Deck 11: Planning Your Career Online

Question 1

Professionals with a master's degree and specialized training who usually provide therapy regarding common family and personal problems are called _____.

A) counseling psychologists
B) psychiatric social workers
C) licensed professional counselors
D) psychoanalysts

Answer 1

B

Question 2

After telling his psychoanalyst about his relationship with his ex-wife for a few minutes, Jerome suddenly changes the subject. Jerome is exhibiting:

A) resistance.
B) transference.
C) a latent conflict.
D) projection.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The underlying meaning of a dream is called its _____ content.

A) latent
B) philological
C) semiotic
D) manifest

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following approaches to psychotherapy is correctly matched with its description?

A) Psychodynamic approach-Treatment aims to change maladaptive thinking patterns.
B) Behavioral approach-Classical and operant conditioning principles are used to change people's behavior.
C) Psychoanalysis approach-Treatment aims to change a patient's dysfunctional cognitions about the world.
D) Humanistic approach-Therapy aims to bring unconscious conflicts and impulses into the conscious.

Question 5

The goal of _____, which was developed by Freud, is to release hidden unconscious thoughts and feelings in order to reduce their power in controlling behavior.

A) psychoanalysis
B) transactional analysis
C) meta-analysis
D) microarray analysis

Question 6

_____ are professionals with a PhD or PsyD who have also completed a postgraduate internship. They specialize in assessment and treatment of psychological difficulties.

A) Psychoanalysts
B) Psychiatrists
C) Psychiatric social workers
D) Clinical psychologists

Question 7

Despite being criticized, why has psychodynamic therapy remained a viable approach to psychological treatment?

A) It facilitates the development of deep insight into one's life.
B) It is brief and inexpensive.
C) It is more objective than most other forms of therapy.
D) It does not differentiate between articulate and less verbal patients.

Question 8

_____ is a form of therapy that reduces the frequency of undesired behavior by pairing an unpleasant stimulus with undesired behavior.

A) Systematic desensitization
B) Aversive conditioning
C) Manifest structuring
D) Exposure treatment

Question 9

Which of the following statements best expresses the relationship between psychoanalysis and psychotherapy?

A) Psychoanalysis is limited to only dream analysis.
B) Psychotherapy is one type of psychoanalysis.
C) Psychoanalysis is one type of psychotherapy.
D) The two are unrelated.

Question 10

_____ is an inability or unwillingness to discuss or reveal particular memories, thoughts, or motivations.

A) Resistance
B) Transference
C) Dissociation
D) Projection

Question 11

According to a behavior therapist, how might psychological disorders be treated most effectively?

A) The client should learn new behaviors to replace the faulty skills.
B) Patients should say aloud whatever comes to mind.
C) Unconscious conflicts should be brought to light.
D) Neurotransmitter irregularities should be rectified through drugs.

Question 12

What is transference?

A) The transfer of a learned response from one task to another similar task
B) The transfer of irrational cognitions to the self
C) The transfer of strong feelings about parents or authority figures to a psychoanalyst
D) A behavioral technique invented to facilitate the transfer of learned behaviors to the outside world

Question 13

The most common defense mechanism against unacceptable unconscious impulses is _____.

A) dissociation
B) projection
C) reaction formation
D) repression

Question 14

_____ therapy seeks to bring unresolved past conflicts and unacceptable impulses from the unconscious into the conscious, where patients may deal with the problems more effectively.

A) Cognitive
B) Psychodynamic
C) Behavioral
D) Humanistic

Question 15

Dr. Andersen attempts to bring about personal growth by using psychological techniques; Dr. Bradley attempts to improve psychological functioning through the use of psychotropic drugs. Dr. Andersen practices _____, and Dr. Bradley practices _____.

A) psychotherapy; psychoanalysis
B) psychotherapy; biomedical therapy
C) psychoanalysis; biotherapy
D) physiotherapy; psychotherapy

Question 16

_____ are professionals with a PhD or who typically treat day-to-day adjustment problems, often in a university mental health clinic.

A) Counseling psychologists
B) Psychiatrists
C) Licensed professional counselors
D) Psychoanalysts

Question 17

Professionals with a master's degree who provide therapy to individuals, couples, and families and who hold a national or state certification are called _____.

A) counseling psychologists
B) psychiatrists
C) licensed professional counselors
D) psychoanalysts

Question 18

Noah dreams that he suddenly becomes paralyzed as he tries to cross a busy intersection. In Freudian terms, this is the _____ content of Noah's dream. The underlying meaning of the dream is the _____ content.

A) manifest; repressed
B) manifest; latent
C) repressed; manifest
D) repressed; latent

Question 19

The surface description of a dream is called its _____ content.

A) latent
B) philological
C) semiotic
D) manifest

Question 20

Which of the following is a way in which contemporary psychodynamic therapy differs from classic psychoanalysis?

A) Contemporary psychodynamic therapy generally lasts longer than classic psychoanalysis.
B) Today, psychoanalysis takes a less directive role than was the case in the past.
C) Classic psychoanalysts concentrated more on an individual's current relationships and specific complaints than contemporary therapists.
D) Contemporary therapists put less emphasis on a patient's past history and childhood than classic psychoanalysts.

Question 21

According to humanistic therapists, psychological disorders result from:

A) the inability to find meaning in life and connection to others.
B) unconscious conflicts and early experiences.
C) irrational thought patterns.
D) faulty learning.

Question 22

_____ treatment approaches teach people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional notions about the world and themselves.

A) Cognitive
B) Psychodynamic
C) Behavioral
D) Humanistic

Question 23

Which of the following statements is false regarding behavior therapy?

A) It is especially effective in the treatment of anxiety disorders.
B) It can produce actual changes in the functioning of the brain.
C) It is actually based mainly on psychoanalytic ideas.
D) It has no problem other than the maladaptive behavior itself.

Question 24

In _____, the therapist and client (or teacher and student or parent and child) draw up a written agreement.

A) the token system
B) contingency contracting
C) observational learning
D) the appraisal technique

Question 25

In _____ appraisal, clients are asked to evaluate situations, themselves, and others in terms of their memories, values, beliefs, thoughts, and expectations.

A) cognitive
B) psychodynamic
C) behavioral
D) humanistic

Question 26

How might one best respond to the charge that behavior therapy produces only a superficial change in external behavior?

A) Research shows that behavior therapies produce the same sorts of insights into one's life that one associates with psychoanalytic and humanistic therapies.
B) Neuroscientific evidence shows that behavioral treatments produce actual changes in the functioning of the brain.
C) External behavior is a result of internal functions.
D) Research shows that behavior therapies and cognitive therapies are fundamentally the same.

Question 27

_____ therapy is therapy in which the underlying rationale is that people have control of their behavior, can make choices about their lives, and are essentially responsible for solving their own problems.

A) Cognitive
B) Psychodynamic
C) Behavioral
D) Humanistic

Question 28

Characteristics of cognitive treatment approaches include each of the following EXCEPT that:

A) they are relatively short term.
B) they focus on concrete problems.
C) they involve an active therapist.
D) they are not structured.

Question 29

_____ evidence shows that behavioral treatments can produce actual changes in brain functioning, suggesting that behavioral treatments can produce changes beyond external behavior.

A) Neuroscientific
B) Psychodynamic
C) Cognitive
D) Hearsay

Question 30

How is cognitive therapy different from rational-emotive therapy?

A) It entails a more confrontational therapist.
B) It entails a less confrontational therapist.
C) It is relatively long term and loosely structured.
D) It aims to change people's behavior, rather than their thought pattern.

Question 31

_____ is a behavioral treatment for anxiety in which people are confronted either suddenly or gradually with a stimulus that they fear.

A) Aversive conditioning
B) Systematic desensitization
C) Transference
D) Flooding

Question 32

_____ is a behavioral technique in which gradual exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus is paired with relaxation to extinguish the response of anxiety.

A) Systematic desensitization
B) Aversive conditioning
C) Manifest structuring
D) Exposure treatment

Question 33

_____ rewards a person for desired behavior with a poker chip or some kind of play money.

A) The token system
B) Contingency contracting
C) Observational learning
D) The appraisal technique

Question 34

_____ is the process in which the behavior of other people is modeled to systematically teach people new skills and ways of handling their fears and anxieties.

A) Token systematization
B) Contingency contracting
C) Observational learning
D) Exposure therapy

Question 35

How do flooding treatments differ from systematic desensitization?

A) Flooding treatments use a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking stimuli; systematic desensitization does not.
B) Flooding treatment gauges neurotic symptoms; systematic desensitization does not.
C) Flooding treatment does not use learned relaxation techniques; systematic desensitization does.
D) Flooding treatment is a very complicated form of therapy; systematic desensitization is not.

Question 36

A hierarchy of fears may be used in:

A) aversive conditioning.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) transference.
D) manifest structuring.

Question 37

Giovanni abuses cocaine; Hans has a dog phobia. Which alternative below correctly identifies the behavioral treatment most appropriate for each of these individuals?

A) Giovanni-aversive conditioning; Hans-exposure treatment
B) Giovanni-systematic desensitization; Hans-exposure treatment
C) Giovanni-aversive conditioning; Hans-systematic desensitization
D) Giovanni-exposure treatment; Hans-aversive conditioning

Question 38

_____ approach is a treatment approach that incorporates basic principles of learning to change the way people think.

A) Psychodynamic-cognitive
B) Humanistic-behavioral
C) Cognitive-behavioral
D) Psychodynamic-humanistic

Question 39

Which of the following therapies emphasizes on challenging irrational, unrealistic beliefs?

A) Multi-modal therapy
B) Rational-emotive behavior therapy
C) Dialectical-behavior therapy
D) Prolonged-exposure therapy

Question 40

A client with social anxiety watches a film in which an individual greets strangers in a crowded room, makes small talk, and smiles pleasantly. The individual in the film appears to gain pleasure from these activities. The behavior therapy technique used in this scenario is:

A) token systematization.
B) contingency contracting.
C) observational learning.
D) aversive conditioning.

Question 41

What proportion of people fail to benefit from psychotherapy?

A) 2%
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 25%

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT among the neurotransmitters that are influenced by the various antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs?

A) Endorphin
B) Norepinephrine
C) Serotonin
D) Dopamine

Question 43

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is an example of _____ therapy.

A) client-centered
B) self-help
C) person-centered
D) interpersonal

Question 44

The newest antipsychotics are called _____ antipsychotics.

A) depot
B) atypical
C) tricyclic
D) typical

Question 45

Tricyclic drugs, MAO inhibitors, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are examples of which class of drugs?

A) Antipsychotics
B) Mood stabilizers
C) Antianxiety drugs
D) Antidepressants

Question 46

Therapy in which the goal is to reach one's potential for self-actualization is known as _____ therapy.

A) self-help
B) person-centered
C) interpersonal
D) group

Question 47

Which of the following terms most nearly captures the essence of unconditional positive regard?

A) Directional
B) Empathetic
C) Judgmental
D) Challenging

Question 48

Prozac is an example of a(n) _____.

A) antipsychotic drug
B) antidepressant drug
C) mood stabilizer
D) antianxiety drug

Question 49

Which of the following statements is most true?

A) Different forms of therapy work best in different situations.
B) People who don't attend therapy do just as well as people who do.
C) The effectiveness of the different treatments is the same in all cases.
D) Psychotherapy can safely be said to be beneficial for everyone.

Question 50

Atypical antipsychotics affect both _____ and _____ levels in certain parts of the brain.

A) serotonin; dopamine
B) prolactin; histamine
C) epinephrine; GABA
D) oxytocin; glycine

Question 51

Person-centered therapy is a specific type of _____ therapy.

A) cognitive
B) psychodynamic
C) behavioral
D) humanistic

Question 52

Therapy in which people meet collectively with a therapist to discuss problems is specifically known as _____ therapy.

A) client-centered
B) person-centered
C) interpersonal
D) group

Question 53

_____ approaches to psychotherapy tend to be more successful than _____ approaches.

A) Psychodynamic and humanistic; behavioral cognitive
B) Cognitive behavioral; psychodynamic
C) Cognitive and humanistic; behavioral and psychodynamic
D) Behavioral and client-centered; cognitive and psychodynamic

Question 54

_____ therapy refers to short-term therapy that focuses on the context of current social relationships.

A) Self-help
B) Person-centered
C) Interpersonal
D) Group

Question 55

Interpersonal therapy derives from _____ approaches to therapy, but it is _____ directive.

A) psychodynamic; shorter and more
B) psychodynamic; longer and less
C) humanistic; shorter and more
D) humanistic; longer and less

Question 56

A research technique in which data from a large number of studies are statistically combined is known as:

A) matrix analysis.
B) factor analysis.
C) meta-analysis.
D) correlational analysis.

Question 57

Which of the following statements is true regarding group therapy?

A) Group therapy is generally more economical than individual therapy.
B) In group therapy, the therapist is usually highly directive.
C) Shy individuals benefit more from group therapy than do assertive people.
D) Group therapies are for shorter durations than individual therapies.

Question 58

Family therapy practitioners believe each of the following statements EXCEPT:

A) individual members of a family may be treated successfully in isolation.
B) the family is a single unit to which each member contributes.
C) an individual member of the family can't be treated successfully without simultaneously involving other family members.
D) family members tend to take on set roles with respect to each other.

Question 59

The effectiveness of various approaches to therapy found that although success rates vary somewhat by treatment form, most treatments show that success rates range from about _____ percent greater success for treated compared with untreated individuals.

A) 15 to 20
B) 25 to 30
C) 70 to 85
D) 90 to 95

Question 60

In person-centered therapy, the therapist:

A) challenges the client's irrational statements.
B) teaches the client cognitive appraisal techniques.
C) uses the token system to monitor behavior.
D) provides unconditional positive regard.

Question 61

Bryan is feeling angry with his therapist; Bryan's anger reflects his feelings toward his father when he was a young boy in the throes of the Oedipal conflict. This example illustrates .

Question 62

Which drug class is correctly matched with a drug that represents it?

A) Antidepressants-lithium
B) Antipsychotics-chlorpromazine
C) Mood stabilizers-Xanax
D) Antianxiety drugs-Prozac

Question 63

Client-centered therapists should communicate that not only are they caring and nonjudgmental but also ; that is, they should reflect a genuine understanding of the client's emotional experience.

Question 64

Which of the following is a criticism of biomedical therapies?

A) They do not work well in conjunction with other therapies.
B) They are ineffective in curing violent patients.
C) They do not solve common mental disorders such as depression or bipolar disorder.
D) They merely provide relief of the symptoms of mental disorders.

Question 65

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was introduced in the _____; it is used to treat severe _____.

A) 1930s; depression
B) 1930s; anxiety
C) 1950s; depression
D) 1950s; anxiety

Question 66

Which drug class is matched with the correct neurotransmitter action?

A) Mood stabilizers-increase norepinephrine activity
B) Antipsychotics-block dopamine receptors
C) Antidepressants-increase activity of GABA
D) Antianxiety drugs-inhibit serotonin reuptake

Question 67

Drugs that reduce the level of worry or tension a person experiences by essentially reducing excitability and increasing feelings of well-being are known as _____.

A) mood stabilizers
B) antianxiety drugs
C) antipsychotic drugs
D) antidepressant drugs

Question 68

Approximately what percentage of U.S. families have a member who has taken an antianxiety drug?

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 35%
D) 50%

Question 69

A newer form of psychosurgery called cingulotomy is used in cases of:

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) major depression.
D) schizophrenia.

Question 70

Which type of antidepressant is matched with the correct neurotransmitter action?

A) Tricyclics-increase activity of neurotransmitter GABA
B) SSRIs-prevent neurotransmitter breakdown
C) MAO inhibitors-increase norepinephrine
D) SSRIs-inhibit reuptake of serotonin

Question 71

Community psychology came of age in the _____; its aim was to minimize psychological disorders.

A) 1960s
B) 1970s
C) 1980s
D) 1990s

Question 72

Radiation is used to destroy specific brain areas in a type of psychosurgery called _____; it is used to treat _____.

A) transcranial magnetic stimulation; obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) transcranial magnetic stimulation; major depression
C) Gamma Knife surgery; obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) Gamma Knife surgery; major depression

Question 73

Which of the following statements regarding gene therapy is true?

A) It is still an experimental therapy.
B) It is a well-established therapy.
C) It relies on the extraction of specific genes from the brain.
D) It relies on the extraction of specific genes from all over the body.

Question 74

Which of the following is true of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)?

A) It uses an electrical current.
B) It is still experimental.
C) It is not as popular as it used to be.
D) It does not have any side effects.

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT one of the negative consequences of the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

A) Disorientation and confusion
B) Memory loss
C) Sudden death
D) Potential brain damage

Question 76

Adrienne is describing a dream to her therapist. The events she recounts constitute the content of her dream.

Question 77

In the _____, surgeons performed prefrontal lobotomy on thousands of patients often with little precision.

A) 1920s and 1930s
B) 1930s and 1940s
C) 1940s and 1950s
D) 1950s and 1960s

Question 78

Cathy visits a behavior therapist for help with her alcohol abuse. To treat Cathy's problem, the therapist will most likely use conditioning.

Question 79

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is used to treat:

A) depression.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 80

Which of the following best represents the percentage of homeless adults who have a major psychological disorder?

A) 5-10%
B) 15-35%
C) 75-85%
D) 50-60%