Deck 8: Expanding Social Horizons

Question 1

According to the Vanier Institute of the Family (2010), what percentage of children who are in out-of-home care are Aboriginal?

A) 10-20 percent
B) 20-30 percent
C) 30-40 percent
D) 40-50 percent

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which pair of siblings is most likely to get along very well?

A) William (a boy) and Beth (a girl)
B) Mary (a girl who is temperamentally emotional) and Lisa (who is not temperamentally emotional)
C) Ruth (a girl) and Greta (a girl)
D) Sam (a boy who is temperamentally emotional) and Trevor (who is also temperamentally emotional)

Answer 2

C

Question 3

How do only children differ from children with siblings?

A) They are more likely to be introverted.
B) They are more selfish.
C) They are more immature.
D) They have more success in school.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following adult children is likely a product of divorced parents?

A) Kerri, who has her own happy family
B) Nathan, who is an alcoholic
C) Gary, who is divorced himself
D) Bradford, who is a depressed drug addict

Question 5

Junior is learning the values, behaviours, and roles of his culture. What is Junior experiencing?

A) time-out
B) counterimitation
C) authoritative parenting
D) socialization

Question 6

What happens to the sibling relationship as the siblings get older?

A) It improves as the youngest approaches adolescence.
B) It deteriorates as the youngest approaches adolescence.
C) Younger siblings generally report their siblings to be more like parental figures.
D) Age does not affect the nature of the relationship between siblings.

Question 7

Avery's parents are divorced. Avery spends weekends with her father and the rest of the week with her mother. What would we call this arrangement?

A) an indifferent-uninvolved parenting style
B) direct instruction
C) a blended family
D) joint custody

Question 8

Which child is most likely to succeed academically and graduate from college?

A) Teri, who is first-born
B) Martha, who is second-born
C) Dorothy, who is third-born
D) Vanessa, who is the youngest child

Question 9

Which of the following is responsible for some of the negative effects of divorce on children?

A) the fact that the single parent has more money at his or her disposal
B) the fact that family life immediately prior to the divorce was so loving compared to life after the divorce
C) the fact that the parent-child relationship changes
D) the fact that parents are more likely to attend to the needs of their children after the divorce

Question 10

How do most adopted children adapt to the school environment?

A) They have more difficulty adjusting to school than children living with biological parents.
B) They have more maladjusted attachments to teachers.
C) The extent of problems they experience is affected by the level of involvement of the adoptive parents.
D) They are delayed in terms of cognitive development.

Question 11

According to Amato and Keith (1991), at which stage of life is divorce most harmful to a child?

A) infancy
B) preschool
C) adolescence
D) adulthood

Question 12

Which advice should you give to parents who are trying to reduce their children's sibling conflict?

A) "Ignore the conflict and it will pass.'"
B) "Try to keep your marital problems to yourself."
C) "You don't have to justify how you treat your kids."
D) "Children will fight no matter what you do."

Question 13

Who is most likely to be distressed by the fact that she has a new baby brother?

A) Annabella, who is 2 years old
B) Noni, who has two older sisters
C) Monique, who has one older brother
D) Patsy, who has four siblings

Question 14

Why do the harmful impacts of divorce appear to have increased in more recent years?

A) Divorce is so uncommon that children of divorce are seen as very different.
B) Divorce settlements are more "vicious" than they were in the past.
C) Joint versus single custody has become more of the norm.
D) The gap between single- and two-parent family incomes is widening.

Question 15

Fletcher is the third child born in his family. How should he expect that his parents will treat him, compared to his oldest sibling?

A) He should expect that they will use stiffer disciplinary methods.
B) He should expect that they will set higher academic goals.
C) He should expect that they will be more affectionate.
D) He should expect that they will set more realistic expectations.

Question 16

Jin-Li is a Chinese immigrant who moved to Canada ten years ago. While he lives in a community that has a small Chinese population, he has had to undergo a process in which he became familiar with the language and customs of his new home. What is the name for that process?

A) socialization
B) acculturation
C) acclamation
D) culturization

Question 17

At what age does the youngest sibling usually start talking more to the older siblings than to the mother?

A) 6 months old
B) 1 year old
C) 2 years old
D) 4 years old

Question 18

Which child comes from a country where there are concerns about the only child becoming a selfish individual?

A) Pedro, who comes from Spain
B) Liang, who comes from China
C) Sofia, who comes from Italy
D) Genevieve, who comes from France

Question 19

Marissa is a researcher who believes that to understand child-rearing, you must get beyond looking solely at how parents treat their children and look at the behaviour of the children, the behaviour of their siblings, the behaviour of the parents toward each other, and the neighbourhood in which the child lives. Which view of child-rearing does Marissa most likely support?

A) a psychodynamic view
B) a blended family view
C) a family systems view
D) a counterimitation view

Question 20

What does the family systems approach emphasize?

A) It shows families are influenced by their broader social systems.
B) It takes a generational approach to child development.
C) It looks specifically at the impact of parenting styles on child development.
D) It examines the role of negative family environments on child development.

Question 21

Glenna hangs around two other friends who are the same sex and have similar attitudes and interests. What would we accurately call this kind of group of friends?

A) a group
B) a crowd
C) a gang
D) a clique

Question 22

What is a major contributor to the tremendous need for intimacy underlying adolescent female friendships?

A) the fact that the friendship tends to involve small groups of friends
B) the fact that the friendship typically is with a member of the opposite sex
C) the fact that the friendships tend to be short lived
D) the fact that the friendship tends to involve a single same-sex "best friend"

Question 23

Who would likely have the highest self-esteem?

A) Valerie, who has high status in a clique of her school's most "in" crowd
B) Kevin, who has high status with one of the most "in" kids in school
C) Neil, who has high status in his school's most "in" crowd
D) Mallory, who has high status with teachers in her school

Question 24

What is one thing divorcing parents can do to limit the negative impact of the divorce on their children?

A) Expect the children to be happy, and stay away from talking about negative feelings related to the divorce.
B) Ask the children to help with parental disagreements.
C) Explain to the children why they are divorcing and what changes they can expect.
D) Find an opposite -sex role model for the children.

Question 25

Which female is most likely to be maladjusted?

A) Whitney, whose friends are all females
B) Nicole, whose friends are all males
C) Shannon, who has both male and female friends
D) Heather, whose friends are all the same age as she is

Question 26

Who possesses a characteristic that makes them less likely to be a friend with 12-year-old Isabel, who is Mexican?

A) Toni, who is also 12 years old
B) Bobbi, who is also a female
C) Roni, who is also Mexican
D) Tina, who has an opposite attitude toward school from Isabel

Question 27

Sixteen-year-old Yvonne is a member of the "Jocks," the highest-status crowd at the school. What does this information most likely indicate about Yvonne?

A) She is very intelligent.
B) She has average self-esteem.
C) She has high self-esteem.
D) She has very few close friends.

Question 28

Which of the following phrases would best complete the analogy, "Crowd is to clique as"?

A) set is to subset
B) friends are to rivals
C) black is to white
D) attitude is to behaviour

Question 29

Laura, who is 14 years old, is extremely upset about the fact that someone made fun of her in class. Who is Laura most likely to seek support from?

A) her teacher
B) her close friends
C) her mother
D) her father

Question 30

Who most likely made the statement, "friends are loyal to the end!"?

A) a 3-year-old
B) a 6-year-old
C) a 9-year-old
D) a 12-year-old

Question 31

Clive says that Erik is his best friend because "We like to play with each other, and Erik always lets me use his soccer ball." How old is Clive most likely to be?

A) 5 years old
B) 8 years old
C) 12 years old
D) 15 years old

Question 32

Why are girls more likely to be concerned about the faithfulness of their friends?

A) because their friendships tend to be based on socialization
B) because their friendships tend to be based on helping each other
C) because their friendships tend to be based on intimacy
D) because their friendships tend to be based on common interests

Question 33

Which child is most likely to define a friend as "someone who plays with me"?

A) Winnie, who is 2 years old
B) Olive, who is 5 years old
C) Ben, who is 10 years old
D) Sam, who is 15 years old

Question 34

In which case would Tony be more likely to have friends of a different race?

A) if he attended a school with small class sizes
B) if he attended a private school
C) if his friends were older
D) if his friends had different attitudes than his own

Question 35

Paul talks of his friends as being important to him because they play with him and are nice to him. How old is Paul most likely to be?

A) 4 years old
B) 8 years old
C) 10 years old
D) 12 years old

Question 36

Your son Barney tells you that he really enjoys spending time with his friend Jake because "Jake helps me with my math problems, and I trust him to always be my friend." How old is Barney most likely to be?

A) 5 years old
B) 7 years old
C) 11 years old
D) 13 years old

Question 37

Which of the following qualities does Jozie, who is 16 years of age, expect of her best friend, Lauren?

A) trust
B) empathy
C) compassion
D) assistance

Question 38

Jackie and Melissa are two friends who spend a lot of time together. Melissa likes to discuss her issues with her family, and Jackie talks about her problems with her boyfriend. What is the term used to describe the type of conversations between Jackie and Melissa?

A) co-conspiracy
B) gossip
C) co-rumination
D) brooding

Question 39

Brooke's household consists of her biological mother, her biological sister, and her stepfather. What do we call this kind of unit?

A) a clique
B) a negative reinforcement trap
C) a blended family
D) joint custody

Question 40

Olivia was divorced three years ago and has custody of her pre-adolescent children (one boy and one girl). Olivia is now planning to remarry. Which of the four people involved will have the most difficulty adjusting to this new blended family?

A) Olivia's son
B) Olivia's daughter
C) Olivia
D) the new stepfather

Question 41

Eric's classmates don't particularly hate him; they just never pay any attention to him. What kind of child does Eric exemplify?

A) a controversial child
B) a rejected child
C) a neglected child
D) an average child

Question 42

Zoe is the new girl at the local high school. Even though they barely know her, Sydney and Jenna spread malicious rumours about why Zoe had to leave her previous school. Sydney and Jenna's maltreatment of Zoe exemplifies what type of behaviour?

A) hostile aggression
B) torment
C) relational aggression
D) intimidation

Question 43

What single factor appears to be most influential in determining whether an adolescent will "cave-in" to peer pressure?

A) the degree to which appropriate standards of behaviour are clear-cut
B) the degree to which the adolescent can get into trouble for engaging in the act
C) the degree to which parents oppose the act
D) the degree to which the act requires effort

Question 44

Andrea's parents include her in most family discussions. This has been shown to increase the likelihood of Andrea being in certain crowds. Which of the following crowds are they?

A) popular or jock
B) normal or brainy
C) brainy or druggie
D) normal or popular

Question 45

Angelica is well liked by most all of her classmates. What kind of child does she exemplify?

A) an average child
B) a neglected child
C) a controversial child
D) a popular child

Question 46

In a typical group of 6-year-old boys, who would you expect to be the leader?

A) the smartest kid
B) the strongest kid
C) the richest kid
D) the funniest kid

Question 47

Clyde is quite a character. He is very well liked by some people in his class but is very much disliked by some others. What kind of child does Clyde exemplify?

A) a popular child
B) a rejected child
C) an average child
D) a controversial child

Question 48

What is the most likely cause of children being rejected by their peers?

A) being disciplined inconsistently by their parents
B) being raised by parents with excellent social skills
C) being raised by parents with an authoritative style
D) being the victims of time-out procedures

Question 49

Jerry is a member of the "druggie" crowd. What kind of parents does he most likely have?

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) indulgent
D) very controlling

Question 50

Boris, Freddy and Sam are playing with their trucks in the sandbox. Because Boris wants to play with Sam's truck, Boris punches and kicks Sam so that he can get Sam's truck. What type of violence is Boris exhibiting?

A) relational aggression
B) instrumental aggression
C) hostile aggression
D) vicious aggression

Question 51

In which situation is Rita most likely to be influenced by peer pressure?

A) determining how she should act when she visits her grandmother
B) deciding what book she should buy at the bookstore
C) determining how she should cook macaroni and cheese
D) deciding whether she should sleep at night

Question 52

Bobby comes from a country in which children tend to be more assertive and direct in their social interaction with others. From which of the following countries does Bobby originate?

A) Iran
B) Iraq
C) Israel
D) Ireland

Question 53

Does watching TV violence really affect the behaviour of children?

A) No, it has absolutely no effect.
B) Not really. It may make them a little scared for a while, but has no long-term effects.
C) It might if the children are ADHD before they watch the violence.
D) Yes. It desensitizes them to violence and makes them more aggressive.

Question 54

Which child is best described as an "average child?"

A) Sarah, who is well-liked by most all her classmates
B) Natalie, who has some classmates that like her somewhat and others that dislike her somewhat
C) Ethan, who is ignored by his classmates
D) Donald, who is disliked by most of his classmates

Question 55

How does a dominance hierarchy affect a group?

A) There is increased internal conflict.
B) There is equal status for all members.
C) There is a single leader.
D) There are few active members.

Question 56

Which of the following attributes determines a good leader?

A) popularity
B) age
C) competence
D) key skills

Question 57

Phoebe is liked by most kids in her class. She gets along well with her classmates and she participates in most social events within her class. What kind of child is Phoebe?

A) a controversial child
B) an average child
C) a rejected child
D) a popular child

Question 58

How can Hailey's parents increase her odds of associating with the "brainy crowd" at school?

A) make time with friends contingent on her academic performance
B) hire her a tutor
C) avoid forcing her to make decisions concerning the family
D) monitor her out-of-school behaviour

Question 59

There is a group in town made up of girls who like golf. Who is most likely to be the leader of the group?

A) Annika, who is the best golfer in the group
B) Holly, who has the most outgoing personality
C) Nancy, who is the wealthiest person in the group
D) Cathy, who is the best student in the group

Question 60

What is the best advice you could give to an adolescent trying to gain popularity among his or her school peers?

A) "Be quiet."
B) "Be nice."
C) "Be subservient."
D) "Be aggressive."

Question 61

Researchers have found that watching a certain television program increased the likelihood of a child improving his/her language skills. What show was this?

A) Lassie
B) Martha Speaks
C) The Mighty Morphin Power Rangers
D) Curious George

Question 62

What is a North American child's primary use for his/her computer?

A) playing games
B) listening to music
C) researching for school
D) social networking

Question 63

Sara describes her friend Dan by saying, "He's fun to be around because he's funny and has good ideas, but he's often insensitive to how others feel." Approximately how old is Sara most likely to be?

A) 2 years old
B) 7 years old
C) 10 years old
D) 16 years old

Question 64

How does a child's descriptions of others change as he/she ages?

A) The description becomes more abstract.
B) The description becomes more concrete.
C) The description becomes more simplistic.
D) The description becomes more representational.

Question 65

What is one problem with using prosocial television programs to encourage prosocial behaviours in children?

A) Prosocial programs have no affect on the behaviour of children.
B) Children do not like programs that promote prosocial behaviour.
C) Prosocial programs only affect the behaviour of girls.
D) Prosocial programs are far outnumbered by violent programs.

Question 66

Which TV show emphasizes prosocial behaviour among children?

A) Mr. Rogers' Neighbourhood
B) Arthur
C) Curious George
D) Square One TV

Question 67

Which of the following statements is an example of recursive thinking?

A) "I know that Sarah will come back."
B) "Samuel thinks that Sarah thinks we're going to the movies."
C) "Joey believes that Sarah knows he's 19 years old."
D) "Lynda says that she believes in Santa Claus."

Question 68

Which of the following skill sets is improved as a result of children's playing of some video games?

A) linguistic skills
B) interpersonal skills
C) perceptual-spatial skills
D) bodily-kinesthetic skills

Question 69

What would be the most effective way to increase the impact of prosocial television programs on children's behaviour?

A) put more cartoons on the air
B) eliminate commercials
C) put more prosocial programs on the air
D) eliminate adult-oriented programs

Question 70

Who is least likely to be prejudiced?

A) Debby, who is a preschooler
B) Lynda, who is in Grade 3
C) Stephanie, who is in high school
D) Nicole, who is in college

Question 71

According to Gentile (2009), what percentage of youth get "hooked" on video games?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Question 72

Jeb wants to play hockey, and his brother Joe, who wants to watch TV, says that he understands Jeb's desire, because Jeb has been studying all week with no time for recreation and fun. At what stage of Selman's perspective-taking are the two boys?

A) social-informational
B) third person
C) self-reflective
D) societal

Question 73

Which of the following television shows has had the biggest positive impact on North American children?

A) Arthur
B) Sesame Street
C) Dora the Explorer
D) Mr. Rogers' Neighbourhood

Question 74

According to Foster and Watkins (2010), which of the following can be eliminated for having a negative link between television and childhood behaviour?

A) a child's reduced attention span
B) a child's ability to cooperate with others
C) a child's happiness
D) a child's increased activity level

Question 75

Graham watches TV for many hours every day. Dan does not watch TV at all. Which of the following is most likely?

A) The type of TV that Graham watches will impact his behaviour.
B) Dan will be more aggressive.
C) Dan is less intelligent.
D) Graham has a more realistic view of the elderly.

Question 76

Helen is upset because she thinks that her friend Troy views her other friend Mary as being more responsible than herself. According to Selman (1980, 1981), what stage of perspective-taking is Helen most likely in?

A) the third-person stage
B) the societal stage
C) the undifferentiated stage
D) the self-reflective stage

Question 77

According to your textbook, what is the relationship between watching a lot of television during childhood and a reduction of the child's attention span?

A) Watching a lot of TV is inversely correlated with a child's attention span.
B) Watching a lot of TV causes aggressive behaviour, not problems with attention span.
C) Watching a lot of TV is unrelated to attention span.
D) Watching a lot of TV reduces the incidence of problems with attention span.

Question 78

A child will typically describe another person in a positive manner until he/she reaches what approximate age?

A) 7 years
B) 8 years
C) 9 years
D) 10 years

Question 79

According to researchers, which of the following scenarios will occur if a child is able to appreciate others' thoughts and opinions?

A) He/she will be popular.
B) He/she will get along better with his/her peers.
C) He/she will have better overall social skills.
D) He/she will take advantage of his/her friends.

Question 80

At what approximate age does Charlie start to describe others using personality traits?

A) 3-7 years
B) 8-14 years
C) 15-18 years
D) 19-23 years