Deck 17: Career Management

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the attributes of the "new" career?

A) Discrete exchange
B) Organizational empowerment
C) Top-down approach
D) Project allegiance

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is an incorrect match of Holland's personality types and occupations?

A) artistic.....................music teacher
B) realistic....................pro baseball player
C) social........................social worker
D) enterprising...............insurance agent

Answer 2

B

Question 3

An actuarial scientist is an occupation that matches Holland's personality type.

A) conventional
B) investigative
C) realistic
D) enterprising

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Almost 40 percent of new managers fail within the first 18 months on the job because of:

A) a lack of organizational support.
B) a lack of technical training.
C) a lack of interpersonal skills.
D) a lack of knowledge of what the job will entail.

Question 5

Which of the following is not considered a conflict important to organizational entry?

A) The conflict between an organization's effort to attract candidates and an individual's choice of an organization
B) The conflict between an individual's attempt to attract several organizations and an organization's need to select the best candidate
C) The conflict between an individual's desire for several job offers and the need to make a good choice
D) The conflict between an individual and the individual's closest social group with respect to expectations regarding career opportunities

Question 6

A way of avoiding inherent conflicts between an individual and an organization regarding job choice is:

A) conflict resolution.
B) reality counseling.
C) consultation with mediators.
D) realistic job preview.

Question 7

The Dyson Foundation and Jeremy Fry Memorial Scholarship identifies potential and deserving students and Dyson mentors such students in their areas of interest. In the career stage model, Dyson is most likely to become a mentor in the .

A) withdrawal stage
B) maintenance stage
C) establishment stage
D) advancement stage

Question 8

The best way to stay employed is to:

A) choose a major that will be in high demand well into the future.
B) utilize the first six months of the socialization process to become thoroughly familiar with an organization's culture.
C) identify future stars within the organization and attempt to develop a positive relationship with them.
D) see yourself as being in business for yourself, even if you work for someone else.

Question 9

The pattern of work-related experiences that span the course of a person's life is known as:

A) a career.
B) growth.
C) a job ladder.
D) advancement.

Question 10

According to Holland, mechanic and mechanical engineer are examples of occupation.

A) artistic
B) enterprising
C) investigative
D) realistic

Question 11

Occupational excellence means:

A) continually honing skills that can be marketed across organizations.
B) forgoing technical or functional development in favor of firm-specific learning.
C) employees identifying with and focusing on what is happening in their particular firm.
D) relying on the firm to specify jobs and their associated occupational skill base.

Question 12

Discrete exchange means:

A) explicit exchange of specified rewards in return for task performance.
B) implicit trading of employee compliance in return for job security.
C) assuming employment and career opportunities are standardized by a firm.
D) leaving a mutual loyalty assumptions as a political barrier to re-negotiations.

Question 13

An assumption that drives Holland's theory is that people choose occupations based on:

A) economic reasons.
B) vocational inventory instruments.
C) what they perceive their strengths are.
D) their personality.

Question 14

The best attitude toward change in the new work environment is:

A) to develop change management skills.
B) to think of organizational change as the central focus of work and not a disruption.
C) to become a transformational leader.
D) to appreciate that there are different models of change for different types of change.

Question 15

Individual who are will NOT be successful in the new career paradigm

A) flexible
B) tolerant of ambiguity
C) energized by change
D) hierarchical

Question 16

In the context of organization choice, expectancy theory proposes that individuals choose organizations:

A) that maximize positive outcomes and avoid negative outcomes.
B) based on satisficing and optimization.
C) that they perceive treat employees in an equitable manner.
D) based on the needs that are satisfied.

Question 17

Career management includes all of the following except:

A) setting personal goals.
B) unwavering application of strategies irrespective of change.
C) developing strategies for achieving goals.
D) revising goals based on work and life experiences.

Question 18

Corporate allegiance means:

A) shared employer and employee commitment to the goal of a project.
B) financial and reputational rewards stemming from project outcomes.
C) loyalty to work group being considered more important than the project itself.
D) constant rearrangement of reporting relationships as required by the projects.

Question 19

An example of the subjective element of a career is:

A) the number of jobs in a chosen occupation.
B) a person's perception of potential in a chosen occupation.
C) a person's training to improve skills.
D) the application for and receipt of an occupational license.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of discrete exchange?

A) Explicit exchange of specified rewards in return for task performance
B) Implicit trading of employee compliance in return for job security
C) Basing rewards on the current market value of the work being performed
D) Exercising flexibility as each party's interests and market circumstances change

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT an important characteristic that defines a good mentoring relationship?

A) Mentoring should be consistent with the culture and organizational goals.
B) Both mentors and protégés should be trained in ways to manage the relationship.
C) Mentors should be accountable and rewarded for their role.
D) Mentors should have high-level positions within an organization.

Question 22

An approach to building competencies by moving laterally through different departments or different projects is a:

A) horizontal scale.
B) horizontal integration.
C) career lattice.
D) career ladder.

Question 23

Giving potential employees a realistic picture of the job they are applying for means:

A) providing prospective candidates with results of a job satisfaction survey.
B) providing value clarification services in order to ensure there is a culture fit.
C) providing both positive and negative information regarding an organization.
D) providing prospective candidates with the strengths of an organization.

Question 24

In which of the following career stages do individuals reassess their goals and feel the need to make changes in their career dreams?

A) Withdrawal
B) Maintenance
C) Advancement
D) Establishment

Question 25

All of the following are functions provided by a mentor except:

A) short-term professional development.
B) sponsorship.
C) coaching and counseling.
D) exposure and visibility.

Question 26

New hires clarify their roles in an organization during the career stage.

A) establishment
B) organizational entry
C) maintenance
D) advancement

Question 27

The expectation of most persons as they enter and experience the advancement career stage is that they will:

A) remain in the same job until the maintenance stage.
B) change jobs and employers frequently.
C) progress through a series of jobs with increasing responsibilities and challenge.
D) drop out of the workforce once or twice to go back to college to achieve an advanced degree.

Question 28

Sequences of job experiences along which employees move during their career is known as:

A) job rotation.
B) career lattice.
C) career path.
D) job enlargement.

Question 29

According to Levinson, an important personal life transition that includes beginning to separate from one's parents and becoming less emotionally and financially dependent on them occurs during the career:

A) maintenance stage.
B) advancement stage.
C) establishment stage.
D) separation stage.

Question 30

According to Levinson's life stages and career stages, middle adulthood is best associated with:

A) the establishment stage.
B) the withdrawal stage.
C) the advancement stage.
D) the apprenticeship stage.

Question 31

During the establishment stage, which of the following is NOT a noteworthy transition?

A) From school to work
B) From dependence on parents to dependence on self
C) From organizational outsider to organizational insider
D) From independent to interdependent thinking

Question 32

A mentor who tells a new employee about the power structure in the firm is providing support.

A) emotional
B) modeling
C) informational
D) evaluative

Question 33

When examining career stages, Levinson has recommended that because work and life are inseparable, you should also take into account:

A) personality characteristics.
B) motivational attributes.
C) life stages.
D) emotional traits.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT an issue that is important to the advancement stage of the career stage model?

A) Finding a mentor
B) Managing conflict between work and personal life
C) Working out dual-career partnerships
D) Life satisfaction

Question 35

An implicit agreement between an individual and an organization that specifies what each is expected to give and receive in the relationship is known as a(n):

A) employment contract.
B) work agreement.
C) psychological contract.
D) application statement.

Question 36

A person who most typically provides evaluative feedback to a new employee is:

A) a mentor.
B) a nonsupervisory coworker.
C) a higher-level manager.
D) an immediate superior.

Question 37

Which of the following types of support does the aspect of psychological contracting concerned with empathy, caring, and esteem provide for a newcomer?

A) Informational
B) Emotional
C) Modeling
D) Evaluative

Question 38

Which of the following would be INCORRECT concerning the four-stage career model?

A) The establishment stage could be only a few (2 or 3) years to 20 years.
B) Withdrawal could occur as early as 50 years of age.
C) The four stages are mutually exclusive and have no effect on each other.
D) A significant career change could cycle a person from advancement back to establishment.

Question 39

In the context of career stage model, a person's most significant career achievements are most likely to occur in the _____.

A) establishment stage
B) apprenticeship stage
C) advancement stage
D) maintenance stage

Question 40

During the early period of organizational entry and initial job placement, the primary stressor is .

A) ambiguity
B) feedback
C) role conflict
D) networking

Question 41

The most common work-home conflict develops because of:

A) lack of transportation facilities for employees working overtime.
B) illness of a family member.
C) child's educational requirements.
D) lack of job progression opportunities for one of the partners.

Question 42

An essential activity of the withdrawal career stage is:

A) mentoring.
B) careful planning.
C) consulting.
D) job training.

Question 43

Freedom is the key to which of the following career anchors?

A) Stability
B) Functional competence
C) Creativity
D) Autonomy

Question 44

A mentor provides all of the following career functions except:

A) sponsorship.
B) coaching.
C) maintenance.
D) protection.

Question 45

Midlife transition occurs late in the advancement stage or early in the maintenance stage and includes all of the following except:

A) the realization that life may be half over and they are mortal.
B) that age forty is considered by people in their twenties and thirties to be over-the-hill and not part of the youthful culture.
C) the tendency for dreams to be reevaluated and a determination made as to how close they have come to achieving those dreams.
D) the concern that the aging of one's children tends to result in their leaving home for school or work and the onset of a grieving process.

Question 46

A common experience, or phenomenon, during the maintenance stage is:

A) lowered job performance and termination.
B) demotion and downgrade job changes.
C) transition to nonsupervisory positions.
D) reduced probability of moving up the hierarchy.

Question 47

Someone with security/stability as a career anchor would prefer to work as a(n):

A) government employee.
B) commercial airline pilot.
C) entrepreneur.
D) salesperson.

Question 48

Flextime, compressed workweeks, work-at-home arrangements, part-time hours, job sharing, and leave options are all considered:

A) to be expensive but necessary in today's working environment.
B) to be time savers because they allow employees to spend more time at work.
C) alternative work arrangements necessary to manage work-home conflicts.
D) initiatives directed more toward women than men to attract them to the job market.

Question 49

In which of the following career stages are work-home conflicts typically first encountered?

A) Advancement
B) Withdrawal
C) Maintenance
D) Establishment

Question 50

A network group is:

A) an information system designed to provide career counseling during the advancement stage.
B) a human resource system utilized in the recruitment of minorities.
C) used to facilitate mentoring of minorities and build social support.
D) used to facilitate the transition from the withdrawal stage of career development into retirement.

Question 51

All of the following are considered keys to the success of a formal mentoring program except:

A) voluntary participation.
B) training provided to mentors.
C) high EQ scores of mentors.
D) graceful exit for mismatches.

Question 52

All of the following are stages of a mentoring relationship except:

A) initiation.
B) cultivation.
C) redefinition.
D) erudition.

Question 53

A relatively new source of work-home conflict is:

A) need for childcare.
B) lack of transportation.
C) neighborhood crime.
D) need for eldercare.

Question 54

Which of the following is the phase that comes after a successful separation phase?

A) Cultivation
B) Independence
C) Redefinition
D) Erudition

Question 55

Sustaining performance and becoming a mentor are two issues individuals need to address during the:

A) maintenance stage.
B) advancement stage.
C) withdrawal stage.
D) establishment stage.

Question 56

phase is likely to be difficult if resisted by either the mentor or the protégé.

A) Initiation
B) Cultivation
C) Separation
D) Redefinition

Question 57

An appropriate occupation/job for a person with a technical/functional competence anchor is:

A) machine operator.
B) accountant.
C) data entry clerk.
D) assembly line worker.

Question 58

Self-perceived talents, motives, and values that guide an individual's career decisions are called:

A) visions.
B) life goals.
C) career anchors.
D) career paths.

Question 59

An important issue for someone in the maintenance career stage is:

A) career regression.
B) sustaining performance.
C) finding a career anchor.
D) retirement.

Question 60

According to the career research of Edgar Schein, career anchors are:

A) objective assessments of one's abilities.
B) determined by one's childhood and family background.
C) changing as one moves through the four-stage career model.
D) useful in finding a match between an individual and an organization.

Question 61

In Holland's occupational choice research, persons with enterprising personalities are analytical, curious, and independent.

Question 62

Enterprising is one of Holland's six types of personalities characterized by a set of interests and values.

Question 63

The time of the fast track to the top of the hierarchical organization is past.

Question 64

It would not be premature to state that the old career paradigm is dead.

Question 65

Project allegiance means that when an organization gains productivity while a person gains work experience that renegotiation of the relationship must occur.

Question 66

An intentional and purposeful commitment to taking charge of your professional life will be necessary in managing the new career.

Question 67

A recent research study that focused on ethnographic data (interviews and stories) conducted among three European firms and two U.S. firms found that software engineers still had more respect for immediate supervision and their organizations than for occupational excellence.

Question 68

Career management is a lifelong process of learning about self, jobs, and organizations; setting personal career goals; developing strategies for achieving the goals; and revising the goals based on work and life experiences.

Question 69

An ethical foundation can help an individual withstand pressures that might endanger their career.

Question 70

Holland's typology has been used to classify occupational types and occupations but the typology has not been used to predict career choices of international participants.

Question 71

Traditional recruiting practices always produce realistically high expectations.

Question 72

A new career is characterized by discrete exchange, occupational excellence, organizational empowerment, and project allegiance.

Question 73

Almost 40 percent of new managers fail within the first eighteen months on the job.

Question 74

While obtaining a realistic job preview, candidates must seek information both about organizational rewards and employee contribution.

Question 75

The best way to stay employed is to see yourself as being in business for yourself, even if you work for someone else.

Question 76

To be successful one needs to think of change only as a disruption to one's work that needs to be focused on when
it occurs.

Question 77

Occupational excellence means continually honing skills that can be marketed across organizations.

Question 78

Under the concept of the new career paradigm, project allegiance has replaced organizational allegiance.

Question 79

According to the expectancy theory, individuals choose organizations that maximize positive outcomes and avoid negative outcomes.

Question 80

The people who will be most successful in the new career paradigm are individuals who are energized by change and tolerant of ambiguity.