Deck 11: Becoming an Adult

Question 1

According to Berns, Moore, and Capra (2009), when is a person's prefrontal cortex fully developed?

A) in the early teens
B) in the late teens
C) in the early 20s
D) in the mid 20s

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Why is a role transition so important?

A) because it occurs at the same age for individuals within a given cultural population
B) because it involves family relationships
C) because it leads to significant decreases in stress
D) because it involves the acquisition of new responsibilities

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Nicola is 18 years old, and she engages in many risky behaviours. For example, she drives very fast and recklessly, and she does not use any protection when having sex. If Nicola is a typical adolescent, what will most likely happen when she gets older?

A) This behaviour will increase.
B) She will end up in jail.
C) This behaviour will continue at about the same level.
D) This behaviour will decrease.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Emilia is a typical 30-year old, and Tina is a typical 22-year-old. Which one of Emilia's sensory functions is less capable than Tina's?

A) Emilia cannot see as well as Tina.
B) Emilia cannot hear as well as Tina.
C) Emilia cannot taste as well as Tina.
D) Emilia cannot smell as well as Tina.

Question 5

According to the text, which of the following factors is "a strong correlate" of risky behaviour?

A) brain development
B) peer pressure
C) poverty
D) age

Question 6

Georgia is 28 years old and is returning to school to study nursing. Although she gets "stressed out" with studying, working part-time, and managing her family, she is learning other important things as she experiences this process. According to Miles (2009), what is Georgia learning?

A) frustration
B) self-discovery
C) confidence
D) problem-solving

Question 7

Approximately what percentage of high school students in Canada go on to college, university, or some other form of post-secondary education?

A) 55%
B) 70%
C) 75%
D) 85%

Question 8

Who would Erikson say is most capable of true intimacy?

A) Colleen, who is overly dependent on her boyfriend
B) Burt, who will go out with different people but finds it scary to go out with someone more than a couple of times
C) Aileen, who has a clear sense of identity
D) Harrison, who is 16 years old

Question 9

Marcia is a typical college student in the year 2005. Luisa is a typical college student in the year 2013. How does most likely Luisa differ from Marcia?

A) Luisa is most likely more intelligent.
B) Luisa is most likely less prepared for college.
C) Luisa is most likely older.
D) Luisa is most likely more creative.

Question 10

Cheyenne and Ciara are mother and teenage daughter. In what way are they most likely different?

A) Cheyenne is more likely to have sex without contraceptive protection.
B) Cheyenne is less likely to speed while driving.
C) Ciara is more likely to comply with social norms.
D) Ciara is less likely to shoplift.

Question 11

Ryan, 24, has graduated from university as an architect, but he is having difficulty finding a job. He decides to move home and accept a part-time job while he pays off his school debt and adjusts to this new challenge in his life. How do Robbins and Wilner (2001) define this time of struggle in Ryan's life?

A) as a quarterlife crisis
B) as a financial crisis
C) as an adolescent crisis
D) as a midlife crisis

Question 12

At what approximate age is physical strength usually at its peak?

A) mid teens
B) late teens
C) mid 20s
D) late 20s

Question 13

In Canada, which of the following individuals has achieved "adulthood?"

A) Sarah, who is 18 years old and can vote in the next election
B) Bob, who is 29 years old and is getting married
C) Ralph, who is 23 years old and can rent a car
D) Josie, who is 17 years old and can drink alcohol

Question 14

Doug is 25 years old. Which statement regarding his health would Doug avoid making at his age?

A) "I am as strong as I will ever be."
B) "I am a lot less coordinated than I used to be."
C) "My hearing is not quite as good as it used to be."
D) "My shoulders are not likely to get any wider."

Question 15

Smita is a young woman who has been dressed in an elaborate garment and is being separated from the rest of the community. After three days of performing various rituals, she will be allowed back into the group as an adult. What is Smita most likely experiencing?

A) a social clock
B) possible selves
C) a rite of passage
D) an initiation

Question 16

Who is most likely to resolve intimacy issues before identity issues?

A) Mickey, who is a male and is a workaholic
B) Yolanda, who is a female teacher and volunteers at a soup kitchen
C) Christine, who is a female lawyer and is planning her wedding
D) Mercedes, who is a female and who does not plan to have a career

Question 17

Kyle is 19 years old. He is living in his own apartment and going to college, and he has a part-time job to supplement the money his parents are giving him for living expenses. What term is used to define the point at which Kyle has arrived at in his life?

A) adolescent
B) emerging adulthood
C) adult
D) rite of passage

Question 18

Robyn is very involved in studying her textbooks. She is highly motivated and is a good critical thinker. What kind of student is Robyn most likely to be?

A) a returning adult student
B) a senior
C) a traditional-aged college student
D) a typical first-year student

Question 19

According to Erik Erikson, at the age of 25, which crisis is Rollie most likely to be currently experiencing?

A) trust versus mistrust
B) identity versus role confusion
C) autonomy versus shame and doubt
D) intimacy versus isolation

Question 20

In most cultures, what event is the most important determinant of adult status?

A) completing college
B) marriage
C) getting a job
D) initiation

Question 21

Tyler has decided to quit smoking. He accomplished this feat in the same way that 90% of other smokers who have quit. How did Tyler quit smoking?

A) using medication prescribed by his doctor
B) using nicotine patches and gum
C) using hypnosis
D) using his own willpower

Question 22

Sixty-year-old Norbert says, "When I was a teenager I could eat five big meals a day and still feel hungry. Now a couple of snacks can get me through the day." What best accounts for this age-related change?

A) a lower metabolic rate
B) a higher blood sugar
C) a drop in thiamine level
D) an addition of muscle mass

Question 23

How is the consumption of alcohol related to the promotion of health?

A) Abstainers have the greatest benefits.
B) Light drinkers have the greatest benefits.
C) Moderate drinkers have the greatest benefits.
D) Heavy drinkers have the greatest benefits.

Question 24

Approximately what percentage of male Canadian students aged 18-24 report drinking heavily?

A) 12%
B) 27%
C) 32%
D) 40%

Question 25

Amanda is physically dependent on alcohol and experiences withdrawal symptoms when she doesn't drink. How would Amanda's experience with alcohol best classified?

A) an addiction
B) a rite of passage
C) binge drinking
D) healthy behaviour

Question 26

To what extent do those people who drink alcohol experience serious health problems?

A) Most experience no serious health problems.
B) Most experience one serious health problem.
C) Most experience a few serious health problems.
D) Most experience many serious health problems.

Question 27

Zach likes to consume shots of alcohol mixed with his favourite energy drink. Why should Zach be concerned about this practice?

A) because of the high caffeine content of the drink
B) because of the high cost of mixing alcohol with energy drinks
C) because of the number of calories he is consuming
D) because of the increased addiction rates

Question 28

Who is most likely to be a binge drinker?

A) Jamie, whose parents drank a glass of wine most nights with dinner
B) Ryan, who is a popular athlete at his school
C) Leslie, who works part-time
D) Emily, who studies approximately five hours per day

Question 29

Shelley is tired after a long day of classes at university, and she is now consuming her energy drink with alcohol. According to Brache, Thomas and Stockwell (2012), what approximate percentage of Canadian students drink alcohol with energy drinks or caffeinated beverages?

A) 20 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 35 percent

Question 30

Bernice is very interested in studying how the energy needs of the human body change through the lifespan. In other words, what is Bernice interested in studying?

A) cholesterol
B) metabolism
C) lipoproteins
D) addiction

Question 31

Thomas drinks exactly two glasses of wine per day. As a result, what can Thomas expect to happen?

A) He will end up in a treatment centre for alcoholism.
B) He will be at risk for cardiovascular disease.
C) He will be labelled a binge drinker.
D) He will experience some health-related benefits from his action.

Question 32

Each year in Canada, approximately how many people die from tobacco use?

A) 190
B) 990
C) 9 990
D) 19 000

Question 33

Jimmy goes to a party with his college buddies about once per month and has five beers in a row. How would Jimmy's behaviour be classified?

A) alcoholism
B) light drinking
C) binge drinking
D) social drinking

Question 34

Jerry is a frequent binge drinker. Which of the following is Jerry less likely to experience than his non-binge drinking peers?

A) unprotected sex
B) a hangover
C) good grades
D) a sexually transmitted disease

Question 35

Jackie is among the percentage of Canadian women who smoke. What is that percentage?

A) 9.6%
B) 14.9%
C) 17.5%
D) 20.3%

Question 36

Karl was a 23-year-old male living in Canada who just died. What was the most likely cause of Karl's death?

A) cancer
B) heart disease
C) murder
D) automobile accident

Question 37

Dorothy, a smoker, has just learned that she is 2 months pregnant. She has decided to quit smoking for once and for all, but she is doing this for the sake of her baby. Which of the following might happen to Dorothy's baby, should she relapse and continue to smoke?

A) stillbirth
B) cancer of the lungs
C) heart attack
D) deformities

Question 38

What is the second leading cause of death among Canadian young adults?

A) sports-related accidents
B) suicide
C) cancer
D) accidental drug overdose

Question 39

Compared to older adults, what do younger adults require more of in their diet?

A) milk and alternatives
B) meat and alternatives
C) fruits and vegetables
D) grain products

Question 40

All four of these people successfully quit smoking. Which person's quitting will have the most impact on his/her life?

A) Monette, who is 16
B) Chuck, who is 23
C) Mark, who is 35
D) Wendy, who is 47

Question 41

Which of the following practices do women follow more than men?

A) Women eat more fats.
B) Women smoke more.
C) Women use health services more often.
D) Women pay less attention to their bodies.

Question 42

Molly's spatial performance has declined while her verbal abilities have improved. What does this situation say about Molly's intelligence?

A) It is conventional.
B) It is an interindividual variability.
C) It is multidirectional.
D) It is a life-span construct.

Question 43

Which of the following is linked to poor health conditions in the Aboriginal population in Canada?

A) an increase in the average age of the Aboriginal population
B) an increase in traditional hunting and trapping practices
C) crowded living conditions
D) access to Aboriginal health care professionals

Question 44

Who is at the greatest risk of a heart attack?

A) Forrest, who has high levels of LDLs and low levels of HDLs
B) Ted, who has low level of LDLs and high levels of HDLs
C) Samuel, who has low levels of both LDLs and HDLs
D) Gary, who has high levels of both LDLs and HDLs

Question 45

The Aboriginal population in Canada experiences poorer health overall in comparison to the non-Aboriginal population. How much more likely are Aboriginal Canadians to suffer from food insecurity than their non-Aboriginal counterparts?

A) 2 times more
B) 4 times more
C) 6 times more
D) 8 times more

Question 46

Based on her test results, Sylvia's doctor has just told her that she needs to decrease her saturated fat in her diet. According to Dietitians of Canada, what is the recommended percentage of saturated fat in the diet?

A) 3%
B) 7%
C) 10%
D) 14%

Question 47

Sally's doctor suggested she decrease her fat intake. Which of the following food choices must Sally make to lower her fat consumption?

A) Eat frozen yogurt instead of ice cream.
B) Consume vegetables with sour cream dip instead of vegetables and salsa.
C) Choose steak instead of fish.
D) Eat cream of tomato soup instead of tomato vegetable soup.

Question 48

High-density lipoproteins might best be thought of as what kind of cholesterol?

A) "non"
B) "scrubber"
C) "bad"
D) "fatty"

Question 49

Bobby has left his home to move to the city, but he has become homeless, as he cannot find a job. Which ethnicity in Canada is ten times more likely to experience homelessness in an urban setting?

A) Polish Canadians
B) Chinese Canadians
C) Italian Canadians
D) Aboriginal Canadians

Question 50

Because Claudia has a diet high in fat, which of the following is Claudia most at risk for?

A) stomach cancer
B) cardiovascular disease
C) lung cancer
D) respiratory disease

Question 51

A doctor is attempting to determine how healthy you are. She uses a formula that contains information regarding your height and weight. What is she most likely measuring?

A) LDL
B) BMI
C) HDL
D) ADA

Question 52

Kali has a theory of intelligence that views intelligence as being a combination of several factors such as fine motor skills, cognitive ability, and emotional control. What kind of theory is this?

A) a multidirectional theory
B) a multidimensional theory
C) a conventional theory
D) a life-span construct theory

Question 53

Susan has been to her doctor and had her BMI measured. She is told that her score is very low. It is likely that her doctor will explain the health risks involved in being underweight. Which of the following will likely be among the risks discussed?

A) undernutrition
B) hyperactivity
C) hypertension
D) osteoarthritis

Question 54

Who has the lowest risk of dying from a chronic disease?

A) Gilbert, who is a high school drop-out
B) Marisa, who is a high school graduate
C) Wendy, who is college drop-out
D) Franz, who is a college graduate

Question 55

To increase your HDL level, what should you consume high levels of?

A) fibre
B) fat
C) sodium
D) yogurt

Question 56

What BMI is considered healthy?

A) 25 or less
B) 34 or less
C) 44 or less
D) 54 or less

Question 57

What is BMI?

A) a measure of cholesterol in the blood
B) a personality test
C) a device used to assess binge drinking
D) an index related to total body mass

Question 58

Who is likely to be the least healthy?

A) Thad, who lives in poverty
B) Jose, who is a college graduate
C) Lucy, who has a low-fat diet
D) Fabio, who is very wealthy

Question 59

Richard has just been told by his physician that he should cut back on the amount of fat in his diet. What does Richard most likely have in his blood?

A) a high amount of protein
B) a high amount of high-density lipoproteins
C) a high amount of low-density lipoproteins
D) a high amount of carbohydrates

Question 60

Poverty is an example of what type of force affecting health?

A) a psychological force
B) a sociocultural force
C) a nutritional force
D) a biological force

Question 61

Dr. Jones asks his journalism students to write down as many synonyms for the word, "happy", as they can. What type of intellectual functioning is Dr. Jones examining in his students?

A) word fluency
B) inductive reasoning
C) number
D) verbal meaning

Question 62

Dr. Merchant points to a picture of elephants and asks you to describe what you see in the picture. What is Dr. Merchant most likely assessing?

A) verbal meaning
B) number
C) word fluency
D) spatial orientation

Question 63

Which of the following individuals is still experiencing an improvement in his/her primary mental abilities?

A) Cassandra, who is 41 years old
B) Jocelyn, who is 45 years old
C) Everett, who is 48 years old
D) Mitchell, who is 52 years old

Question 64

Most 60-year-olds today would score higher on an intelligence test than a group of 60-year-olds would have in 1940. Which cohort effect most likely explains this fact?

A) a cohort effect involving age
B) a cohort effect involving educational experience
C) a cohort effect involving heredity
D) a cohort effect involving drop-out rate

Question 65

Who is most at-risk for experiencing cognitive decline in old age?

A) a 30-year-old factory worker
B) a 30-year-old with hypertensive heart disease
C) a 50-year-old celebrating his 25th wedding anniversary
D) a 50-year-old college student

Question 66

Even though Odin is only 22-years-old, he is already the "king of trivia." If Odin is typical, what will happen to his ability to do well in trivia games?

A) It will decline with age.
B) It will remain the same throughout his life.
C) It will increase with age.
D) It will increase until he is about 40, and then will decline dramatically.

Question 67

What did Schaie's longitudinal study show about people reaching their 60s?

A) All of their primary abilities decline.
B) Some primary abilities decline; some increase.
C) Most primary abilities remain constant.
D) All primary abilities increase.

Question 68

Dr. Zane is asking you how you might respond to being stranded on a desert island with limited supplies. Later, she has you attempt complex mazes, and asks you to decipher a number of analogies. What is Dr. Zane most likely assessing?

A) number
B) plasticity
C) fluid intelligence
D) crystallized intelligence

Question 69

Dr. Mason has organized her lecture on intellectual ability around different skills that she has placed into meaningful groups. Which would the best title be for Dr. Mason's lecture?

A) "Plasticity Forever"
B) "You and Your Primary Mental Abilities"
C) "Rites of Passage Around the World"
D) "Avoiding Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome"

Question 70

Which of the following theories, based on brain imaging techniques, was developed by Jung and Haier in 2007?

A) the Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory
B) the Holonomic Brain Theory
C) the Left-Brain-Right-Brain Theory
D) the Mind/Brain Identity Theory

Question 71

How do postformal adult thinkers differ from adolescent formal operational thinkers?

A) The adults are more likely to use deductive logic.
B) The adults are more likely to consider situational circumstances.
C) The adults are more likely to be swayed by their own experience.
D) The adults are more likely to make quick decisions on complex problems.

Question 72

Lana and Anna are sisters. As they have gotten older, Lana's cognitive skills have improved, while Anna's have declined. What does this situation suggest about abilities?

A) They have multidimensionality.
B) They have multidirectionality.
C) They have interindividual variability.
D) They have plasticity.

Question 73

A baseball coach tells a pitcher, "I think that with a little training you could learn to throw a knuckleball." What does the coach's remark suggest about ability?

A) It has multidimensionality.
B) It has plasticity.
C) It has multidirectionality.
D) It has fluid nature.

Question 74

Lucia is 67 years old. She loves to complete Sudoku puzzles because she says that they "keep her mind sharp." What mental ability is Lucia testing when she completes this type of puzzle?

A) spatial orientation
B) fluid intelligence
C) number
D) crystallized intelligence

Question 75

Oliver loves trivia, and no matter what the subject, Oliver seems to have the answer. He loves playing the game Trivial Pursuit. What does he love to show off when playing Trivial Pursuit?

A) his crystallized intelligence
B) his fluid intelligence
C) his interindividual variability
D) his plasticity

Question 76

Which of the following phrases would complete the analogy, "Crystallized intelligence is to fluid intelligence as?"

A) putting together a puzzle is to learning to garden
B) a quiz is to an exam
C) childhood is to adulthood
D) math is to language

Question 77

At what point in Nina's life would her crystallized intelligence scores be most significantly greater than her fluid intelligence scores?

A) birth
B) puberty (around age 13)
C) menopause (around age 43)
D) retirement (around age 63)

Question 78

If you wanted to find that "the older people get, the more stupid they are," what would you use to assess their "intelligence?"

A) a test of general intelligence
B) a test of fluid intelligence
C) a test of crystallized intelligence
D) an IQ test

Question 79

Which of the following phrases would complete the analogy, "Primary mental ability is to secondary mental ability as"?

A) crystallized intelligence is to fluid intelligence
B) child is to adult
C) specific is to general
D) conventional is to postconventional

Question 80

Which provides the best example of a multidimensional measure?

A) this psychology exam
B) a test of verbal fluency
C) a test of spatial abilities
D) an IQ test