Deck 7: Gender Roles and Power in the Family

Question 1

Marcus is sensitive,good at art and literature,and passive.These are characteristics associated with:

A) masculinity.
B) femininity.
C) androgyny.
D) undifferentiated type.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

It is commonly believed that gender roles are _____ behaviors rooted in the social context of the culture in which the person lives.

Answer 2

learned

Question 3

Social equality between the sexes is known as _____

Answer 3

egalitarian

Question 4

Based on a national sample of married couples,the major role relationship issue they face is concern about unfair division of _____.

Question 5

The sense of being male or female is your:

A) gender role.
B) gender identity.
C) same sex schema.
D) sex-role stereotype.

Question 6

The nationwide survey that focused on the strengths of happily married couples revealed that more happy couples than unhappy couples divided household tasks on the basis of:

A) traditional tasks of males and of females.
B) personal preference of the spouses.
C) the amount of time spent in the home.
D) personal convenience.

Question 7

A sense of being male or female and what that means in one's society is known as _____.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT traditionally associated with masculinity?

A) independence
B) sensitivity
C) aggressiveness
D) a predisposition for math and science

Question 9

In regards to power balance in marriage,systems where the man is basically the boss are called _____ power patterns.

Question 10

Gender role stereotypes:

A) affect psychological development from birth on.
B) ensure that all genetic males possess the qualities that a particular society deems to be masculine.
C) create equality between the sexes.
D) are a thing of the past in the United States.

Question 11

Gender roles are:

A) expectations about people's attitudes and behaviors based on whether they are female or male.
B) the sense of being a male or female,and what that means to one's society.
C) the same thing as gender stereotypes.
D) the gender-linked constellation of traits commonly associated with women or men.

Question 12

The Family Systems theory suggests that the family functions a(n)_____ system.

Question 13

High marital satisfaction is directly related to how _____ the relationship is.

Question 14

In a 1996 international Gallup Poll of 22 countries,across cultures males were seen as more _____.

Question 15

The _____ theory links gender-role development to the more general maturation of the thinking processes.

Question 16

Mariposa pays attention to what it means in her culture to be a girl and embraces these things as activities,objects,and behaviors that are "for her".This indicates that she is developing a healthy:

A) gender role.
B) gender identity.
C) same sex schema.
D) sex-role stereotype.

Question 17

Stanton believes that boys become doctors and girls become nurses.These expectations are his developing knowledge of:

A) gender role.
B) gender identity.
C) same sex schema.
D) cross sex schema.

Question 18

Textbook authors conclude that,for many contemporary families,gender-based division of labor:

A) is still practiced.
B) gives most of the power to the females in the family.
C) gives most of the power to the males in the family.
D) is no longer practiced.

Question 19

Tabitha is independent,good at math and science,and competent.These are characteristics associated with:

A) masculinity.
B) femininity.
C) androgyny.
D) undifferentiated type.

Question 20

The ability of an individual to change the behavior of other members in the social system is their _____.

Question 21

Who was the sociologist who introduced the modern family's "instrumental" and "expressive" roles?

A) Margaret Mead
B) Talcott Parsons
C) Lawrence Kohlberg
D) Carole Gilligan

Question 22

In the mid-1990s the Gallup Poll surveyed people in 22 countries about perceived traits of males,and perceived traits of females.The findings indicated that:

A) across cultures,men were perceived as more aggressive,ambitious,and courageous than women.
B) in most cultures surveyed,women and men were perceived as being equally intelligent.
C) the majority of respondents in the U.S.,Canada,and Great Britain perceived men to be the more aggressive sex,but with a smaller majority than respondents in most other countries.
D) all of these

Question 23

Results of Margaret Mead's research on gender roles and culture suggests that:

A) gender roles are biologically determined.
B) gender roles vary widely from culture to culture.
C) aggressiveness and independence are universal male characteristics.
D) expressive task management is a universal female characteristic.

Question 24

Our textbook authors posit that with respect to contemporary gender roles in the U.S.:

A) men are assumed to have sex-based traits that are more desirable than the sex-based traits women are assumed to have.
B) women are assumed to have sex-based traits that are more desirable than the sex-based traits men are assumed to have.
C) males are assumed to be superior to females because,as a group,they are physically stronger than females.
D) both females and males have desirable,and undesirable,traits that are not based on their sex.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a theory described in the text that attempts to explain "machismo" in Mexican American culture?

A) Machismo is one way to assert their need for dignity and respect
B) Machismo is an unconscious attempt to overcompensate for feelings of inferiority and powerlessness that arise from being conquered by Spaniards.
C) Machismo is taught to male children by Mexican American mothers to guard against enemies.
D) All of these theories are described in the text.

Question 26

Critics of Margaret Mead's research have found that in 33 different societies around the world:

A) females in looking for a partner placed greater value on wealth and ambition.
B) males were more interested in fertility and youth.
C) "good looks" were more important to males than females.
D) all of these.

Question 27

What term refers to how family demands affect work performance?

A) time-based demands
B) strain-based demands
C) family to work influence
D) none of these.

Question 28

In regards to work-family interface,the percentage of heterosexual couples with and without children,where both partners are employed in today's society,is approximately:

A) 50%-66%.
B) 45%-50%.
C) 65%-70%.
D) less than 50%

Question 29

An example of the double standard in gender roles is:

A) a woman who succeeds in business when a male peer does not.
B) a couple consisting of a liberated woman and a traditional man.
C) society's greater acceptance of male sexual freedom than female sexual freedom.
D) women claiming more freedom for themselves.

Question 30

Emotion work,a recent concept realized by Erickson,includes:

A) listening closely to one's partner.
B) offering encouragement.
C) showing appreciation.
D) all of these

Question 31

The traditional view of gender roles:

A) assumed females had more desirable traits than males.
B) suggested sensitivity and emotionality were important for males as well as females.
C) grew out of a male-oriented culture.
D) assumed females had more desirable traits and suggest sensitivity and emotionality were important for males as well as females.

Question 32

Critics of Talcott Parsons's traditional view of gender roles suggest that his view:

A) ignored the potential problems of its view.
B) stereotyped men and women.
C) mistakenly assumed the traditional family was universal.
D) all these

Question 33

Which of the following are accurate examples of the varied gender roles of American Indian women?

A) A woman can be elected tribal chief in some tribes.
B) Some tribes have religious beliefs against contraception and abortion.
C) Although women can be elected to some tribal offices,the role of chief is reserved for a man.
D) A woman can be elected tribal chief in some tribes and some tribes have religious beliefs against contraception and abortion.

Question 34

Some reasons that make African American women less likely to accept a feminist agenda are that:

A) they are hesitant to conflict with African American males who share their racial oppression.
B) they have been less likely to experience the housewife role.
C) they no longer see a need for a strong women's movement.
D) they are hesitant to conflict with African American males who share their racial oppression and they have been less likely to experience the housewife role.

Question 35

Margaret Mead was an anthropologist who studied gender roles in different:

A) cultures.
B) decades.
C) paradigms.
D) none of these

Question 36

Although most research relating to gender focuses on housework and care of children,there is a recent concept in families that considers:

A) mental work.
B) division of labor.
C) emotion work.
D) marital satisfaction.

Question 37

In the traditional view,society required that men be _____ and women be _____.

A) expressive; instrumental
B) structural; instrumental
C) instrumental; expressive
D) structural; expressive

Question 38

An example of an instrumental function is:

A) making major financial decisions.
B) teaching children how to get along.
C) solving family conflicts.
D) rocking a crying infant.

Question 39

Egalitarian roles are:

A) the roles American society is moving towards.
B) contrary to male dominance.
C) the social equality of the sexes.
D) all of these

Question 40

In regards to work-family interface,strain-based demands include:

A) workload pressures.
B) shift work.
C) extensive travel.
D) extra hours.

Question 41

Social learning and cognitive development theories have been criticized for:

A) assuming that early childhood is a critical period in gender role development.
B) considering traditional gender role behavior desirable and variations deviant.
C) assuming that boys develop similar masculine behaviors and girls develop similar feminine behaviors.
D) all of these

Question 42

Each spouse has about equal authority but in different areas of life.This exemplifies a:

A) syncratic power pattern.
B) autonomic power pattern.
C) competitive symmetry.
D) submissive symmetry.
E) complementary interaction.

Question 43

Which theory about gender role development is concerned with observing how people reinforce each other's gender-related behavior?

A) Social learning theory.
B) Cognitive development theory.
C) Family systems theory.
D) Feminist framework.

Question 44

Which theory suggests that one's individual gender roles are difficult to change unless other family members also change?

A) Social learning theory.
B) Cognitive development theory.
C) Family systems theory.
D) Feminist framework.

Question 45

Which theory challenges traditional gender roles?

A) Social learning theory.
B) Cognitive development theory.
C) Family systems theory.
D) Feminist framework.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT congruent with feminist framework?

A) rejecting traditional masculine characteristics
B) striving to change the conditions of women
C) being sensitive to other oppressed people
D) documenting the contributions women have made in the world

Question 47

Ahmed believes that children observe gender typed behaviors,roles,and norms within their culture and internalize these standards.He most likely has adopted the perspective of:

A) social learning theory.
B) cognitive development theory.
C) family systems theory.
D) feminist framework.

Question 48

Which of the following statements regarding gender role development is NOT supported by social learning theory?

A) Children see variations from the traditional ideal as failure.
B) Children dichotomize the world as female versus male.
C) Children hold flexible views of appropriate gender role behavior that become more rigid in adulthood.
D) Children desire to match their characteristics with gender role standards they learn.

Question 49

Which of the following is MOST true of family power?

A) Power is static,residing primarily in one person.
B) Power is a personal characteristic.
C) Power creates reciprocal causation.
D) Power is perceived similarly by each family member.

Question 50

The power pattern in which each spouse has about equal authority but in different areas of life is called:

A) autonomic pattern.
B) referent power.
C) syncratic pattern.
D) coercive power.

Question 51

Cognitive development theory suggests that:

A) children's gender role stereotypes become progressively more rigid over time.
B) children create gender identity,gender role stereotypes,and values in their minds in their efforts to understand the world around them.
C) gender identity is established in adolescence.
D) children's gender role stereotypes become progressively more rigid over time and children create gender identity,gender role stereotypes,and values in their minds in their efforts to understand the world around them.

Question 52

Which of the following is an example of a syncratic pattern of marital power?

A) Both partners go to car dealers to select a new car and to the department store to pick out wallpaper.
B) The husband selects the car and the wife picks out wallpaper.
C) The wife selects the car and the husband picks out wallpaper.
D) The wife selects the car and the wallpaper.

Question 53

According to family systems theory,a young married man who shares household tasks with his wife is likely to _____ when he visits his parents who maintain traditional gender roles.

A) help his mother wash the dishes
B) visit with his father in the living room while his mother washes the dishes
C) return to the behavior expected by his family of origin
D) return to the behavior expected by his family of origin and visit with his father in the living room while his mother washes the dishes

Question 54

Which theory links gender role development to the maturation of the child's thinking processes?

A) Social learning theory.
B) Cognitive development theory.
C) Family systems theory.
D) Feminist framework.

Question 55

Nadia has taken the view that as children's thinking about gender develops so does their knowledge about gender stereotypes and values.She most likely has adopted the perspective of:

A) social learning theory.
B) cognitive development theory.
C) family systems theory.
D) feminist framework.

Question 56

Rowan believes that women should be paid the same amount as their male counterparts at work.He most likely has adopted the perspective of:

A) social learning theory.
B) cognitive development theory.
C) family systems theory.
D) the feminist framework.

Question 57

Gender role stereotypes are the individual's sense of being male or female.

Question 58

Authority is shared and decisions are made on a joint basis.This exemplifies a:

A) syncratic power pattern.
B) autonomic power pattern.
C) competitive symmetry.
D) submissive symmetry.
E) complementary interaction.

Question 59

Which power pattern has the couple sharing in the decision making process?

A) wife-dominant
B) egalitarian
C) husband-dominant
D) syncratic

Question 60

Gender identity is a sense of being male or female and what that means in today's society.

Question 61

Social learning and cognitive development theories were synthesized to describe the effect of positive labeling of gender-specific behaviors on a child's motivation to perform these behaviors.

Question 62

The author determined that emotion work is a gender issue that looks different for men and women.

Question 63

A mid-1990s Gallup Poll survey of people in 22 countries found that,across cultures,men were perceived as more aggressive,ambitious,and courageous than women.

Question 64

Family power is defined as the ability of one individual to change the behavior of the other family members.

Question 65

Talcott Parsons's theory was criticized because it focused on the problems of traditional family structure and ignored its positive aspects.

Question 66

Although many egalitarian couples believe that housework should be shared equally between husbands and wives,in the U.S.,wives still bear almost all the responsibility for the housework.

Question 67

Because people today may be caring for aging parents as well as their own children and because there are more types of families than in previous years,the work and family relationship is even more complex.

Question 68

American Indian culture is generally more male-centered than Mexican American or African American cultures,as evidenced by the prohibition against women in tribal government.

Question 69

Family power outcomes are commonly studied by observational research that measures family members' assertive statements and their consequences.

Question 70

Phrases like "the opposite sex" accentuate the differences between men and women,and phrases like "the other gender" are less likely to reinforce gender stereotypes.

Question 71

Gender-based language reinforces the misguided notion that men are more competent and rational than women.

Question 72

Feminist framework rejects traditional masculine characteristics.

Question 73

The unequal division of emotion work affects men's marital satisfaction more than women's.

Question 74

Time-based demands focus on the idea that time at work means less time for family life.

Question 75

Mental work includes listening closely to a partner's thoughts.