Deck 18: Special Inventory Models

Question 1

Consider a manufacturer that uses the economic production lot size (ELS)model.What must be the relationship be between production rate and demand rate for the producer to spend exactly the same time in the production and demand portion of the inventory cycle as they spend in only the demand portion of the inventory cycle?

A)p = d
B)p = 0.5d
C)p = 2d
D)p = 1.5d

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Consider a noninstantaneous replenishment situation in which the production rate is 100 units per day,the demand rate is four units per day,and the economic production lot size is 500 units.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)The average cycle inventory is fewer than 225 units.
B)The average cycle inventory is greater than 300 units.
C)The rate of buildup in cycle inventory during the production cycle is fewer than 100 units per day.
D)The rate of buildup in cycle inventory during the production cycle is greater than or equal to 400 units per day.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Consider a manufacturer that uses the economic production lot size (ELS)model.What must be the relationship be between production rate and demand rate for the producer to spend double the time in the production and demand portion of the inventory cycle than they spend in only the demand portion of the inventory cycle?

A)p = 1.5d
B)p = d
C)2p = d
D)p = 2d

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Scenario C.1
Jerry Allison is in charge of production for a small producer of plumbing supplies.The cricket model has an estimated annual demand of 12,000 units and can be produced at a production rate of 90 units per day.The company produces (and sells)the cricket 300 days per year.Setup cost to produce this model averages $22 and the item has a holding cost of $3 per unit per year.
Use the information in Scenario C.1.What is the maximum inventory if Jerry chooses to produce at the economic production lot size (ELS)?

A)fewer than or equal to 300 units
B)greater than 300 units but fewer than or equal to 320 units
C)greater than 320 units but fewer than or equal to 340 units
D)greater than 340 units

Question 5

In a noninstantaneous replenishment model,as the daily demand approaches the daily production rate,the:

A)number of production runs per year decreases.
B)length in days of a production run increases.
C)economic lot size increases.
D)time between production runs decreases.

Question 6

Scenario C.1
Jerry Allison is in charge of production for a small producer of plumbing supplies.The cricket model has an estimated annual demand of 12,000 units and can be produced at a production rate of 90 units per day.The company produces (and sells)the cricket 300 days per year.Setup cost to produce this model averages $22 and the item has a holding cost of $3 per unit per year.
Use the information in Scenario C.1.What is the economic production lot size (ELS)?

A)fewer than or equal to 400 units
B)greater than 400 units but fewer than or equal to 480 units
C)greater than 480 units but fewer than or equal to 500 units
D)greater than 500 units

Question 7

The pile of inventory accumulated in an economic production lot size situation is ________ than the lot size dictated by the ELS calculation.

Question 8

Scenario C.1
Jerry Allison is in charge of production for a small producer of plumbing supplies.The cricket model has an estimated annual demand of 12,000 units and can be produced at a production rate of 90 units per day.The company produces (and sells)the cricket 300 days per year.Setup cost to produce this model averages $22 and the item has a holding cost of $3 per unit per year.
Use the information in Scenario C.1.If Jerry chooses to produce batches dictated by the economic production lot size (ELS)model,how many days elapse between the start of consecutive production runs (what is the time between runs or TBO)?

A)fewer than or equal to 8 days
B)greater than 8 days but fewer than or equal to 10 days
C)greater than 10 days but fewer than or equal to 12 days
D)greater than 12 days

Question 9

Scenario C.1
Jerry Allison is in charge of production for a small producer of plumbing supplies.The cricket model has an estimated annual demand of 12,000 units and can be produced at a production rate of 90 units per day.The company produces (and sells)the cricket 300 days per year.Setup cost to produce this model averages $22 and the item has a holding cost of $3 per unit per year.
Use the information in Scenario C.1.How many production runs per year are needed if Jerry chooses to produce at his economic production lot size (ELS)?

A)fewer than or equal to 10 runs
B)greater than 10 runs but fewer than or equal to 20 runs
C)greater than 20 runs but fewer than or equal to 30 runs
D)greater than 30 runs

Question 10

The ________ is the optimal lot size in situations in which replenishment is not instantaneous.

Question 11

Scenario C.1
Jerry Allison is in charge of production for a small producer of plumbing supplies.The cricket model has an estimated annual demand of 12,000 units and can be produced at a production rate of 90 units per day.The company produces (and sells)the cricket 300 days per year.Setup cost to produce this model averages $22 and the item has a holding cost of $3 per unit per year.
Use the information in Scenario C.1.If Jerry chooses to produce the batch size suggested by the economic production lot size (ELS)model,what is the annual cost?

A)less than or equal to $900
B)greater than $900 but less than or equal to $950
C)greater than $950 but less than or equal to $1000
D)greater than $1000

Question 12

The economic production lot size represents the maximum quantity of on-hand inventory for a manufacturer.

Question 13

The time between orders is given by the formula ELS/D.What is the significance of its inverse,D/ELS?

A)the number of orders per year
B)the time between consuming an order
C)the ratio of demand only to production and demand cycles
D)the ratio of the maximum inventory to the production quantity

Question 14

In an economic production lot size situation,the production rate is always ________ than the demand rate.

Question 15

In an economic production lot size situation,the producer is producing half the time if the ratio of production rate to demand rate is ________.

Question 16

Warren's Ice Cream makes 4 different flavors of ice cream using their secret process and top secret recipes.Each of their flavors is equally popular and experiences a demand of 5,000 gallons/year.Warren's process is capable of producing 100 gallons/day once they incur the $25 setup cost.The ice cream holding cost is 10% of the $5 per gallon price.Warren's plant runs 250 days a year and stays busy doing so,but management feels they can add another flavor to their product line and increase their revenue.Which of the following statements is appropriate for this scenario?

A)Warren's can comfortably add a fifth flavor without increasing the number of days they operate.
B)Warren's cannot add the fifth flavor because the holding cost would increase.
C)Warren's can add the fifth flavor only if there is zero setup time between flavors.
D)Warren's cannot add the fifth flavor because demand would exceed capacity.

Question 17

Consider a manufacturer that uses the economic production lot size (ELS)model.What must the relationship be between production rate and demand rate for the producer to realize a maximum inventory that is exactly two-thirds of their lot size?

A)p = 2d
B)p = 0.5d
C)p = 0.33d
D)p = 3d

Question 18

For analysis using the economic production lot size (ELS)model to be useful,the producer must be able to produce the item faster than it is consumed.

Question 19

A manufacturer produces aluminum cans internally rather than purchasing them and uses the economic production lot size equation to govern this process.The length of time that the aluminum can batch runs is given by the equation ________ and the time between the start of one batch of cans to the next is found by the equation ________.

Question 20

Briefly explain why the economic production lot size (ELS)is actually larger than the EOQ when there are noninstantaneous replenishments.

Question 21

A pencil supplier just introduced quantity discounts.The price schedule follows. XYZ store's annual demand remains at 350 units and ordering cost at $2 per order.If annual holding cost is 30 percent of the pencils' per-unit price,what order quantity should XYZ select to minimize all costs?

A)fewer than or equal to 150 units
B)greater than 150 units but fewer than or equal to 199 units
C)greater than 199 units but fewer than or equal to 399 units
D)greater than 399 units

Question 22

Walter White must satisfy an annual demand of 50,000 pounds per year.The setup cost for each batch is $6500 and once the setup is complete,the product may be produced at the rate of 1800 pounds per day.There is a holding cost of $15 per unit per year and the plant operates on a 350-day production year.How big should the production batch be and how long (in days)will it take to produce the batch?

Question 23

If demand exceeds the order quantity in a single period situation,then the payoff is simply the order quantity times the per unit profit.

Question 24

Why are there discontinuities (areas where the curve jumps up or down and is not smooth)in the total cost curve in the quantity discount model?

Question 25

In a one-period inventory model,the after-season sales price may be zero.

Question 26

Walter White must satisfy an annual demand of 50,000 pounds per year.The setup cost for each batch is $6500 and once the setup is complete,the product may be produced at the rate of 1800 pounds per day.There is a holding cost of $15 per unit per year and the plant operates on a 350-day production year.Determine the relevant parameters and sketch the inventory cycle through two complete cycles,labeling all lines and vertices.

Question 27

When facing quantity discounts,the EOQ found with the lowest price level is always the lowest total cost plan.

Question 28

Scenario C.2
Egan Schranz sells Klammelhoffer skis out of his store in the Alps.The store makes a $75 profit per unit sold during the ski season,but it will take a $25 loss per unit if sold after the season is over.The following discrete probability distribution has been estimated for the season's demand.

Use the information in Scenario C.2.What is the payoff with an order quantity (Q)of 80 units if the demand (D)is 60 units?

A)less than or equal to $3,000
B)greater than $3,000 but less than or equal to $4,000
C)greater than $4,000 but less than or equal to $5,000
D)greater than $5,000

Question 29

When faced with a quantity discount situation,the first EOQ should be calculated using the ________ price.

Question 30

Which one of the following statements about quantity discounts is BEST?

A)The minimum cost point on each price curve is always feasible.
B)A price break is the maximum quantity needed to get a discount.
C)If the EOQ for the lowest price is feasible,this is the best lot size.
D)Either price or quantity is sufficient for the search for the best lot size.

Question 31

As an inventory manager,you must decide on the order quantity for an item.Its annual demand is 679 units.Ordering costs are $7 each time an order is placed,and the holding cost is 10% of the unit cost.Your supplier provided the following price schedule.
What ordering-quantity policy do you recommend?

Question 32

Use of the the single-period model will maximize profit in every season.

Question 33

A production manager uses the economic lot size approach to determine the batch size for a product with an annual demand of 20,000 units per year.The setup cost for each batch is $50 and once the setup is complete,the product may be produced at the rate of 800 units per day.There is a holding cost of $2 per unit per year and the plant operates on a 250-day production year.If the machine used to produce this product is needed for another item and it takes one day to set up regardless of product,how many production days are available for production of the new item?

Question 34

As an inventory manager,you must decide on the order quantity for an item.Its annual demand is 350 units.Ordering cost is $20 each time an order is placed,and the holding cost is 30 percent of the per-unit price.Your supplier provided the following price schedule. What is the annual cost discrepancy between the optimal order policy and the second best order policy?

A)Less than $5
B)Between $5 and $10
C)Between $10 and $20
D)More than $20

Question 35

In a one-period inventory model,the more profitable the item during the sales season,the manager should place a higher order at the start of the season.

Question 36

A production manager is making a decision on batch size for a product with an annual demand of 25,000 units per year.The setup cost for each batch is $45 and once the setup is complete,the product may be produced at the rate of 650 units per day.There is a holding cost of $2 per unit per year and the plant operates on a 250-day production year.How big should the production batch be and how long (in days)will it take to produce the batch?

Question 37

In a one-period inventory model,the higher the after-season sales price,the higher the order placed at the start of the season.

Question 38

As an inventory manager,you must decide on the order quantity for an item.Its annual demand is 1,000 units.Ordering costs are $50 each time an order is placed,and the holding cost is 25 percent of the per-unit price.Your supplier provided the following price schedule.
What ordering-quantity policy do you recommend?

Question 39

Sketch the economic production lot size (ELS)graph of inventory level as a function of time and label all elements of the graph.

Question 40

The closer the in-season and after season sales price are,the lower the order placed at the start of the season.

Question 41

A newsstand is trying to determine how many bundles of newspapers to stock.For each bundle,the newsstand makes $20.However,they lose $5 per bundle if they do not sell.The following discrete probability distribution has been estimated for their daily demand.How many bundles should they stock?

Question 42

The need for one-time inventory decisions also can arise in manufacturing plants when ________ items are made to a single order and ________ are high.

Question 43

Scenario C.3
Consider an item with the following discrete demand distribution for a one-period inventory decision.
This item experiences a seasonal demand pattern.A profit of $15 per unit is made if the item is sold in season,but a loss of $10 per unit is incurred if the item is sold after the season is over.
Use the information in Scenario C.3.What is the payoff when 40 units are ordered but a demand of 50 materializes?

A)$150
B)$300
C)$450
D)$600

Question 44

A world traveler prepares to leave the comforts of home for a back to nature visit to Gilligan's Island,where all transactions are conducted in coconuts and the banking system is completely undeveloped.The traveler can buy coconuts for $2 each before the journey.If he fails to bring enough coconuts with him and runs out,he must get some coconuts flown in at a cost of $5 each.If he finishes his vacation and has leftover coconuts he can cash them in when he returns home,but will receive only $1.50 per coconut.What is his loss per unit if he overstocks on coconuts prior to leaving home?

A)$0.50
B)$1
C)$3.50
D)$4.50

Question 45

Which of these statements about the one-period model is BEST?

A)Purchasing a quantity with the highest expected payoff will result in a positive payoff regardless of the actual demand during the period.
B)The loss per unit cannot exceed the profit per unit.
C)If demand exceeds the purchased quantity then the actual payoff exceeds the expected payoff for that quantity.
D)The expected payoff for a purchase quantity is always less than the actual payoff for that quantity.

Question 46

Scenario C.3
Consider an item with the following discrete demand distribution for a one-period inventory decision.
This item experiences a seasonal demand pattern.A profit of $15 per unit is made if the item is sold in season,but a loss of $10 per unit is incurred if the item is sold after the season is over.
Use the information in Scenario C.3.What is the payoff when 40 units are ordered but a demand of 30 materializes?

A)$0
B)$100
C)$350
D)$450

Question 47

Scenario C.3
Consider an item with the following discrete demand distribution for a one-period inventory decision.
This item experiences a seasonal demand pattern.A profit of $15 per unit is made if the item is sold in season,but a loss of $10 per unit is incurred if the item is sold after the season is over.
Use the information in Scenario C.3.What is the order quantity with the highest expected payoff?

A)20 units
B)30 units
C)40 units
D)50 units

Question 48

Scenario C.2
Egan Schranz sells Klammelhoffer skis out of his store in the Alps.The store makes a $75 profit per unit sold during the ski season,but it will take a $25 loss per unit if sold after the season is over.The following discrete probability distribution has been estimated for the season's demand.

Use the information in Scenario C.2.What is the best order quantity?

A)20 units
B)40 units
C)60 units
D)80 units

Question 49

In a single period model,if the in-season demand is unexpectedly high,then the profit can be calculated as ________.

Question 50

In a single period model,if purchase quantity Q exceeds demand rate D,then the number of units sold after the season is ________.

Question 51

When do one-period decisions on inventory arise in practice?

Question 52

Explain why in any given season,the one-period decision model may result in a poor choice for a stocking level?

Question 53

Pick any three products that occupy both extremes and the midpoint of the one-period model continuum.Explain why the products occupy these positions and identify the ideal inventory model for determining the best order quantity or each.