Deck 2: Portraying Earth

Question 1

The scale of 1:63,360 is the same as one inch equals ________.

A) one foot
B) one mile
C) one furlong
D) one meter
E) one yard

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Map projections are mainly derived ________.

A) mathematically
B) from interpolation
C) from aerial reconnaissance
D) by analogy
E) by osmosis

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A disadvantage of globes compared to maps is that globes are NOT ________.

A) conformal
B) accurate
C) suitable for use in class
D) equivalent
E) as portable

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The smallest scale of the following is ________.

A) 1:100,000
B) 1:200,000
C) 1:500,000
D) 1:750,000
E) 1:900,000

Question 5

A map made to show the distribution of one or more phenomenon is a(n) ________ map.

A) conic
B) isoline
C) equivalent
D) compromise
E) thematic

Question 6

Conformal maps greatly distort ________ of continents in higher latitudes.

A) shapes
B) sizes
C) the number
D) the latitude
E) the longitude

Question 7

All map projections have this in common.

A) small scale
B) some distortion
C) equivalence
D) conformality
E) perfect portrayal of the globe

Question 8

A(n) ________ scale remains correct even if the map is enlarged or reduced when reproduced.

A) isogonic
B) large
C) graphic
D) representative fraction
E) color

Question 9

One difference between any two different map projections must always be ________.

A) scale
B) how the geographic grid is arranged
C) the number of degrees from the Equator to the North Pole
D) how accurately shapes are portrayed
E) how accurately relative sizes are portrayed

Question 10

"Scale" relates ________ to ________.

A) Earth distance, Earth distance
B) map distance, map distance
C) map distance, Earth distance
D) Earth distance, map distortion
E) map distortion, map distance

Question 11

A(n) ________ is a line joining points of equal magnetic declination.

A) contour line
B) isohyet
C) isotherm
D) isomag
E) isogonic line

Question 12

The scale of "an inch on the map represents two miles on the surface of the Earth" would be CLOSEST to which representative fraction?

A) 1:120,000
B) 1:200,000
C) 1:1,000,000
D) 1:60,000
E) 1:12

Question 13

On small scale maps, it is difficult to achieve ________.

A) a circle of tangency
B) proper scale
C) equivalency
D) pole-centered perspective
E) conformality

Question 14

The relationship between the map distance and the corresponding distance on the ground is known as the ________.

A) vector
B) azimuth
C) map quotient
D) loxodrome
E) scale

Question 15

A scale of one inch equals one mile is ________ in a representative fraction.

A) 1:10,000
B) 1:63,360
C) 1:100,000
D) 1:1,000,000
E) 1:250,000

Question 16

Most of the maps drawn on ________ projections are for an optimal portrayal of worldwide distributions.

A) equivalent
B) conformal
C) conic
D) azimuthal
E) gnomonic

Question 17

The largest scale among the following representative fractions is ________.

A) 1:100,000
B) 1:1,000,000
C) 1:24,000
D) 1:10,000
E) 1:50,000

Question 18

Every map projection consists of an orderly arrangement of ________.

A) scale
B) the geographic grid
C) legend
D) title
E) interruptions

Question 19

Which of the following map projections is is impossible to construct?

A) Mercator
B) conic
C) cylindrical
D) equivalent
E) a projection without distortion

Question 20

You wish to navigate your yacht from Europe to the United States. Which type of map projection would be most useful?

A) conic
B) Mercator
C) interrupted
D) equivalent
E) cylindrical

Question 21

If one wished to produce a map which focused on the continents and showed little of the world's oceans, then she/he should use a(n) ________ projection.

A) large scale
B) equal area
C) interrupted
D) conical
E) azimuthal

Question 22

The property of equivalence portrays accurate size although it ________.

A) bends parallels
B) renders the Poles as lines
C) stretches the circle of tangency
D) distorts shapes
E) all of the above

Question 23

A loxodrome is ________.

A) line of constant compass bearing
B) a curved line on a Mercator projection
C) the opposite of a rhumb line
D) a tracing of the exact great circle route
E) part of a sundial

Question 24

On large scale maps, equivalence and conformity can be ________.

A) simultaneously present
B) simultaneously approximated for small areas
C) disregarded if the map is of high latitudes
D) considered to be the same map property
E) any of the above

Question 25

In the Mercator projection, which piece of the Earth is portrayed ridiculously large in comparison to its actual size?

A) low-latitude locations
B) Greenland
C) Brazil
D) the continental U.S.
E) the continent of Africa

Question 26

Together, title, date, and legend on a map are known as ________.

A) marginal information
B) necessary information
C) cartographic license
D) map essentials
E) optional pieces

Question 27

Misuse of the Mercator projection is a result of ________.

A) inaccurate projection of latitude and longitude
B) the Cold War
C) the fact that it is so old
D) the curved loxodromes
E) latitudinal differences in scale

Question 28

A loxodrome is another term for ________.

A) rhumb line
B) X-ray
C) gnomon
D) thermal scanner
E) meridian

Question 29

________ is the "major dilemma" of mapmaking explained by the text.

A) Conformality versus scale
B) Scale versus equivalence
C) Equivalence versus conformality
D) Conic versus azimuthal projections
E) The inclusion of too much information on a map

Question 30

A Mercator map is constructed by projecting the grid of the globe onto a(n) ________.

A) flat surface
B) cone
C) cylinder
D) interrupted surface
E) circle

Question 31

Of the following, which is NOT considered a map essential?

A) title
B) date
C) color
D) legend
E) scale

Question 32

Which map making method would be used to minimize distortion of continents on a world map?

A) a perfectly equivalent projection
B) a large scale
C) a conic projection
D) an interrupted projection
E) a Mercator projection

Question 33

The ________ projection is probably the most famous and well-used projection for world maps.

A) global
B) large scale
C) small scale
D) Mercator
E) U.S.G.S. topographic quadrangle

Question 34

The characteristic of projections which portray accurate sizes but distort the shapes of land masses is called ________.

A) conformality
B) sinusoidal
C) equivalence
D) azimuthality
E) polyconic

Question 35

The main purpose of the interruption of projections is ________.

A) to improve portrayal of the oceans
B) to provide a stereoscopic view
C) to make maps compatible with air photos
D) to show the continents in an equal area rendition
E) to save ink during printing

Question 36

Which of the following should contain a brief summary of the map's content or purpose?

A) the title
B) the legend
C) the scale
D) the area within the map boundaries
E) the data source

Question 37

Central meridians are essential features on a(n) ________ projection.

A) perfectly conformal
B) large scale
C) small scale
D) interrupted
E) Mercator

Question 38

The most famous and most widely used of all the map projections is the ________ projection.

A) gnomonic
B) Mercator
C) polyconic
D) sinusoidal
E) Mollweide

Question 39

The explanations of symbols used on a map should be contained in ________.

A) the title
B) the scale
C) the legend
D) the space under the north arrow
E) the data source

Question 40

The original purpose of the Mercator projection was ________.

A) to produce an accurate, equal area map
B) for the guidance of intercontinental missiles
C) for ocean navigation
D) to make the first map of the world
E) to befuddle introductory physical geography students

Question 41

For the geographer, the new mapping tools like remote sensing, GPS, and GIS are best viewed as ________.

A) replacements for traditional geographic description
B) in the test mode and too expensive for most geographers to use
C) adjuncts to field study
D) aids to the study of small areas
E) too difficult for geographers to use

Question 42

A line connecting points with equal precipitation is known as an ________.

A) isoneph
B) isobar
C) isotherm
D) isogonic line
E) isohyet

Question 43

A(n) ________ map contains lines joining points of equal elevation.

A) isobar
B) contour
C) isohyet
D) isotherm
E) isogonic

Question 44

Which of the following is TRUE concerning GPS technology?

A) It appears useful but receivers are very expensive.
B) It usually cannot pinpoint locations with an accuracy greater than 1 km.
C) The GPS satellites are owned by a private corporation.
D) The technology is freely available to the public.
E) The GPS technology allows "perfect" maps to be drawn.

Question 45

A(n) ________ joins points of equal magnetic declination.

A) isotherm
B) isogonic line
C) meridian
D) parallel
E) loxodrome

Question 46

In ________ film photography, the photographic film is sensitive to wavelengths longer than visible light.

A) color infrared
B) passive microwave
C) true color
D) panchromatic
E) Landsat

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT part of a Geographic Information System?

A) collection, input, and correction of data
B) human drawing of isolines on maps
C) data storage and retrieval
D) output and reporting
E) manipulation and analysis of data layers

Question 48

Isolines have all the properties EXCEPT the following:

A) They are always closed loops.
B) They may cross each other.
C) The numerical difference between isolines are intervals.
D) Close isolines indicate a steep gradient.
E) They were first used on a map about 300 years ago.

Question 49

The global positioning system (GPS) is based on ________.

A) aerial photography
B) infrared light sources
C) data from satellites
D) large, expensive receivers
E) gravity waves from the Sun and Moon

Question 50

Geopositioning technology ________.

A) typically uses receivers larger than filing cabinets
B) has accuracies better than the best base maps
C) has never been commercially successful
D) began in the 1920s
E) is another term for the drawing of isolines

Question 51

________ is the science of obtaining reliable measurements from photographs.

A) Sonar
B) Orthophoto mapping
C) Remote sensing
D) Photogrammetry
E) Satellite imaging

Question 52

Which of the following is essential for GPS to function?

A) highly accurate clocks
B) a nearby base station on Earth's surface
C) a small radar unit
D) a GIS unit in a receiver
E) locations on land instead of ocean

Question 53

The U.S. version of GPS is dependent on triangulation using a network of ________ satellites

A) 2
B) 3
C) 5
D) 24
E) 108

Question 54

The first airborne platform for aerial photography was a(n) ________.

A) balloon
B) airplane
C) kite
D) satellite
E) lighthouse

Question 55

Which of the following is the acronym for the system of U.S. Department of Defense satellites which are used to establish exact locations on Earth?

A) GIS
B) Landsat
C) GPS
D) EOS
E) color infrared

Question 56

To construct an isoline on a map it is necessary to ________.

A) make the map both equivalent and conformal
B) note the magnetic declination
C) color it purple
D) first draw the line on a globe
E) interpolate between points of known value

Question 57

Which of the following has NOT been accomplished using geopositioning technology?

A) ocean floor mapping
B) earthquake prediction
C) natural disaster damage assessment
D) volcano monitoring
E) counting individual people in the U.S. Census

Question 58

________ is the science of taking reliable measurements from aerial photographs.

A) Cartography
B) Photogrammetry
C) Map projection
D) Multispectral scanning
E) Symap

Question 59

To represent elevation on maps, cartographers use ________, which are a form of isoline.

A) rhumb lines
B) contour lines
C) isoamplitudes
D) meters
E) isotherms

Question 60

A(n) ________ is the generic term for any map line which joins points of equal value.

A) projection
B) meridian
C) rhumb line
D) isoline
E) legend

Question 61

In terms of remote sensing, geographers ________.

A) should not stop using maps and field study
B) have shown very little interest
C) will someday identify one remote sensing type best for all purposes
D) have never used remote sensing
E) should never use remote sensing

Question 62

Unlike aerial photography, Landsat imagery is interpreted through ________.

A) remote sensing
B) numerical processing
C) a stereoscopic
D) film
E) visual analysis

Question 63

On which type of aerial imagery would a football field of artificial grass be discernible from natural grass?

A) color photography
B) black and white photography
C) color infrared photography
D) radar imagery
E) microwave imagery

Question 64

MODIS is associated with which satellite series?

A) Landsat
B) GOES
C) Space Shuttle
D) NIMBUS
E) EOS

Question 65

The type of remote sensing which penetrates clouds at night for accurate terrain representation is ________.

A) radar
B) sonar
C) passive microwave
D) thermal infrared
E) Landsat

Question 66

The major advantage of orthophotos as compared to regular vertical air photographs is that ________.

A) the view is more familiar
B) they are more generalized (less detailed)
C) distortion has been eliminated
D) they are usually classified by the government
E) shadows make identification of Earth features impossible

Question 67

Which of the following bands are NOT used by the Earth-sensing satellites mentioned in the text?

A) X-rays
B) color infrared
C) panchromatic
D) thermal infrared
E) visible red

Question 68

________ are multicolored, distortion-free photographic image maps. Displacements caused by camera tilt or differences in terrain elevations have been removed.

A) Aerial photographs
B) Vertical aerial photographs
C) Orthophoto maps
D) GIS maps
E) Mercator projections

Question 69

Aside from normal photographic film, ________ film has proven very valuable for interpretation of Earth resources from airborne cameras.

A) color infrared
B) ultraviolet
C) thermal infrared
D) X-ray
E) gamma ray

Question 70

Which remote sensing systems sense the longest wavelengths?

A) Landsat
B) color photography
C) thermal infrared imaging
D) radar
E) black and white photography

Question 71

Commercial satellites data usually ________.

A) do not employ remote sensing
B) are provided for free
C) have very high resolution data
D) are mainly concerned with photography
E) are owned by the U.S. government

Question 72

The first aerial photographs were taken ________.

A) in the middle 1800s
B) during World War II
C) during the Vietnam War
D) during the Korean War
E) in the middle 1600s

Question 73

Which of the below wavelengths have been most useful in expanding measure biomass?

A) ultraviolet
B) X-rays
C) near infrared
D) radio wavelengths
E) gamma wavelengths

Question 74

Which of the below is an active remote sensing system?

A) color infrared photography
B) Landsat
C) microwave remote sensing
D) thermal infrared imagery
E) black and white aerial photography

Question 75

Which of the following refers to an "active" remote sensing system?

A) radar
B) color infrared photography
C) GPS
D) thermal infrared imagery
E) black and white photography

Question 76

On an orthophoto map, one might expect to find ________.

A) distortion-free photographs
B) many problems with map distortion
C) sketches rather than true projections
D) cultural but not physical features
E) symbols that are difficult to read

Question 77

Which of the following is an advantage of radar over all other remote sensing techniques?

A) It can operate at high altitude.
B) It can operate at night.
C) It can operate in clear weather.
D) It can operate at wavelengths shorter than 1 micrometer.
E) It can operate without using an electrical source.

Question 78

A geometrically corrected map consisting of aerial photographs is known as a(n) ________ map.

A) projected
B) Mercator
C) orthophoto
D) color infrared
E) large-scale

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT a form of remote sensing?

A) aerial photography
B) color infrared photography
C) radar
D) thermal infrared imaging
E) measurement by thermometer

Question 80

A satellite that remains over the same spot over all the time is ________.

A) geosynchronous
B) photogrammetric
C) a "low orbiter"
D) Landsat mission
E) an impossibility