Deck 9: Rites of Passage

Question 1

Who would be the most likely to have just achieved close to her full adult stature?

A) Meg, who is 12 years old
B) Beth, who is 15 years old
C) Jo, who is 18 years old
D) Amy, who is 21 years old

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What are the two general types of development associated with puberty?

A) intellectual growth and bodily changes
B) bodily changes and sexual maturation
C) sexual maturation and emotional maturation
D) hormonal maturation and intellectual growth

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Sasha is just entering her adolescent years. Approximately what percentage of her brain is already fully developed?

A) 65%
B) 75%
C) 85%
D) 95%

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What do primary sex characteristic changes directly impact?

A) reproduction
B) height
C) intelligence
D) personality

Question 5

Who is experiencing the first indicator of the onset of puberty in males?

A) Joey, whose testes have started to grow
B) Ben, whose pubic hair has started to grow
C) Raj, who is experiencing a growth spurt
D) Adam, whose penis has started to grow

Question 6

During puberty, there are changes in physical maturity that are not directly linked to reproduction. What are they called?

A) primary sex characteristics
B) secondary sex characteristics
C) tertiary sex characteristics
D) instrumental sex characteristics

Question 7

Who is experiencing the last indicator of the onset of puberty in a typical female?

A) Mary, whose pubic hair has started to grow
B) Teresa, who has just begun to menstruate
C) Gina, whose breasts have started to grow
D) Carrie, who has just begun to ovulate

Question 8

In a typically developing adolescent experiencing puberty, what part of the body is the last area to grow?

A) the head
B) the feet
C) the hands
D) the trunk

Question 9

Which of the following is best defined as physical changes that mark the transition from childhood to young adulthood?

A) puberty
B) menopause
C) primary circular reactions
D) secondary circular reactions

Question 10

According to the text, girls begin a growth spurt before boys do. In terms of starting to mature, approximately how much time ahead of boys are girls?

A) 6 months
B) 12 months
C) 18 months
D) 24 months

Question 11

George decides to try drinking alcohol with his underage teenage friends. After a few drinks, George wants to drive home, but his friends convince him to stay overnight at Sam's home. He agrees to do so. What centre in George's brain helps him to make the wise decision to avoid drinking and driving?

A) the frontal cortex
B) the limbic system
C) the cerebellum
D) the brain stem

Question 12

In a typical male, what is the last of the major changes associated with puberty?

A) sperm production
B) deepening voice
C) growth spurt
D) spontaneous ejaculation

Question 13

Which of the following children would you expect to gain the most in height and weight over the next three years?

A) Ginny, who is 2 years old
B) Brian, who is 6 years old
C) Tina, who is 11 years old
D) Lenora, who is 14 years old

Question 14

Why can social interaction between 11- and 12-year-old boys and girls be awkward?

A) because girls tend to look more mature than boys
B) because boys don't experience emotional growth until their late teens
C) because boys are not physically attracted to girls at this age
D) because girls do not share the same interests as boys at this age

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the early menstrual cycles of a typical teenage female?

A) regular and with ovulation
B) regular and without ovulation
C) irregular and with ovulation
D) irregular and without ovulation

Question 16

Who is experiencing an event that is best defined as a change in his or her primary sex characteristics?

A) Peter, who has begun to grow facial hair
B) Rob, who has begun to produce sperm
C) Maria, whose breasts have begun to develop
D) Francesca, whose pelvis is narrowing

Question 17

Which of the following is a sex difference that occurs during puberty?

A) muscle development tends to be more pronounced in females
B) body fat levels tends to be more pronounced in females
C) lung capacity tends to increase more in females
D) heart capacity tends to increase more in females

Question 18

Historically, a girl's first menstruation signalled her ascendance into adulthood. What do we call this specific event?

A) menarche
B) involution
C) ovulation
D) morphogenesis

Question 19

Joseph can exhibit a wide range of emotions when he looks and smiles at his mother. Which part of Joseph's brain is more active in his adolescent brain than the brain of his younger sister or his father?

A) cerebral cortex
B) hippocampus
C) amygdala
D) medula

Question 20

Which of the following physical changes occurs during an adolescent growth spurt?

A) Body fat increases much more in boys than in girls.
B) Muscle fibres become denser in girls than in boys.
C) Heart and lung capacity increases more in boys than in girls.
D) Kidney and bladder capacity becomes larger in girls than in boys.

Question 21

Which two hormones are present in both males and females?

A) progesterone and prolactin
B) estrogen and androgen
C) oxytocin and prolactin
D) estrogen and oxytocin

Question 22

Aidan's wrestling coach told him he needs to consume more red meat to make hemoglobin. Why does Aidan require more hemoglobin?

A) to increase muscle mass
B) to increase bone mass
C) to increase weight
D) to increase energy levels

Question 23

Approximately how many calories should a typical teenage girl consume each day?

A) 1200
B) 1700
C) 2200
D) 2700

Question 24

Which measure would be used to determine whether or not a child is overweight?

A) BMI
B) MMPI
C) WISC
D) WAIS

Question 25

Brandy's father Jim divorced her mother when Brandy was 10 years old. He does not visit her very often, as Jim now suffers from depression. Brandy has recently started to menstruate at 11 years of age, and she has told her mom but not her dad. By which of the following theories can this early onset of puberty be defined?

A) deadbeat dad theory
B) absent father theory
C) paternal investment theory
D) father investment theory

Question 26

Which gland regulates pubertal changes by signalling other glands to secrete hormones?

A) thyroid
B) adrenal
C) pituitary
D) pineal

Question 27

Which event defines spermarche?

A) the production of sperm
B) the ejaculation of sperm
C) the original meiosis of sperm
D) the implantation of sperm into an egg

Question 28

Jadah and Sandra are young adolescent girls. Their bodies are changing rapidly. Jadah has just experienced menstruation for the first time. Sandra has not yet gone through menarche. Approximately what age is Jadah?

A) 11 years
B) 12 years
C) 13 years
D) 14 years

Question 29

Alan is in the upper 20% for weight for his height, Erin is in the upper 10% for weight for her height, Tim is in the upper 5% for weight for his height, and Toni is in the upper 2% for weight for her height. How many of these four children would be classified as overweight?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 30

Which of the following phrases completes the analogy, "Estrogen is to androgen as?"

A) sperm is to egg
B) ovary is to testes
C) male is to female
D) ejaculation is to menarche

Question 31

Marsie is a Western Apache teenager who has just experienced menarche. What reaction should she expect from those around her?

A) There will be a celebration in her honour.
B) She will be married within a week.
C) Her hair will be cut short, and she will be expected to go into the wilderness to kill a small animal (e.g., rabbit).
D) She will be ostracized from the tribe for one month.

Question 32

Who is most likely to enjoy positive psychological benefits from the timing of maturation?

A) Rory, who is a late-maturing male
B) Burton, who is an early-maturing male
C) Eliza, who is a late-maturing female
D) Tania, who is an early-maturing female

Question 33

Don is a typical teenager. What is the most likely cause of the moodiness that he is exhibiting?

A) raging hormone levels
B) changes in social settings and activities
C) negative verbal interactions with his parents
D) concern over his changing body

Question 34

Which of the following factors seems to be most involved in causing the drop in the average age of menarche that has been seen in many industrialized nations over the past 150 years?

A) parenting skills
B) nutrition
C) education
D) genetics

Question 35

According to Brooks-Gunn and Ruble (1982), who do girls tell first when they experience their first menstrual period?

A) their doctor
B) their mother
C) their friends
D) their siblings

Question 36

What releases estrogen?

A) the pituitary gland
B) the ovaries
C) the adrenal gland
D) the testes

Question 37

Katy is a young woman who matured at a young age. Which of the following scenarios is Katy likely to experience?

A) She will have behavioural problems.
B) She will be academically strong and get good grades.
C) She will be popular in social situations.
D) She will experience a great deal of stress throughout her life.

Question 38

How does stress affect the maturation of girls?

A) Puberty occurs earlier in girls who have experienced stress.
B) Puberty occurs later in girls who have experienced stress.
C) The onset of puberty in girls is determined genetically thus stress has no effect on the timing of puberty.
D) The effects of stress on maturation in girls is unknown.

Question 39

What does the abbreviation BMI stand for?

A) base metabolic indices
B) body metabolic indices
C) base mass index
D) body mass index

Question 40

How do males and females differ in body image at puberty?

A) Females worry more about appearance, but males are more dissatisfied with their appearance.
B) Males worry more about appearance, but females are more dissatisfied with their appearance.
C) Males worry more about appearance and are more dissatisfied with their appearance.
D) Females worry more about appearance and are more dissatisfied with their appearance.

Question 41

According to the Public Health Agency of Canada, what percentage of injuries to high school students is attributed to sprains and strains?

A) 30%
B) 40%
C) 50%
D) 60%

Question 42

Which of the following roles explains why Robyn's 114-kg (250-pound) basal metabolic rate affects her weight?

A) the role of learned helplessness in obesity
B) the role of genes in obesity
C) the role of ineffective weight loss programs on the market
D) the role of poor parenting in obesity

Question 43

What is one characteristic of programs that effectively assist obese children in losing weight?

A) They tend to emphasize the need to follow external cues when deciding when to eat.
B) They tend to encourage children to become more picky eaters.
C) They tend to eliminate meat from their diets altogether.
D) They tend to have parents monitor their own lifestyles to serve as good models for proper eating.

Question 44

Fifteen-year-old Kristi was adopted when she was an infant. What best predicts her adult weight?

A) the weight of her adoptive parents
B) the average weight of individuals in her age-cohort group
C) the weight of her biological parents
D) the average weight of her adoptive siblings

Question 45

Sadie has decided to become a vegetarian because she does not like to eat meat or poultry. Which of the following nutrients are of concern for a vegetarian like Sadie?

A) vitamin A and calcium
B) carbohydrate and zinc
C) folate and fat
D) protein and iron

Question 46

David is fifteen years old. He has become quite moody, less alert, and his grades are slipping at school. What is David likely lacking?

A) sleep
B) exercise
C) vitamins and minerals
D) water

Question 47

According to research, what percentage of boys experience eating disorders?

A) 10 percent
B) 15 percent
C) 20 percent
D) 25 percent

Question 48

What do we call the speed at which the body consumes calories?

A) basal ingestion rate
B) diffusion status
C) basal metabolic rate
D) caloric intake status

Question 49

Carrie exhibits anorexia nervosa. When she looks in a mirror, what is she most likely thinking?

A) "I'm really starting to get thin!"
B) "I'm so fat!"
C) "I'm beautiful compared to those ugly women on television!"
D) "I'm going to have to start eating a little more!"

Question 50

What is the best explanation for the reckless car-driving behaviour seen in teens?

A) unnecessary risk-taking behaviour
B) peer pressure to conform or to be popular
C) lack of frontal lobe development
D) a desire for thrill-seeking

Question 51

While teens and adults seem to make decisions using a similar process, the outcomes are often different. Why is this so?

A) because of the way adolescents weigh the desirability of different consequences
B) because adults do not take risks as often as adolescents
C) because adolescents do not appreciate all of the options available to them
D) because adults have greater frontal lobe maturity

Question 52

Which of the following is a type of purging commonly found in individuals with bulimia nervosa?

A) massive calorie consumption
B) starvation
C) use of laxatives
D) compulsive cooking behaviour

Question 53

Orson is 13 years old and is classified as overweight. How may his parents encourage a change in his eating behaviour?

A) by encouraging Orson to set goals and monitoring their own lifestyles
B) by boosting Orson's water intake
C) by having Orson assessed by his family doctor
D) by placing a lock on the refrigerator

Question 54

What is one of the defining characteristics of anorexia nervosa?

A) the persistent refusal to eat
B) a cyclic binge-and-purge pattern
C) a rational fear of obesity
D) an inhibited basal metabolic rate

Question 55

What does the defining characteristic of bulimia nervosa involve?

A) a binge-and-purge eating pattern
B) weight loss
C) a distorted body image
D) an irrational fear of obesity

Question 56

When researchers at Statistics Canada asked youth about their exercise habits versus their sedentary habits, what did the researchers find?

A) Exercise rates for both boys and girls declined on weekends.
B) Exercise rates for both boys and girls increased on weekends.
C) Sedentary rates were the same as exercise rates during the whole week.
D) Sedentary rates comprised approximately 9 hours of a youth's day.

Question 57

One way to reduce the incidence of obesity in adolescence is to have them engage in regular physical activity. What is necessary for an exercise to be considered regular physical activity?

A) Exercise must last for at least 60 minutes and be moderate to vigorous intensity.
B) Exercise must occur at least 5 times a week.
C) Exercise must burn at least 250 calories and to be vigorous intensity.
D) Exercise should keep heart rate at about 140 beats per minute.

Question 58

Based on statistics, what are Canadian teens most likely to die from?

A) high-risk sporting activities
B) automobile accidents
C) crimes of violence
D) disease

Question 59

It is often argued that anorexic behaviour is common in North America because the culture places great emphasis on physical beauty and thinness. What kind of influence is this emphasis on beauty and thinness?

A) a biological influence
B) a psychological influence
C) a philosophical influence
D) a sociocultural influence

Question 60

Anabolic steroids produce immediate changes to body appearance. What kind of serious effects do they also have?

A) biological effects only
B) psychological effects only
C) biological and psychological effects
D) biological and social effects

Question 61

When making decisions, teens tend to place the greatest emphasis on which of the following consequences of their actions?

A) health consequences
B) physical consequences
C) moral consequences
D) social consequences

Question 62

What basic moral question underlies the Heinz dilemma?

A) Are humans naturally violent or passive?
B) Can stealing be justified?
C) Is there a God?
D) Should euthanasia be legalized?

Question 63

When making a moral judgment, what does a person in the first stage of preconventional moral reasoning rely heavily on?

A) adherence to laws
B) adherence to a personal moral code
C) obedience to authority
D) random guessing

Question 64

According to Klaczynski and Narasimham (1998), what do teens tend to do when making decisions concerning scientific research?

A) They tend to ignore all results as irrelevant.
B) They tend to see all results are useful.
C) They tend to accept findings that threaten their beliefs.
D) They tend to dismiss findings that threaten their beliefs.

Question 65

When considering the Heinz dilemma, Tony says that he would not steal the drug because he was raised to believe that stealing was wrong and that people who steal get into trouble. Which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development is Tony most likely at?

A) the first stage
B) the second stage
C) the third stage
D) the fourth stage

Question 66

Which concept is best associated with increased content knowledge?

A) increased expertise
B) increased memory capacity
C) increased processing speed
D) increased metacognitive skills

Question 67

Based on results from Klaczynski and Narasimham (1998), what would you predict would have happened when Dylan, a white supremacist teen, read a scientific study indicating that Asians have higher IQs than Caucasians?

A) He would reconsider his anti-Asian stance.
B) He would dismiss the study as being flawed.
C) He would look up more research on the topic.
D) He would now view Asians as more intelligent.

Question 68

Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning?

A) If you drink alcohol, you will have a heart attack.
B) 2 + 2 = 5
C) If you love someone, he/she will love you back tenfold.
D) If you play with fire, you're likely to get burned.

Question 69

What label did Kohlberg use when referring to the first level of moral reasoning?

A) preoperational
B) prepositional
C) preconventional
D) prepubertal

Question 70

According to Kohlberg's original theory, how many levels of moral reasoning are there, and how many stages does each level contain?

A) There are two levels, and each contains two stages.
B) There are three levels, and each contains two stages.
C) There are two levels, and each contains three stages.
D) There are three levels, and each contains three stages.

Question 71

Which of the following is the best example of a metacognitive skill?

A) monitoring the effectiveness of a problem solving strategy
B) processing speed
C) long-term memory capacity
D) possessing great levels of content knowledge about a topic

Question 72

When asked how she makes moral judgments, 15-year-old Fawn says, "I do what my dad says is right." What level of moral thinking is Fawn at?

A) the preconventional level
B) the conventional level
C) the postconventional level
D) the unconventional level

Question 73

What is preconventional moral reasoning based on?

A) internal forces
B) biological forces
C) innate forces
D) external forces

Question 74

When Julie and Jacob were arguing about whom the world's best guitar player has been, Julie attacked Jacob because Jacob's distant cousin is Eddie Van Halen (whom Jacob idolizes). Julie says that's why Jacob chooses him. What type of argument is this?

A) flawed
B) ad ignorantiam
C) ad hominem
D) ad populum

Question 75

Gilbert is an adolescent who is able to figure out weaknesses and problems in scientific evidence, and he loves to debate his theories based upon logical argument. What feature in adolescent information professing describes Gilbert's state?

A) problem-solving and reasoning
B) strategies and metacognition
C) content knowledge
D) working memory and processing speed

Question 76

When considering whether or not to be nice to a classmate, Nora says, "If I am nice to Jamie, he might give me his cookie at lunch." Which stage of moral reasoning does this type of logic best exemplify?

A) the first stage
B) the second stage
C) the third stage
D) the fourth stage

Question 77

At which level does moral reasoning based on instrumental orientation tend to occur at?

A) the preconventional level
B) the conventional level
C) the postconventional level
D) the unconventional level

Question 78

What technique did Kohlberg (1969) use to assess moral thinking?

A) He presented participants with moral dilemmas.
B) He observed moral behaviour in laboratory experiments.
C) He observed moral behaviour in real-life experiments.
D) He reviewed newspaper account on acts of bravery and acts of violence.

Question 79

When discussing the Heinz dilemma, what kind of decision would indicate that a person is at the instrumental orientation stage of moral reasoning?

A) a decision based on current laws concerning stealing
B) a decision based on a universal moral code
C) a decision based on obedience to an authority figure
D) a decision based on how stealing the drug might create inconveniences to oneself

Question 80

Using the methodology from Klaczynski and Narasimham's (1998) study of adolescent cognition, telling a Jewish individual that Catholic parents are very creative would classify as what kind of outcome?

A) favourable
B) neutral
C) unfavourable
D) demeaning