Deck 13: Work and Leisure

Question 1

Sonya works at a soup kitchen, and she loves to help the hundreds of people she feeds on a daily basis. Which of Lips-Wiersma's meanings of work does Sonya's work most likely provide her with?

A) ability to serve others
B) ability to express herself
C) ability to unite with others
D) ability to develop and become herself

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to Hance (2000), which of the following is a belief held by young people about the meanings they will obtain from work?

A) They are working to achieve peer recognition.
B) They are working to achieve social influence.
C) They are working to achieve financial independence.
D) They are working to achieve self-efficacy.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Cameron works as an executive with an engineering firm which places a great deal of value on environmental sustainability, recycling, and corporate responsibility to employees. These company goals are also important to Cameron. Which of the following terms describes the relationship between Cameron's company's goals and his own personal intentions?

A) synchronized satisfaction
B) contemporary corporate values
C) interconnected mission and goals
D) meaning-mission fit

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Last year, Mark took his first job, as a sales representative with a major corporation. Since then he has done such a fine job that he has been promoted twice. Which of Super's phases of occupational development is Mark probably in?

A) implementation
B) maintenance
C) establishment
D) deceleration

Question 5

According to Lips-Wiersma (2003), which of the following is one of the four common meanings people derive from work?

A) developing tolerance
B) economic independence
C) union with others
D) being financially independent

Question 6

When do Super's theory of occupational development stages begin?

A) in adolescence
B) in young adulthood
C) in middle childhood
D) in middle adulthood

Question 7

Ursula has visions of what being a journalist will be like. She has many ideas about what it will be like to go and interview interesting people while travelling around the world, and what life will be like in her working years. According to Holland, what personality type, related to her future occupation, does Ursula have?

A) artistic
B) investigative
C) enterprising
D) realistic

Question 8

What sort of workers are most likely to derive meaning from their work?

A) The kind of occupation has no effect on the need to derive meaning from work.
B) Professionals are much more likely to derive meaning from their work than labourers.
C) Labourers are more likely to derive meaning from their work than professionals.
D) Highly educated workers are more likely to derive meaning from their work than poorly educated workers.

Question 9

Super's theory of occupational development places individuals along a continuum. What does the continuum measure?

A) job satisfaction
B) occupational priorities
C) comparable worth
D) vocational maturity

Question 10

Melissa had visions of becoming an electrical engineer. Throughout her college career, her physics professors continually told her she would never make it, and that women just weren't cut out for the profession, even though she made good grades. Eventually, Melissa graduated and did very well at her job as an electrical engineer and her boss rewarded her with a senior management position. What is the name for the type of advancement that Melissa has received?

A) promotion
B) occupational progression
C) favouritism
D) commendation

Question 11

Which of the following was listed by your textbook as the main purpose of working?

A) being able to manage the challenge of a family and household at the same time
B) helping to develop a sense of worth in oneself
C) earning a living
D) learning how to cope with stress

Question 12

According to the textbook, which of the following individuals is considered to be a "fast-tracker"?

A) Justin Bieber
B) Hailey Wickenheiser
C) Carly-Rae Jepsen
D) Justin Trudeau

Question 13

Social cognitive theorists believe that one's career choice is heavily influenced by which of the following factors?

A) one's age
B) one's gender
C) one's interests
D) one's intelligence

Question 14

According to Lang and Lee (2005), along with one's sense of identity, one's occupation is key to which of the following?

A) self-efficacy
B) pride
C) financial worth
D) reputation

Question 15

According to the text, which of the following personality types are women more likely to possess than men?

A) investigative
B) realistic
C) artistic
D) enterprising

Question 16

When does preparation for the world of work begin?

A) with the part-time employment positions we hold prior to the age of 20 years
B) when we choose our interest-geared post-secondary educational program
C) when we enter high school and are streamed according to future goals
D) with the pretend play of children

Question 17

What does the term "fast-tracker" refer to?

A) someone who skips the typical educational requirements for an occupation
B) someone who experiences rapid occupational advancement
C) a woman who surpasses men of equal skill in a particular occupation
D) someone who retires earlier than age 65 years

Question 18

Rachel, a caring and compassionate woman, has always wanted to help people and heal them, and so she studied and became a nurse. Whose theory of occupational choice supports Rachel's occupational choice to become a nurse?

A) Donald Super
B) Albert Bandura
C) John Holland
D) Nancy Betz

Question 19

According to Holland (1997), how many personality types are optimally related to our choice of occupation?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Question 20

Who would most likely be giving a speech titled "Personality and Vocational Choice?"

A) John Holland
B) Donald Super
C) Nancy Betz
D) Jan Sinnott

Question 21

Priscilla is having a difficult time finding someone who can mentor her on her new middle-management position. What is the likely reason?

A) There are few women in management positions who could mentor her.
B) Economic uncertainty prevents mentoring from occurring.
C) Mentoring is only beneficial for new employees to a company.
D) Only senior management can mentor a middle manager.

Question 22

Eddie is an autoworker on an assembly line. When asked to comment on his job, Eddie says, "First, I am a nothing to this company. Second, my 'do-nothing' job serves no purpose in the production of automobiles." How would you best describe Eddie?

A) He is burned-out.
B) He is generative.
C) He is having poor occupational priorities.
D) He is alienated.

Question 23

Julie is a female lawyer who has a female mentor. How is Julie most likely to differ from her female colleagues who have male mentors?

A) Julie is likely to be less satisfied with her career.
B) Julie is likely to experience more work-family conflict.
C) Julie is likely to be less intent to continue to practise law.
D) Julie is likely to make less money.

Question 24

Max and Jeff both work at the glue factory. Recently, Max, who is a more experienced worker, has begun to establish a protégé-mentor relationship with Jeff. As this process that just begun, which phase is it in?

A) initiation
B) separation
C) redefinition
D) cultivation

Question 25

Since being promoted to an executive position a year ago, Alison has begun to spend only 8 hours a day at work, instead of 10 or 12. In addition, she now allows her representatives to make many of the business trips she used to enjoy making. Which of Super's phases of occupational development is Alison most likely in?

A) retirement
B) maintenance
C) establishment
D) implementation

Question 26

Who is likely experiencing the most reality shock?

A) John, who just started his first college course
B) Wendy, who just started her first full-time job
C) Lionel, who is changing jobs at age 45
D) Bonnie, who is about to retire

Question 27

Which manager has the best strategy for preventing alienation in company workers?

A) Judith, who wants to cut salaries to increase the likelihood that workers will continue because they like their job, not because they make money
B) Michael, who wants to help alleviate job stress by making sure workers know nothing of the day-to-day operations of the company
C) Colleen, who wants to include workers in the company's decision-making process
D) Dennis, who wants to have employees work weekends with no discussion or input from the employees

Question 28

Serving as a mentor has helped Jaclyn feel like she's contributed significantly to the long-term success of the organization. Which of Erikson's phases has this role helped her fulfill?

A) identity
B) basic trust
C) generativity
D) intimacy

Question 29

According to Chen, Aryee, and Lee (2005), which of the following attributes will help to improve a worksite in which employees feel alienated?

A) trust
B) loyalty
C) honesty
D) fairness

Question 30

According to Aasland, Rosta, and Nylenna (2010), who should have the lowest job satisfaction as he/she ages?

A) Lorenzo, who is relatively underpaid
B) Paul, who works in a blue-collar position
C) Kristie, who is unhappy with her working environment
D) Marie, who works in a white-collar position

Question 31

The hot dog processing factory that Oliver works at recently instituted a total quality management (TQM) program. If this was done in response to workers' complaints, what were their complaints most likely about?

A) alienation
B) career plateauing
C) age discrimination
D) a glass ceiling

Question 32

If he is like most alienated workers, how would Rocky be most likely to explain his feelings about his job?

A) "My pay sucks."
B) "My job is meaningless; I'm nothing more than a replaceable part."
C) "I could really use a mentor."
D) "Most days on the job I really like my responsibilities, but there are some days I'd rather forget."

Question 33

Which of the following individuals is likely to experience burnout?

A) Freddy, who is an auto mechanic
B) Patricia, who is an ER nurse
C) Samuel, who is a university professor
D) Elizabeth, who is a dog groomer

Question 34

How are mentoring and generativity related?

A) Mentoring is one avenue for expressing generativity.
B) Generativity causes mentoring.
C) Individuals who mentor are less likely to express generativity.
D) Mentoring is done by the employee, and generativity is done by the employer.

Question 35

Frank has been assigned to work with Sam, a new plumber at their company. Frank works with Sam and teaches him new techniques of the trade. At what stage of the mentor relationship have Frank and Sam arrived?

A) redefinition
B) initiation
C) cultivation
D) separation

Question 36

According to research, which generation has or will change occupations more often?

A) baby boom generation
B) millennial generation
C) generation Z
D) generation Y

Question 37

What happens to job satisfaction over time?

A) It does not increase with age in all job types and areas.
B) It remains stable across time.
C) It increases with age, no matter what.
D) It follows no clear pattern.

Question 38

Though Jenny has not decided on a career, she has taken a number of temporary jobs in hope of finding something she really likes. Which of Super's phases of occupational development is Jenny most likely in?

A) deceleration
B) establishment
C) implementation
D) maintenance

Question 39

Seventy-year-old Grant is planning to stop working full-time at the end of the year. Which of Super's phases of occupational development is Grant is most likely in?

A) deceleration
B) establishment
C) retirement
D) maintenance

Question 40

When Debra started her new job, she met Rosalind, an experienced worker who took Debra "under her wing." Rosalind gave Debra many pointers, and was always there when Debra had a question about what to do or why she needed to do it. What role did Rosalind serve for Debra?

A) mentor
B) counselor
C) advisor
D) consultant

Question 41

Terri has an MBA and has worked full-time for the past five years. Recently, she has decided to work only part-time. What is the most likely reason for the change?

A) resentment from her husband
B) a change in health
C) guilt over violating traditional gender role behaviour
D) family obligations

Question 42

Candice is a semi-truck driver. How is she most likely to be viewed by males and females?

A) Males and females will view her with disapproval.
B) Males will view her with disapproval, females with approval.
C) Males will view her with approval, females with disapproval.
D) Males and females will view her with approval.

Question 43

Who is most likely to experience burnout?

A) Michael, who is a factory worker
B) Natalie, who is a business executive
C) Tom, who is a Grade 3 teacher
D) Juliana, who is a musician

Question 44

Beatrice simply has no energy left for her job. She is totally unmotivated and feels as though the company she works for is taking advantage of her. What is she experiencing?

A) alienation
B) burnout
C) depression
D) a glass ceiling

Question 45

John experiences a high level of obsessive passion for his work in the military. As a result of this passion, what is John most likely to experience?

A) early retirement
B) burnout
C) a promotion
D) post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 46

According to the Canadian Labour Congress, what percentage of women are employed in business/finance and sciences/engineering types of jobs?

A) 7%
B) 16%
C) 22%
D) 34%

Question 47

Who is most likely to be most concerned about child care?

A) Gina, who is a professional
B) Mary, who works full-time
C) Kristin, who is a blue-collar worker
D) Lisa, who works part-time

Question 48

What is one of the largest roadblocks to adequately understanding the reasons why men and women choose traditional or non-traditional occupations?

A) We have yet to define what we mean when we talk about traditional and non-traditional occupations.
B) There is a lack of research examining the differences between individuals who hold traditional vs. non-traditional occupations.
C) There is not enough research interest in this area.
D) There are still too few women entering non-traditional fields to warrant extensive research into this issue.

Question 49

Valerie is a teacher at a local daycare. She also teaches Brownies because she loves to work with young girls in her community, and she devotes hours of her time to her volunteer work with the Brownies. What type of strong inclination does Valerie experience?

A) fervour
B) zeal
C) obsession
D) passion

Question 50

What is one way to avoid burnout?

A) raise workers' expectations of themselves
B) eliminate workers' expectations of themselves
C) lower workers' expectations of themselves
D) maintain workers' expectations of themselves

Question 51

Who would be most likely to say, "My values are unsupported?"

A) Faith, who is a construction worker
B) Hannah, who is a professional hockey goalie
C) Cheryl, who is a high school chemistry teacher
D) Joy, who is a secretary at an all-male law firm

Question 52

What tends to lead to occupational burnout?

A) excessive pressure to perform
B) excessive disconnection from co-workers
C) excessive underutilization
D) excessive belief that one's job really doesn't matter to the company

Question 53

In which case is Kelly most likely to be employed in a traditionally male occupation?

A) if she had a female mentor
B) if she is quiet and accommodating
C) if she can convince herself that she can be successful in the job
D) if she has a non-threatening demeanour

Question 54

What is a "glass ceiling?"

A) a barrier preventing advancement in a company
B) a sex-based form of rapid advancement in a company
C) an example of the use of the reasonable woman standard
D) a method for encouraging mentoring of ethnic minority workers.

Question 55

In a study conducted in India, how did both women and men feel with regard to their roles in gender-related employment?

A) more respect for males holding male-dominated occupations in comparison to females holding these same jobs
B) equal respect for males and females performing traditionally male occupational roles
C) distain for any woman who would consider holding a traditionally male occupation
D) that woman who held traditionally male occupational roles must have greater abilities than their male counterparts in the occupation

Question 56

According to the Canadian Labour Congress (2008), men hold what proportion of senior management positions, as compared to women?

A) 2 times more
B) 3 times more
C) 4 times more
D) 5 times more

Question 57

Who is likely viewed negatively by both her male and female friends?

A) Bonita, who loves her job as a day-care worker
B) Dana, who hates her job as a school cook
C) Amanda, who loves her job as a nuclear scientist
D) Isabelle, who hates her job as a nurse

Question 58

Who is most likely to end up in a traditional female occupation?

A) Colleen, whose mother did not work outside the home
B) Paige, who attended a single-sex high school
C) Jane, who has two brothers and a sister
D) Susan, whose mother is a doctor

Question 59

Belinda is a supervisor for a male-dominated architectural firm. How will her colleagues most likely view Belinda, who is the only female in a managerial position?

A) with respect
B) with envy
C) with admiration
D) with negativity

Question 60

Marisa (who is European Canadian) and her female friend Destiny (who is African Canadian) are both pursuing careers in traditionally male occupations. How is their preparation likely to differ?

A) Marisa will become more educated than is necessary for the position.
B) Destiny will become more educated than is necessary for the position.
C) Marisa will not receive negative reactions to her decision.
D) Destiny will not receive negative reactions to her decision.

Question 61

Donalda has a university degree in psychology, yet she does not earn as much as her male colleagues who have similar qualifications. According to the text, what is the pay gap percentage between men and women in a situation such as this?

A) 47%
B) 54%
C) 68%
D) 73%

Question 62

What is the main reason for the lack for women in positions of power in the corporate world?

A) sex discrimination
B) affirmative action
C) work overload
D) a lack of qualified candidates

Question 63

Although she is well liked within the organization and in no danger of losing her job, Tammy has not been promoted for some time, due to the fact that she has not kept up with the technological advances in her field. What is Tammy most likely experiencing?

A) the glass ceiling
B) a career plateau
C) burnout
D) vocational maturity

Question 64

Troy is a 55-year-old worker who, despite having a very good work record, has been passed up for promotion many times in favour of workers with lesser records. What is Troy most likely a victim of?

A) the glass ceiling
B) pay discrimination
C) role conflict
D) age discrimination

Question 65

Under what legislation it is illegal for employers to discriminate on the basis of age?

A) the Employment Standards Act
B) the Labour Relations Act of Canada
C) the Canadian Human Rights Act
D) the Criminal Code of Canada

Question 66

What would break down a "glass ceiling?"

A) hiring more females
B) paying females at an equable level as males
C) faster promotion of women to upper-tier jobs
D) more female mentors

Question 67

Under which legislation is every employee is entitled to work in an environment free of harassment?

A) Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
B) Canada Labour Code
C) Criminal Code of Canada
D) Workers Compensation

Question 68

When Brent applies for a job as a shoe salesperson, he is told, "Right now we are only hiring females." What does this case illustrate?

A) comparable worth
B) sex discrimination
C) a glass ceiling
D) harassment

Question 69

Who is most likely to experience sexual harassment?

A) Laura, who is 35 and lives with her partner
B) Julie, who is 22 and single
C) Cassandra, who is 28 and married
D) Monica, who is 46 and divorced

Question 70

Robert (a male) and Julia (a female) are employed in the same occupation. If pay for the two follow the pattern for the average Canadian female and male, for every $100 earned by Robert, how much could Julia expect to earn?

A) $99
B) $95
C) $85
D) $71

Question 71

Getting a more extensive education is one benefit of which of the following?

A) the reasonable woman standard
B) the glass ceiling
C) role conflict
D) changing occupations

Question 72

A manufacturing company wants 55-year-old Nina to retire from her job, but she refuses. In response, the company changes her job so that instead of having to stack 80 twenty-pound packages an hour she now has to stack 20 eighty-pound packages. What is this case most likely an example of?

A) sexual harassment
B) age discrimination
C) comparable worth
D) a glass ceiling

Question 73

Assistant-manager Tina just found out that she earns $10,000 per year less than Jeff, another assistant-manager with the same exact educational background and experience. What is Tina a victim of?

A) the glass ceiling
B) the glass cliff
C) comparable worth
D) pay discrimination

Question 74

Fran finds that no matter what she does or how well she performs, she cannot get promoted above a certain mid-management position in her company. What is Fran most likely experiencing?

A) burnout
B) alienation
C) role conflict
D) a glass ceiling

Question 75

Jim has worked in the same service sector job for 30 years and was recently passed over for a promotion despite having no poor performance reviews in his entire time with the company. The position was given to his 37-year-old colleague. What is this case most likely an example of?

A) gender harassment
B) age discrimination
C) glass ceiling effects
D) fast tracking

Question 76

In which of the following scenarios is a woman likely to be put into a leadership position?

A) when financial performance for a company is good
B) when an inexperienced male applies for the same position
C) when a male takes a leave of absence
D) when a crisis situation occurs

Question 77

What approximate percentage of females will face some type of sexual harassment in the workplace?

A) 75%
B) 80%
C) 85%
D) 90%

Question 78

In which of the following countries is age discrimination common for those over 45 years of age?

A) Germany
B) Italy
C) United States of America
D) Mexico

Question 79

In order to help their employees move from one job to another, and in order to meet the challenges of a global economy, what must corporations offer as part of their employee development programs?

A) retraining
B) flexible scheduling
C) occupational priorities
D) comparable worth

Question 80

You have been hired as a consultant to work with a company to determine which female-dominated positions within the company are equivalent to which male-dominated positions within the same company. What is your area of expertise?

A) pay equity
B) work-family conflict
C) sexual harassment
D) the glass ceiling