Deck 4: Socialization: Becoming Human and Humane

Question 1

Socialization takes place:

A) In utero
B) In infancy
C) During childhood
D) Throughout the life course

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The statement, "Decisions are made based on genetic drives to continue the species" is most closely related to:

A) Structural-functional theory
B) Conflict theory
C) Symbolic interaction theory
D) Sociobiological theory

Answer 2

D

Question 3

________________ refers to the perceptions we have of who we are.

A) Socialization
B) Interaction
C) The social self
D) Role-taking

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Willy was unsure whether he should ask his friend Susan to help him host a party. He decided, "Susan loves throwing parties so she would probably like helping me out with this one." Willy is:

A) Self-actualizing
B) Role-taking
C) Reactionizing
D) Interacting

Question 5

Carol is examining women who work for a major corporation. She hypothesizes that the women will have difficulty meeting the expectations of the corporation while still trying to live up to what is expected of them as wives and mothers. Which theoretical perspective is she most likely using?

A) Ecological
B) Conflict
C) Symbolic interactionist
D) Sociobiological

Question 6

Which of the following is a meso-level socialization activity?

A) Attending a religious study group of the Koran or the Bible
B) "Playing house" with a small group of friends
C) Watching a nationally syndicated TV advertisement for luxury cars
D) Attending a national religious conference with people from other states

Question 7

Imagining oneself from the point of view of the other is called:

A) Socialization
B) Interaction
C) Social self
D) Role-taking

Question 8

A theory that attempts to explain complex social behavior with a single explanation is a(n):

A) Reductionist theory
B) Deductionist theory
C) Inductionist theory
D) Interactionist theory

Question 9

According to the text, sociobiologists believe social behavior (e.g., fighting wars, protecting children, building fences) occurs in order to:

A) Express control over those who have less power
B) Increase survival odds for future generations
C) Perpetuate the male-dominated society
D) Return to our animal roots

Question 10

Part of you wants to get up right now, tear up this test, leave, and go get some pizza. The other part of you will keep trudging through because you want a good grade and want to graduate from college. The first part of you is the ______________ and the second part of you is the _________________.

A) I, Me
B) Me, I
C) both parts are the I
D) both parts are the Me

Question 11

In response to the question "What is more important-nature or nurture?" sociologists tend to respond:

A) Nature
B) Nurture
C) A combination of nature and nurture
D) Depends upon the culture the person is from

Question 12

The lifelong process of learning to become a member of the social world is called:

A) Socialization
B) Interaction
C) Socializing
D) Role-taking

Question 13

The statement, "Those who have power use socialization to manipulate others into supporting the power structure and interests of the elite" is most closely related to:

A) Structural-functional theory
B) Conflict theory
C) Symbolic interaction theory
D) Sociobiological theory

Question 14

A child who can play "mommy" but who cannot play baseball is in what stage of George Herbert Mead's social development?

A) Game
B) Play
C) Role confusion
D) Generalized other

Question 15

The basic building block of socialization through which a child becomes shaped into a human being, learns its culture, and becomes a member of a society is:

A) The process of socialization
B) The process of interaction
C) Development of the social self
D) Being involved in role-taking

Question 16

Which of the following is a micro-level socialization activity?

A) Reading a religious text (e.g., the Koran, the Bible)
B) "Playing house" with a small group of friends
C) Watching a nationally syndicated TV advertisement for luxury cars
D) None of the above

Question 17

The statement, "Different levels of socializing agents operate to support each other" is most closely related to:

A) Structural-functional theory
B) Conflict theory
C) Symbolic interaction theory
D) Sociobiological theory

Question 18

Which of the following do most sociologists see as a uniquely human characteristic?

A) Ability to feel pain
B) Ability to communicate
C) Ability to use symbols
D) Sense of self

Question 19

When trying to explain the assertion that women want to get married more than men do, Ed responded: "It is because women have an instinct to ensure that they have a male partner to provide for their children, therefore ensuring that their kids will be able to survive to adulthood and have children of their own." Ed is most likely a:

A) Feminist
B) Sociobiologist
C) Political scientist
D) Symbolic reductionist

Question 20

Bob told his boss that he deserves a 40% raise because he helped the company get a big contract. When he finished speaking, Bob observed his boss frowning. Bob then said, "Even a 10% raise would be fine!" Bob offered to take a lower raise because he used:

A) The "I"
B) Reductionism
C) The looking-glass self
D) The play stage

Question 21

According to the Iowa School, the reason some very religious people are fighting so hard to prevent same-sex marriage from becoming legal is because:

A) They do not understand the fact that homosexuality is genetic.
B) Their religious beliefs are central to their core selves.
C) They have not advanced to the game stage.
D) They do not understand the symbolic meaning of marriage.

Question 22

Peers are what type of agents of socialization?

A) Micro level
B) Meso level
C) Macro level
D) Meta level

Question 23

Jane recently became embarrassed for using a four-letter word in front of a group of Catholic nuns. Mead would argue that her embarrassment illustrates the internalization of:

A) The looking-glass self
B) The generalized other
C) Particular others
D) None of the above

Question 24

Studies of isolated children provide evidence that just meeting the basic necessities of children is not enough to help them develop normally.

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of a negative sanction?

A) A smile
B) A cookie
C) A verbal reprimand
D) A pat on the back

Question 26

At the micro level, most parents teach children proper behaviors.

Question 27

Children learn their culture by interacting with others.

Question 28

Socialization is not always necessary for human beings.

Question 29

Social class is what type of agent of socialization?

A) Micro level
B) Meso level
C) Macro level
D) Meta level

Question 30

Parents and teachers can best be described as:

A) Informal agents of socialization
B) Formal agents of socialization
C) Generalized others
D) Disciplinary agents of socialization

Question 31

To be in the game stage, a child has to be able to:

A) Take on roles of people the child knows
B) Play complex games such as baseball
C) Understand the interdependence of multiple roles
D) All of the above

Question 32

When asked to list who he "is," Philip writes, "I am a Black male; I am a father; I am a husband; I am a good worker." These things compose Philip's:

A) Social structure
B) Environment
C) Core self
D) Both b and c

Question 33

Disney movies, such as Cinderella or Snow White, can best be described as:

A) Formal agents of socialization
B) Informal agents of socialization
C) Movies that can lead to violent behavior
D) Micro-level agents of socialization

Question 34

The process of abandoning one or more social positions for others that are more suitable for a newly acquired status can best be described as:

A) Resocialization
B) Total socialization
C) Relinquishing status
D) Master status acquisition

Question 35

As a child develops, the primary agent of socialization changes from the family to the child's:

A) College professors
B) Television preferences
C) Music preferences
D) Friends

Question 36

_______________________ involves an individual or a family with a national loyalty to more than one country.

A) Multiculturalism
B) Plural heritage
C) Transnationalism
D) Dual nationality

Question 37

Most sociologists believe that sociobiology and evolutionary psychology thoroughly answer the nurture versus nature dilemma.

Question 38

People who are very important to us and who we have sustained interactions with are known as:

A) Social instructors
B) Role takers
C) Generalized others
D) Significant others

Question 39

Generally speaking, the more intelligent the species, the shorter the period of gestation and dependence on others.

Question 40

Which of the following is not a rite of passage?

A) Turning 21 years old
B) Starting one's first job
C) Graduating from college
D) Networking with friends

Question 41

The concept of a core self refers to a stable inner sense of who we are.

Question 42

Retirement is a rite of passage.

Question 43

The me attempts to ignore the needs of the I.

Question 44

According to the text, humans are born with a sense of self.

Question 45

Erving Goffman is predominantly linked to dramaturgy.

Question 46

Becoming a parent is a resocializing experience.

Question 47

Formal agents do not have the explicit goal of socialization.

Question 48

The media, books, and the Internet are considered formal agents of socialization.

Question 49

Through role-taking, people begin to see who they are from the standpoint of others.

Question 50

Resocialization involves learning one's roles in more depth.

Question 51

Once an older person retires, the individual no longer undergoes socialization and resocialization.

Question 52

Television and computers are important formal agents in today's socialization process in Global North countries.

Question 53

Functional theorists believe that those who have power and privilege use socialization to manipulate individuals in the social world.

Question 54

According to Mead, the critical states in development are the primary and secondary stages.

Question 55

The generalized other is composed only of those people that an individual knows personally.

Question 56

The looking-glass self refers primarily to an individual's feelings of self-worth.

Question 57

Widowhood and prison rehabilitation programs are both sources of resocialization.

Question 58

Agents of socialization are the mechanism by which the self learns the values, beliefs, and behaviors of the culture.

Question 59

Most sociologists believe all mammals use symbols to communicate.

Question 60

Currently, the Netherlands permits the practice of physician-assisted suicide.

Question 61

Between the ages of 8 and 18, children in the United States spend an average of more than 8 hours a day being exposed to media.

Question 62

Social class has an impact on socialization.

Question 63

What is the looking-glass self? Describe a time when you personally encountered the looking-glass self and how it changed your behavior.

Question 64

What is sociobiology and what role does it play in the nature vs. nurture debate? How do most sociologists feel about this argument?

Question 65

What is transnationalism? What is life like for individuals experiencing transnationalism? Provide examples.

Question 66

According to Mead, what happens during the game stage? Provide an example.

Question 67

Social class is defined as the wealth, power, and prestige rankings that people have in society.

Question 68

Define a rite of passage. Describe the rites of passage for at least two different stages of life.

Question 69

List and briefly discuss two meso-level agents of socialization.

Question 70

Based on what you know about Anna and Isabelle, girls who experienced extreme isolation, what do they tell us about the significance of socialization?

Question 71

Transnationalism is when individuals move from one area of the country to another.

Question 72

Children ages 8 to 18 spend more than 8 hours a day watching TV, playing video games, or using some other form of electronic media.

Question 73

According to some studies, birth order is a better predictor of social attitudes than race, class, or gender.

Question 74

The Japanese tradition of amae is described as an emotional relationship between father and daughter.

Question 75

Rewards for desirable behavior are a form of sanctions.

Question 76

Compare and contrast formal and informal agents of socialization. Provide one example of each.

Question 77

Name and briefly discuss the main result or "product" of the socialization process.

Question 78

Formal agents of socialization usually have official or legal responsibility for instructing individuals.

Question 79

What is the core self? Why would the Iowa School argue that people have a vested interest in making sure that those organizations that are important to the core self persist?

Question 80

Compare and contrast structural-functionalist and conflict perspective of socialization.