephone-and Internet-based sales.In terms of Dell's global expansion strategy,which of the following statements is most accurate?

A)Dell sells its computers via word of mouth,which is the most powerful method for consumer electronics.
B)Dell partners with each country's largest department stores and sells its computers in the small appliance department.
C)Dell issues its own credit card through multinational banks,making it possible for customers who would not normally qualify for credit to do so.
D)Dell distributes its products through individual sales associates who reach out to customers with a first-hand experience at their doorsteps.
E)Dell maintains the exact same U.S.strategies that brought it this far because it sees no reason to "mess with success."

Question 12

The Malaysian government recently exchanged 20,000 tons of rice for an equivalent amount of Philippine corn.This transaction is an example of (a)

A)countertrade.
B)competitive advantage.
C)balance of trade.
D)quota.
E)trade feedback.

Question 13

Which of the following countries is the world's leading exporter?

A)United States
B)China
C)India
D)Germany
E)Japan

Question 14

Which of the following statements most accuratELY describes the global perspective on world trade?

A)Exports are of significantly greater importance than imports.
B)Imports are of significantly greater importance than exports.
C)Imports and exports should be complementary economic flows: a country's imports affect its exports and exports affect its imports.
D)Exports and imports should always be kept in a state of equilibrium.
E)Imports and exports should be controlled through extensive use of international tariffs,quotas,and other and trade regulations.

Question 15

Which of the following countries is the world's leading importer?

A)United States
B)China
C)India
D)Germany
E)Japan

Question 16

According to Figure 7-1 above,which of the following countries is the world's leading exporter?

A)United States
B)France
C)China
D)Germany
E)Japan

Question 17

Volvo of North America delivered automobiles to the Siberian police force when Siberia had no cash to pay for them.It accepted payment in oil,which it then sold for cash to pay for media advertising in the United States.This transaction is an example of

A)a quota.
B)countertrade.
C)balance of trade.
D)competitive advantage.
E)a trade feedback effect.

Question 18

The trade feedback effect is one argument for

A)decreasing a nation's exports.
B)free trade agreements.
C)increased tariffs and quotas.
D)international trade associations.
E)decreasing a nation's imports.

Question 19

Countertrade refers to

A)the illegal agreement of one country to buy products exclusively from another.
B)the legal agreement of one country to buy products exclusively with another.
C)the practice of using barter rather than money for making global sales.
D)the sale of industrial goods from a brick and mortar outlet rather than directly from the manufacturer.
E)the use of legal tender in making global sales.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the dynamics of world trade is most accurate?

A)As the largest international marketer,the U.S.accounts for 85 percent of world trade.
B)World trade refers exclusively to the exchange of money for products or services.
C)An estimated 35 percent of world trade involves countertrade.
D)The U.S. ,Western Europe,Canada,China,and Japan together account for more than ⅔ of world trade.
E)European intratrade is smaller but more powerful than for any of the other world regions.

Question 21

The difference between the monetary value of a nation's exports and imports is called its

A)countertrade.
B)trade feedback effect.
C)balance of trade.
D)gross domestic product.
E)tariffs.

Question 22

Balance of trade refers to

A)the sum of all a nation's imports and exports.
B)the difference between the monetary value of a nation's exports and imports.
C)the comparison of total exports from one country to another.
D)the difference between projected sales and actual sales for a nation's exports.
E)the state of equilibrium when two neighboring nations participate in countertrade.

Question 23

Michael Porter has identified four key elements to explain why some companies and industries succeed globally while others fail.These four elements are collectively referred as

A)the balance of trade wheel.
B)the points of difference effect.
C)the trade feedback effect.
D)the international trade pyramid.
E)the diamond of national competitive advantage.

Question 24

Which of the following statements about world trade flows is most accurate?

A)The United States is tied with China and Japan as the world's leaders in exports.
B)The U.S.percentage share of world exports has shifted upwards over the past 30 years.
C)The U.S.has maintained a steady percentage share of world imports.
D)The relative position of the U.S.as a supplier to the world has diminished despite an absolute growth in exports.
E)The United States' relative role as an exporter has decreased in areas of aerospace,chemical,pharmaceutical,and information technology industries within the past five years.

Question 25

Which of the following statements about world trade flows is most accurate?

A)The United States is tied with China and Japan as the world's leaders in exports.
B)The U.S.percentage share of world exports has shifted downwards over the past 30 years.
C)The U.S.has maintained a steady percentage share of world imports.
D)The United States' relative role as an exporter has decreased in the area of aerospace during the past five years.
E)The relative position of the U.S.as a supplier to the world has increased because of an absolute growth in exports.

Question 26

Gross domestic product refers to

A)the monetary value of all products and services produced by a single manufacturer during one year.
B)the monetary value of all domestic exports of a nation during one year.
C)the monetary value of all products and services produced in a country during one year.
D)the monetary value of all domestic imports of a nation during one year.
E)the difference between all domestic exports and imports for any nation during the course of one fiscal year.

Question 27

When a nation's imports exceed its exports,it incurs a __________ in its balance of trade.

A)countertrade
B)trade feedback effect
C)deficit
D)surplus
E)tariff

Question 28

When a nation's exports exceed its imports,it incurs a __________ in its balance of trade.

A)countertrade
B)trade feedback effect
C)deficit
D)surplus
E)tariff

Question 29

The four largest exporters to the United States are

A)China,Canada,Mexico,and Japan.
B)Japan,Germany,Brazil,and Canada.
C)China,Brazil,Japan,and Germany.
D)Mexico,Argentina,Brazil,and Venezuela.
E)England,Canada,Australia,and New Zealand.

Question 30

Which of the following statements about world trade flows is most accurate?

A)China is the world leader in terms of GDP (gross domestic product).
B)The relative position of the United States as a supplier to the world has increased because of an absolute growth in exports.
C)The relative position of the U.S.as a supplier to the world has diminished despite an absolute growth in exports.
D)The United States' relative role as an exporter has decreased in the area of aerospace during the past five years.
E)It is impossible to compare GDPs of different nations since it is an internal measurement of economic activity.

Question 31

Which of the following statements about world trade flows is most accurate?

A)The EU (European Union)is the world leader in terms of GDP (gross domestic product).
B)The relative position of the United States as a supplier to the world has increased because of an absolute growth in exports.
C)The United States is running a continuing trade surplus because it has the world's largest gross domestic product.
D)The United States' relative role as an exporter has increased in the area of aerospace.
E)During the past 30 years,the relative position of the U.S.in terms of GDP has remained stable despite the fact that actual value of products and services has increased.

Question 32

The monetary value of all products and services produced in a country during one year is referred to as the

A)gross national production.
B)gross domestic product.
C)national monetary reserve.
D)monetary domestic product.
E)annual national product.

Question 33

Which of the following statements about world trade flows is most accurate?

A)No accurate data have been made available from the WTO for trade imports and exports.
B)The volume of imports and exports has consistently decreased.
C)U.S.imports and U.S.exports have been about equal,indicating balanced trade.
D)U.S.exports have exceeded U.S.imports,indicating a continuing trade surplus.
E)The volume of both U.S.exports and U.S.imports has increased significantly.

Question 34

World trade flows to and from the United States reflect __________ for products and services among nations and industries.

A)demand and supply interdependencies
B)disparities between supply and demand
C)positive and negative synergistic trade
D)a negative currency exchange
E)an ethnocentric bias

Question 35

Which of the following statements about the relationship between the imports into the U.S.and the exports from the U.S.during the last 30 years is most accurate?

A)No accurate data has been made available from the WTO on trade imports and exports.
B)The volume of both imports and exports has consistently decreased.
C)Imports into the U.S.and exports have been about equal,indicating balanced trade.
D)Exports have exceeded imports,indicating a continuing balance of trade surplus.
E)Imports have exceeded exports,indicating a continuing balance of trade deficit.

Question 36

Which of the following statements about world trade flows is most accurate?

A)The U.S.is the world leader in terms of GDP (gross domestic product).
B)The relative position of the United States as a supplier to the world has increased because of an absolute growth in exports.
C)The United States is running a continuing trade surplus because it has the world's smallest GDP.
D)The United States' relative role as an exporter has decreased in the area of aerospace during the past five years.
E)During the past 30 years,the relative position of the U.S.in terms of GDP has remained stable despite the fact that actual value of products and services has increased.

Question 37

Changes in the products Americans buy and sell,additional jobs,and an improved standard of living are all effects of

A)an increase in imports and an increase of exports.
B)an increase in imports and a decrease in exports.
C)a decrease in imports and a decrease in exports.
D)a state of equilibrium between imports and exports.
E)the reversal of importance between the services sector and the manufacturing sector.

Question 38

The four largest importers of U.S.products and services are

A)Japan,Germany,China,and Canada.
B)Canada,Mexico,China,and Japan.
C)China,Brazil,Japan,and Germany.
D)Mexico,Canada,Europe,and China.
E)England,Canada,Australia,and New Zealand.

Question 39

Recipco and Tradaq are both companies that connect international companies who want to barter the products they make for the products they need without using cash or credit.Recipco and Tradaq assist international companies in making

A)countertrades.
B)quota exchanges.
C)trading exchanges.
D)balances of trade.
E)WTO trade arrangements.

Question 40

Which of the following statements about world trade flows is most accurate?

A)The EU (European Union)is the world leader in terms of GDP (gross domestic product).
B)The relative position of the United States as a supplier to the world has increased despite an absolute growth in exports.
C)The U.S.role as a marketplace for the world has increased,especially for automobiles,oil,textiles,and consumer electronics.
D)The United States' relative role as an exporter has decreased in the area of aerospace during the past five years.
E)The United States' relative role as an exporter changed dramatically when it became a service-oriented economy.

Question 41

To become leaders in the world market,countries need related and supporting industries because

A)collaborative suppliers can generate revenue for further investment.
B)they can eliminate the need to import materials from other countries.
C)most countries still believe strongly in protectionism.
D)clusters of strong suppliers can accelerate innovation.
E)their union lessens financial vulnerability and increases buying power.

Question 42

The Italian shoe industry has become a world leader because of intense domestic competition among firms such as Bruno Magli and Rossimoda.According to Michael Porter's theory about national competitive advantage,Italy's success in the shoe industry is due in part to its

A)company strategy,structure,and rivalry.
B)absence of competition.
C)related and supporting industries.
D)factor conditions.
E)demand conditions.

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of a demand condition?

A)available natural resources
B)existence of supplier clusters
C)sophistication of consumers
D)intensity of competition
E)competitive wage rates

Question 44

Which of the following is an element of company strategy,structure,and rivalry?

A)sales of companies in an industry
B)size of market
C)number of suppliers
D)intensity of competition
E)number of sophisticated consumers

Question 45

Which of the following is an element of related and supporting industries?

A)media exposure of products
B)existence of supplier clusters
C)sophistication of consumers
D)intensity of competition
E)aggregation of markets

Question 46

Nine out of every 10 diamonds sold in the world pass through India,making diamonds that country's largest export at $6.6 billion a year.One of the reasons for its success is the nation's 2,500 trading firms,banks,airlines,customers' offices,and courier services that make sure the diamonds are safely delivered.According to Michael Porter's theory about national competitive advantage,India's success in the diamond industry is due in part to its

A)company strategy,structure,and rivalry.
B)absence of competition.
C)related and supporting industries.
D)factor conditions.
E)demand conditions.

Question 47

Austria has been described as "the very heartland of European coffee culture." These "coffee-knowledgeable" Austrians drink 21.5 liters of coffee per person annually.Starbucks wanted to open coffee houses in Austria and sell Starbucks coffee there.For Starbucks,the Austrian level of coffee-drinking sophistication would be an example of

A)structural conditions.
B)demand conditions.
C)socio-cultural conditions.
D)competitive conditions.
E)factor conditions.

Question 48

Each day,in a third-class carriage of the express train that runs between Bombay and Ahmadabad,plainly dressed couriers carry precious cargo: diamonds.Rough gems are imported to Bombay from dealers in London,Antwerp,Tel Aviv,and New York.Couriers then take these gems to cutting and polishing centers in Gujarat state and then carry them back to Bombay to be reexported to the world.This system,based on trust,secrecy,and skilled low-cost labor,has worked for half a century.It has helped make India the world's premier center for diamond cutting and polishing.Nine out of every 10 stones sold in the world pass through India,making diamonds that country's largest export.India's ability to use its skilled labor as a resource is an example of what Michael Porter would term

A)structural conditions.
B)demand conditions.
C)factor conditions.
D)competitive conditions.
E)socio-cultural conditions.

Question 49

The Dutch lead the world in the cut-flower industry because of their research in flower cultivation,packaging,and shipping.Using this knowledge as a resource is an example of what Michael Porter would term

A)structural conditions.
B)demand conditions.
C)socio-cultural conditions.
D)competitive conditions.
E)factor conditions.

Question 50

According to Michael Porter's diamond in Figure 7-2 above,quadrant "B" represents

A)factor conditions.
B)related and supporting industries.
C)demand conditions.
D)managerial conditions.
E)company strategy,structure,and rivalry.

Question 51

According to Michael Porter's diamond in Figure 7-2 above,quadrant "D" represents

A)factor conditions.
B)related and supporting industries.
C)demand conditions.
D)managerial conditions.
E)company strategy,structure,and rivalry.

Question 52

According to Michael Porter's diamond in Figure 7-2 above,quadrant "A" represents

A)factor conditions.
B)related and supporting industries.
C)demand conditions.
D)managerial conditions.
E)company strategy,structure,and rivalry.

Question 53

Which of the following statements reflects Michael Porter's theory regarding national competitive advantage?

A)Clusters of strong suppliers can interfere with entry into a global market.
B)A firm that succeeds in global markets often has first succeeded in its domestic market.
C)A country's natural resources,education,and infrastructure often pose obstacles that cannot be overcome.
D)The first goal of a global marketer is to actively educate a nation's domestic customers.
E)A nation's domestic workforce is more motivated to work for foreign corporations than its own.

Question 54

According to Michael Porter's diamond in Figure 7-2 above,quadrant "C" represents

A)factor conditions.
B)related and supporting industries.
C)demand conditions.
D)managerial conditions.
E)company strategy,structure,and rivalry.

Question 55

Michael Porter has identified four key elements in a nation's competitive advantage: factor conditions;demand conditions;related and supporting industries;and __________.

A)consumer behavior
B)workforce education and skill levels
C)governmental regulation
D)company strategy,structure and rivalry
E)suppliers

Question 56

Michael Porter has identified four key elements in a nation's competitive advantage: factor conditions;demand conditions;__________;and company strategy,structure and rivalry.

A)consumer behavior
B)workforce education and skill levels
C)related and supporting industries
D)governmental regulation
E)ethnocentrism

Question 57

Michael Porter has identified four key elements in a nation's competitive advantage: factor conditions;__________;related and supporting industries;and company strategy,structure and rivalry.

A)demand conditions
B)ethnocentrism
C)barriers to entry
D)governmental regulation
E)suppliers

Question 58

Michael Porter has identified four key elements in a nation's competitive advantage: __________;demand conditions;related and supporting industries;and company strategy,structure and rivalry.

A)industry composition
B)size of market
C)governmental regulation
D)suppliers
E)factor conditions

Question 59

Which of the following statements reflects Michael Porter's theory regarding national competitive advantage?

A)Clusters of strong suppliers can interfere with entry into a global market.
B)A firm that succeeds in global markets has often left a domestic market because it was too competitive.
C)A country's natural resources,education,and infrastructure can be turned into a competitive advantage.
D)The first goal of a global marketer is to actively educate a nation's domestic customers.
E)A nation's domestic workforce is more motivated to work for foreign corporations than its own.

Question 60

According to Michael Porter's diamond of national competitive advantage,both the number and sophistication of domestic customers for an industry's product are examples of

A)structural conditions.
B)demand conditions.
C)socio-cultural conditions.
D)competitive conditions.
E)factor conditions.

Question 61

Competitive advantage for global firms grows out of continuous improvement,__________,and change.

A)product quality
B)employment of a multicultural or multinational staff
C)membership in a formalized trade organization
D)market research
E)innovation

Question 62

Those in favor of protectionism argue that it

A)helps reduce tariffs and quotas.
B)encourages the development of domestic industries.
C)encourages economic reliance on foreign countries.
D)creates opportunities for the outsourcing of domestic jobs.
E)creates a more favorable environment for a global economy.

Question 63

The estimated cost of economic espionage to firms in the United States is estimated to be

A)$10 billion per year.
B)$250 billion per year.
C)$750 billion per year.
D)$900 billion per year.
E)exceeding $1 trillion per year.

Question 64

Four trends in the past decade have significantly influenced the landscape of global marketing.One of them is

A)an increase in economic protectionism and a decline free trade.
B)a more aggressive attitude towards initiating international tariffs and quota systems.
C)a decrease in most countries' GDPs and a renewal of nationalism.
D)the emergence of networked global marketspace.
E)an increase in most countries' GDPs coupled with an increased degree of consumer ethnocentrism.

Question 65

The practice of shielding one or more sectors of a country's economy from foreign competition through the use of tariffs or quotas is referred to as

A)domestic imperialism.
B)protectionism.
C)blocked competition.
D)import taxation.
E)trade restriction.

Question 66

Which of the following statements reflects Michael Porter's theory regarding national competitive advantage?

A)Clusters of strong suppliers can interfere with entry into a global market.
B)A firm that succeeds in global markets has often left a domestic market because it was too competitive.
C)A country's natural resources,education,and infrastructure can represent obstacles that are often difficult to overcome.
D)Conditions such as the number and sophistication of domestic customers can affect demand for an industry's product.
E)A nation's domestic workforce is more motivated to work for foreign corporations than its own.

Question 67

The prescribed penalty for individuals found guilty of the theft of trade secrets is

A)up to 25 years in prison and fines up to $10 million.
B)life in prison with chance of parole after 25 years.
C)expulsion from the United States and/or revocation of citizenship.
D)30 years in prison and fines to be determined by the courts.
E)up to 15 years in prison and fines up to $500,000.

Question 68

The clandestine collection of trade secrets or proprietary information about a company's competitors is referred to as

A)trade piracy.
B)transnational fraud.
C)economic espionage.
D)competitive duplicity.
E)transnational espionage.

Question 69

Four trends in the past decade have significantly influenced the landscape of global marketing.One of them is

A)the rise of economic integration and free trade among nations.
B)an increase in economic protectionism and a decline in free trade.
C)a more aggressive attitude towards initiating international tariffs and quota systems.
D)a decrease in most countries' GDPs and a renewal of nationalism.
E)an increase in most countries' GDPs coupled with an increased degree of consumer ethnocentrism.

Question 70

Competitive advantage for global firms grows out of continuous improvement,innovation,and __________.

A)accountability
B)change
C)product quality
D)company size
E)location

Question 71

The economic argument for protectionism is that it

A)protects a nation's political security.
B)encourages economic reliance on foreign countries.
C)inhibits the development of domestic industries.
D)creates opportunities for the outsourcing of domestic jobs.
E)creates a more favorable environment for a global economy.

Question 72

The Economic Espionage Act

A)allows the World Court in The Hague to adjudicate trade disputes on behalf of United Nations' members and requires the home country to impose any penalties.
B)imposes a personal fine on a convicted U.S.citizen of up to $10 million.
C)targets espionage activities that are commonplace in any industry that holds governmental contracts.
D)makes the theft of trade secrets by foreign entities a federal crime in the U.S.
E)is well-intended in theory,but is virtually impossible to enforce.

Question 73

Four trends in the past decade have significantly influenced the landscape of global marketing.One of them is

A)an increase in most countries' GDPs coupled with an increased degree of consumer ethnocentrism.
B)a significant increase in economic protectionism and a decline in free trade.
C)a more aggressive attitude toward initiating international tariffs and quota systems.
D)a decrease in most countries' GDPs and a renewal of nationalism.
E)a decline in economic protectionism by individual countries.

Question 74

Protectionism refers to

A)the practice of purchasing products exclusively from a domestic market in order to shore up a nation's economy.
B)the use of tariffs,quotas,and boycotts with the express intention of putting foreign competitors out of business.
C)the practice of shielding one or more sectors of a country's economy from foreign competition through the use of tariffs or quotas.
D)a form of domestic imperialism that holds that only those products manufactured within one's home nation are of sufficient quality to warrant purchase.
E)the practice of purchasing products exclusively from a foreign developing country in order to develop its industries and economic infrastructure.

Question 75

Competitive advantage for global firms grows out of __________,innovation,and change.

A)product quality
B)continuous improvement
C)employment of a multicultural or multinational staff
D)membership in a formalized trade organization
E)market research

Question 76

Which of the following statements reflects Michael Porter's theory regarding national competitive advantage?

A)Clusters of strong suppliers can accelerate innovation.
B)A firm that succeeds in global markets has often left a domestic market because it was too competitive.
C)A country's natural resources,education,and infrastructure can represent obstacles that are often difficult to overcome.
D)The first goal of a global marketer is to actively educate a nation's domestic customers.
E)A nation's domestic workforce is more motivated to work for foreign corporations than its own.

Question 77

The prescribed penalty for agents of foreign governments found guilty of economic espionage is

A)up to 15 years in prison and fines up to $500,000.
B)life in prison with chance of parole after 25 years.
C)25 years in prison and a $10 million fine.
D)permanent expulsion from the United States.
E)30 years in prison and fines proportional to the damage caused.

Question 78

Four trends in the past decade have significantly influenced the landscape of global marketing.One of them is

A)an increase in economic protectionism and a decline in free trade.
B)a more aggressive attitude towards initiating international tariffs and quota systems.
C)global competition among global companies for global customers.
D)a decrease in most countries' GDPs and a renewal of nationalism.
E)an increase in most countries' GDPs coupled with an increased degree of consumer ethnocentrism.

Question 79

Economic espionage is the clandestine collection of trade secrets or __________.

A)government economic information
B)industrial intelligence
C)government weapons information
D)banking lists
E)proprietary information about competitors

Question 80

Although there are many factors contributing to the success of major global marketers,a common theme seems to be that they

A)first became involved with a formalized trade organization,such as the WTO.
B)specialized in services rather than consumer products.
C)employed a multicultural or multinational staff.
D)first succeeded in intense domestic competition.
E)were the largest companies in their industry.