Deck 24: Biomolecules: Nucleic Acids and Their Metabolism

Question 1

Which reagent is used to accelerate coupling reactions in both laboratory peptide synthesis and laboratory DNA synthesis?

A) catalytic H⁺
B) dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC)
C) ethyl chloroformate
D) NaOH
E) PhS− NH₄⁺

Answer 1

dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC)

Question 2

DNA can best be described as

A) two backbones of alternating deoxyribose and nitrogenous base on the exterior, with phosphates on the interior
B) two backbones of alternating deoxyribose and nitrogenous base on the interior, with phosphates on the exterior
C) two backbones of alternating deoxyribose and phosphate on the exterior, with nitrogenous bases on the interior
D) two backbones of alternating deoxyribose and phosphate on the interior, with nitrogenous bases on the exterior
E) two backbones of alternating nitrogenous base and phosphate on the exterior, with deoxyriboses on the interior

Answer 2

two backbones of alternating deoxyribose and phosphate on the exterior, with nitrogenous bases on the interior

Question 3

Consider the RNA dinucleotide GU.
a)Draw the full structure of the RNA dinucleotide GU and label the 3' and 5' ends.
b)How would this dinucleotide differ if found in DNA?

Answer 3

a) b)The ribose sugar would deoxyribose and the base uracil would be replaced with thymine.

Question 4

What is the anticodon sequence in tRNA that corresponds the following segment of mRNA?
(5') CUU−AGC−UGG−CCC(3')

Question 5

Describe, in general terms, the steps involved in the automated synthesis of the DNA sequence GCT.

Question 6

What amino acid sequence is coded by the following segment of DNA?
(5') TTA−GCC−GTA−CTA−AAA (3')

Question 7

Which is true?

A) Both DNA and RNA are completely double-stranded.
B) Both DNA and RNA are completely single-stranded.
C) Both DNA and RNA contain ribose.
D) Both DNA and RNA contain uracil.
E) Both DNA and RNA contain phosphate.

Question 8

What sequence of bases on the second strand of DNA is complementary to the following?
(5') GCATTA (3')

Question 9

Which of the following is 2-deoxy-D-ribose? A B C D ​

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 10

Answer the following questions.
a)If the following segment of mRNA
(5') CUU−AGC−UGG−CCC (3')
was changed to
(5') CUU−AGC−UGG−CCU (3')
how would the synthesized protein change?
b)If the following segment of mRNA
(5') CUU−AGC−UGG−CCC (3')
was changed to
(5') CUU−AGC−UGA−CCU (3')
how would the synthesized protein change?

Question 11

The bond between the nitrogenous base and the sugar in a nucleoside is a glycosidic bond. Which type of reagent should cleave this bond?

A) acid
B) base
C) acid or base
D) neither acid nor base
E) It depends on which nitrogenous base and which sugar are present.

Question 12

Consider the following structure. a)Circle any nucleoside.
b)Draw a box around any nucleotide.
c)
Identify as DNA or RNA.

Question 13

What mRNA sequence is complementary to the following DNA base sequence?
(5') TAAGGCGATA (3')

Question 14

In some instances, base pairs other than the familiar G−C and A−T matches can form. For these alternate pairs to form, one of the two bases must tautomerize. Based on this information, draw a C−A pair and determine the number of hydrogen bonds that would stabilize the pair.

Question 15

How many hydrogen bonds are present in a G−C base pair and an A−T base pair, respectively?

A) 1, 2
B) 2, 2
C) 2, 3
D) 3, 2
E) 3, 3

Question 16

A double-stranded DNA molecule that contains 22%, on a mole basis, T must also contain

A) 11% G
B) 22% G
C) 28% G
D) 56% G
E) 78% G

Question 17

Base pairs in DNA are

A) parallel to each other and parallel to the long axis of the DNA molecule
B) parallel to each other and perpendicular to the long axis of the DNA molecule
C) parallel to each other, with random orientations to the long axis of the DNA molecule
D) perpendicular to each other, with every other base pair parallel to the long axis of the DNA molecule
E) perpendicular to each other, with random orientations to the long axis of the DNA molecule

Question 18

Rank DNA, mRNA, and tRNA from largest to smallest.

A) DNA > mRNA > tRNA
B) DNA > tRNA > mRNA
C) mRNA > tRNA > DNA
D) mRNA > DNA > tRNA
E) tRNA > mRNA > DNA

Question 19

The phosphodiester linkages in DNA and in RNA are, respectively:

A) 2' to 3', 3' to 2'
B) 2' to 5', 5' to 2'
C) 3' to 5', 5' to 3'
D) 3' to 5', 3' to 5'
E) 5' to 5', 3' to 3'

Question 20

Which of the following characterizes the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

A) produces multiple copies of DNA segments
B) requires small amount of the source DNA
C) the key to the process is a thermally stable enzyme
D) involves temperature cycling
E) all of these

Question 21

Match each of the following terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term and structures may be used more than once.
process by which mRNA is synthesized

A)Sanger dideoxy method
B)GAUCGUAAA
C)Watson-Crick
D)translation
E)
F)
G)transcription
H)Maxam-Gilbert method
I)AUGGCUGAG
J)replication
K)
L)
M)AGATCGCTC

Question 22

Match each of the following terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term and structures may be used more than once.
DNA base sequence with cytosine at the 3' end.

A)Sanger dideoxy method
B)GAUCGUAAA
C)Watson-Crick
D)translation
E)
F)
G)transcription
H)Maxam-Gilbert method
I)AUGGCUGAG
J)replication
K)
L)
M)AGATCGCTC

Question 23

Match each of the following terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term and structures may be used more than once.
a purine nucleotide

A)Sanger dideoxy method
B)GAUCGUAAA
C)Watson-Crick
D)translation
E)
F)
G)transcription
H)Maxam-Gilbert method
I)AUGGCUGAG
J)replication
K)
L)
M)AGATCGCTC

Question 24

Match each of the following terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term and structures may be used more than once.
uridine

A)Sanger dideoxy method
B)GAUCGUAAA
C)Watson-Crick
D)translation
E)
F)
G)transcription
H)Maxam-Gilbert method
I)AUGGCUGAG
J)replication
K)
L)
M)AGATCGCTC

Question 25

Which of the following is uridine? A B C D ​

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 26

Match each of the following terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term and structures may be used more than once.
RNA base sequence complementary to the DNA base sequence which codes for Leu−Ala−Phe:
CTAGCATTT

A)Sanger dideoxy method
B)GAUCGUAAA
C)Watson-Crick
D)translation
E)
F)
G)transcription
H)Maxam-Gilbert method
I)AUGGCUGAG
J)replication
K)
L)
M)AGATCGCTC

Question 27

Which of the following is a definition of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

A) RNA found in the ribosome, the site in cells where synthesis of proteins takes place
B) RNA which carries a specific amino acid to the site of protein synthesis
C) RNA which has coded genetic information
D) RNA which signals cell death

Question 28

Match each of the following terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term and structures may be used more than once.
2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate

A)Sanger dideoxy method
B)GAUCGUAAA
C)Watson-Crick
D)translation
E)
F)
G)transcription
H)Maxam-Gilbert method
I)AUGGCUGAG
J)replication
K)
L)
M)AGATCGCTC

Question 29

What sequence is fully complementary to the following sequence? (5') ATCTAGTCA (3')

A) (5') TAGATCAGT (3')
B) (5') TGACTAGAT (3')
C) (5') ATCTAGTCA (3')
D) (5') ACTGATCTA (3')

Question 30

Match each of the following terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term and structures may be used more than once.
DNA sequencing method for the human genome

A)Sanger dideoxy method
B)GAUCGUAAA
C)Watson-Crick
D)translation
E)
F)
G)transcription
H)Maxam-Gilbert method
I)AUGGCUGAG
J)replication
K)
L)
M)AGATCGCTC

Question 31

Match each of the following terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term and structures may be used more than once.
a pyrimidine nucleoside

A)Sanger dideoxy method
B)GAUCGUAAA
C)Watson-Crick
D)translation
E)
F)
G)transcription
H)Maxam-Gilbert method
I)AUGGCUGAG
J)replication
K)
L)
M)AGATCGCTC

Question 32

Which of the following is deoxyadenosine? A B C D ​

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 33

Which of the following represents the general sequence of events in the catabolism of nucleic acids?

A) hydrolysis, dephosphorylation, cleavage of the sugar
B) cleavage of the sugar, dephosphorylation, hydrolysis
C) dephosphorylation, hydrolysis, cleavage of the sugar
D) hydrolysis, cleavage of the sugar, dephosphorylation
E) dephosphorylation, cleavage of the sugar, hydrolysis

Question 34

Match each of the following terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term and structures may be used more than once.
RNA base sequence with guanine at the 3' end.

A)Sanger dideoxy method
B)GAUCGUAAA
C)Watson-Crick
D)translation
E)
F)
G)transcription
H)Maxam-Gilbert method
I)AUGGCUGAG
J)replication
K)
L)
M)AGATCGCTC