Deck 6: Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Question 1

The attraction of molecules for molecules of the another kind is called

A)covalent bonding.
B)adhesion.
C)polarity.
D)molecular hold.
E)cohesion.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The upward movement of water against gravity is called

A)adhesion.
B)surface tension.
C)capillary action.
D)vacuum suction.
E)cohesion.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The movement of water throughout the atmosphere,hydrosphere,lithosphere,and biosphere is known as the

A)biogeochemical cycle.
B)hydroflux.
C)capillary movement.
D)hydrologic cycle.
E)water flow.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The density of pure ice is

A)1.75 times greater than that of water.
B)1.43 times greater than that of water.
C)0.91 times less than that of water.
D)0.45 times less than that of water.
E)the same as water.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of deposition?

A)water freezing to ice
B)ice melting to water
C)water vapor condensing into liquid
D)water vapor freezing to ice
E)ice vaporization to a gas

Question 6

The attraction of molecules for molecules of the same kind is called

A)covalent bonding.
B)adhesion.
C)polarity.
D)molecular hold.
E)cohesion.

Question 7

The ability of water to "climb" in a cylinder tube is an example of

A)barometric pressure.
B)surface tension.
C)capillary action.
D)vacuum suction.
E)adhesion.

Question 8

Below a temperature of 4°C (39°F),water and its density .

A)contracts;increases
B)contracts;decreases
C)expands;increases
D)expands;decreases
E)remains in its liquid state until 0°C (32°F);is constant

Question 9

Out of all the water present in the Earth systems,is stored in the atmosphere.

A)less than 0.03%
B)approximately 2%
C)a variable amount,but averaging 50%
D)15%
E)~3% at the equator and ~1% at the poles

Question 10

is amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water at 15°C by 1 degree Celsius.

A)Adhesion
B)A calorie
C)Cohesion
D)Hydrogen bonding
E)Capillary action

Question 11

A steel needle,though denser than water,can float lengthwise on a surface of water.This is possible due to

A)specific heat.
B)kinetic energy.
C)surface tension.
D)capillarity.
E)meniscus.

Question 12

The process partly responsible for pulling water from plant roots upward through the narrow,porous stem and into the plant body is

A)adhesion.
B)surface tension.
C)capillary action.
D)vacuum suction.
E)cohesion.

Question 13

Water beads on a nasturtium leaf Water forms beads on a leaf because

A)cohesion between the leaf and water molecules is greater than cohesion between water molecules.
B)cohesion and adhesion are equal causing water droplets to bunch together on the leaf.
C)the leaf contains a thin,waxy layer that repels the water molecules,which then adhere to one another.
D)the capillary action of water causes water molecules to form larger droplets.
E)cohesion between water molecules is strong than adhesion between the leaf and water molecules.

Question 14

The heat energy involved in the change of state,or phase,in water is

A)mechanical heat.
B)sensible heat.
C)fusion heat.
D)latent heat.
E)kinetic energy.

Question 15

The process of sublimation would result in

A)liquid water.
B)water vapor.
C)frost.
D)ice.
E)snow.

Question 16

Which of the following phase changes of water is incorrectly matched?

A)deposition - gas to solid
B)vaporization - solid to gas
C)melting - solid to liquid
D)condensation - gas to liquid
E)sublimation - solid to gas

Question 17

Which of the following related to phase changes of water is incorrectly matched?

A)sublimation - energy absorbed
B)deposition - energy released
C)evaporation - energy released
D)melting - energy absorbed
E)condensation - energy released

Question 18

Which of the following best describing hydrogen bonding in water?

A)The positive hydrogen side of a water molecule attracts the negative oxygen side.
B)The positive oxygen side of a water molecule attracts the negative hydrogen side.
C)Nuclear fusion occurs between the ends of water molecules.
D)Water molecules experience a strong gravitational attraction to one another.
E)There is no hydrogen bonding in a water molecule.

Question 19

The hydrogen bonding in water creates ,a cohesive force that enables one to slightly overfill a glass with water or allows denser objects,such as a lengthwise steel needle,to float on water.

A)capillary action
B)surface tension
C)heat exchange
D)friction
E)phase change

Question 20

Water molecules bind tightly to one another.This is a result of

A)hydrogen gripping.
B)covalent bonding.
C)atomic friction.
D)molecular hold.
E)polarity.

Question 21

occurs when the relative humidity is 100%.

A)Saturation
B)Evaporation
C)Sublimation
D)Deposition
E)Transpiration

Question 22

In winter,freezing water can break pipes and even crack engine blocks.Why does this happen?

A)Water expands in volume as it freezes.
B)Ice is denser than water.
C)Water contracts as it cools and freezes.
D)It occurs because of the latent heat of fusion.
E)Ice is impure and causes corrosion.

Question 23

Which of the following is true regarding the evaporation of water?

A)The phase change involves the latent heat of sublimation.
B)The phase change involves the latent heat of evaporation.
C)The phase change involves the latent heat of deposition.
D)The phase change involves the latent heat of condensation.
E)The phase change involves the latent heat of respiration.

Question 24

Latent Energy absorbed and released during phase changes of water The latent heat of melting and the latent heat of freezing involve the absorption or release of
Calories per gram of water changing state.

A)80
B)100
C)540
D)585
E)0

Question 25

A humidity measure that remains constant as temperature and pressure change,and which is expressed as a mass of water vapor (g)per mass of air (kg),is

A)specific humidity.
B)vapor pressure.
C)relative humidity.
D)the dew point.
E)absolute humidity.

Question 26

The portion of air pressure exerted by water vapor is the

A)vapor pressure.
B)absolute humidity.
C)psychrometer.
D)dew point.
E)lifting condensation point.

Question 27

The point at which evaporation and condensation are in balance is

A)evaporation flux.
B)condensation equilibrium.
C)net condensation.
D)net evaporation.
E)saturation equilibrium.

Question 28

The amount of water vapor that can be present in the air is primarily a function of the

A)density.
B)volume.
C)pressure.
D)temperature.
E)altitude.

Question 29

When water condenses,it heat energy and the surrounding air.

A)absorbs;cools
B)absorbs heats
C)releases;cools
D)releases;heats
E)absorbs;has no impact on

Question 30

Which of the following is used to measure humidity?

A)aneroid barometer
B)hair hygrometer
C)anemometer
D)weather vane
E)thermometer

Question 31

At saturation,the further addition of water vapor or a decrease in temperature results in

A)condensation.
B)evaporation.
C)freezing.
D)sublimation.
E)transpiration.

Question 32

Water vapor in the atmosphere is called

A)water.
B)deposition.
C)sublimation.
D)humidity.
E)transpiration.

Question 33

When water evaporates,it heat energy and the surrounding air.

A)absorbs;cools
B)absorbs heats
C)releases;cools
D)releases;heats
E)absorbs;has no impact on

Question 34

Saturation specific humidity at various temperatures.Saturation specific humidity is the maximum possible water vapor in a mass of water vapor per unit mass of air (g/kg). If a kilogram of air at 20°C (68°F)has a specific humidity of 7.5 g/kg,the relative humidity is

A)10%.
B)25%.
C)50%.
D)75%.
E)100%.

Question 35

Assuming a Northern Hemisphere station,in which of the following months would the relative humidity likely be the highest?

A)January
B)March
C)July
D)September
E)December

Question 36

Saturation specific humidity at various temperatures.Saturation specific humidity is the maximum possible water vapor in a mass of water vapor per unit mass of air (g/kg). As temperature increases,the saturation specific humidity

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains constant.
D)changes in a random,unpredictable manner.
E)Air temperature has no effect on saturation specific humidity.

Question 37

Relative humidity is

A)the amount of water vapor in the air compared to the average amount.
B)the amount of moisture in the air relative to your one's senses.
C)the amount of water vapor in the air relative to the water vapor capacity of the air.
D)the amount of water in the air per volume of air.
E)a basically unused concept when it comes to weather topics.

Question 38

If the amount of water vapor in the air remained constant,but the air temperature increased throughout the day,the relative humidity would

A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)remain constant.
D)change in a random,unpredictable manner.
E)Air temperature has no effect on relative humidity.

Question 39

Latent Energy absorbed and released during phase changes of water Which of the following is true regarding the evaporation of water?

A)It requires the addition of 540 cal for each gram under normal sea level pressure.
B)It requires the loss of 540 cal for each gram under normal sea level pressure.
C)It requires the addition of 100 cal for each gram under normal sea level pressure.
D)It requires the loss of 100 cal for each gram under normal sea level pressure.
E)No latent energy is released or absorbed.

Question 40

As temperature increases,the amount of energy available for evaporation

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains constant.
D)changes in a random,unpredictable manner.
E)Air temperature has no effect on evaporation.

Question 41

The dry adiabatic rate (DAR)is
A)6 C° per 1000 m (3.3 F° per 1000 ft. ).

A)the rate used for a saturated parcel of air.
B)4.5 C° per 1000 m (2.5 F° per 1000 ft. ).
B)a term that refers to the temperature decrease in the still,calm air that surrounds a moving air parcel.
E)10 C° per 1000 m (5.5 F° per 1000 ft. ).

Question 42

Daily relative humidity patterns On a typical day,the point of lowest relative humidity is associated with

A)the time of the highest temperature.
B)the time of the lowest temperature.
C)solar noon.
D)dusk.
E)sunrise.

Question 43

Air that is not saturated will cool or heat at a rate of as it rises or descends,respectively.

A)10 C° per 1000 m (5.5 F° per 1000 ft. )
B)6 C° per 1000 m (3.3 F° per 1000 ft. )
C)6.4 C° per 1000 m (3.5 F° per 1000 ft. )
D)20 C° per 1000 m (11.97 F° per 1000 ft. )
E)4.5 C° per 1000 m (2.5 F° per 1000 ft. )

Question 44

The wet adiabatic rate is than the dry adiabatic rate because .

A)greater;condensation heats the air
B)greater;condensation cools the air
C)less;condensation heats the air
D)less;condensation cools the air
E)same as;no phase change of water occurs

Question 45

If you visited Mount Shasta City (elevation 900 m [3000 ft.])and found the outside air temperature to be 27°C (81°F),what would be the air temperature at the summit of Mount Shasta (elevation 4200 m [14,000 ft.])at that moment-assuming that the temperature conditions with altitude change at an average,or normal,lapse rate?

A)2°C (35.6°F)
B)48°C (118.4°F)
C)5.9°C (42.5°F)
D)10°C (39.2°F)
E)8.6°C (22.4°F)

Question 46

The general term that refers to the tendency of a parcel of air to either remain in place or change its initial position is

A)adiabatic.
B)stability.
C)conditional instability.
D)stasis.
E)buoyancy.

Question 47

Which of the following is correctly matched?

A)normal lapse rate-3.5 C°/1,000 m
B)environmental lapse rate-6.4 C°/1000 m
C)dry adiabatic rate-10 C°/1000 m
D)moist adiabatic lapse rate-15 C°/1000 m
E)experimental lapse rate-7.2 C°/1000 m

Question 48

The difference between the dry adiabatic rate and the moist adiabatic rate is on account of

A)the latent heat of condensation.
B)less atmospheric pressure.
C)altitudinal temperature differences.
D)the specific heat of water.
E)buoyance of a parcel of air.

Question 49

A pocket of air that has specific temperature and humidity characteristics is termed a(n)

A)adiabatic.
B)packet.
C)front.
D)buoy.
E)parcel.

Question 50

Which of the following normally would be true of the humidity above the hot,moist,tropical rain forests of the world?

A)The specific humidity would be low.
B)The relative humidity would be high.
C)The relative humidity would always equal the specific humidity.
D)The saturation vapor pressure would be low.
E)It is not possible to know with this information alone.

Question 51

Assume a warm air parcel,at sea level,has a temperature of 21°C (70°F)and begins to rise upward.Assume it becomes saturated at 1000 m (3300 ft)altitude,and continues to rise to 2000 m (6600 ft. )altitude.What would the approximate temperature of the parcel be at an elevation of 2000 m (6600 ft. )?

A)1°C (44.6°F)
B)5°C (46.4°F)
C)8.2°C (48.2°F)
D)9°C (41.°F)
E)8.6°C (22.4°F)

Question 52

Which of the following would be true of the humidity above the hot,dry,subtropical deserts of the world during the daytime?

A)The specific humidity would be low.
B)The relative humidity would be high.
C)The relative humidity would always equal the specific humidity.
D)The saturation vapor pressure would be low.
E)It is not possible to know with this information alone.

Question 53

An air parcel is considered unstable when it

A)either remains as it is,or changes its initial position.
B)continues to rise until it reaches an altitude at which the surrounding air has a similar temperature.
C)resists displacement upward.
D)ceases to ascend.
E)ceases to descend.

Question 54

A mass of air always becomes saturated when it reaches the

A)highest temperature of the day.
B)lowest temperature of the day.
C)specific humidity point.
D)dew-point temperature.
E)average temperature of the day.

Question 55

The two opposing forces determining the vertical position of a parcel of air are

A)buoyant force and gravitational force.
B)centrifugal force and Coriolis force.
C)Coriolis force and buoyant force.
D)gravitational force and pressure gradient force.
E)pressure gradient force and buoyant force.

Question 56

Daily relative humidity patterns. On a typical day,the point of highest relative humidity is associated with

A)the time of the highest temperature.
B)the time of the lowest temperature.
C)solar noon.
D)dusk.
E)sunrise.

Question 57

When temperatures are below freezing,the temperature at which air becomes saturated leading to the formation of frost is the

A)dew point.
B)frost point.
C)absolute humidity.
D)relative humidity.
E)lifting condensation point.

Question 58

The point where saturation begins in a rising air parcel is

A)the dry adiabatic rate.
B)the moist adiabatic rate.
C)the lifting condensation level.
D)cloud condensation nuclei.
E)latent heat of condensation.

Question 59

When stable air is forced to lift as it passes over a mountain range,the air may become saturated and condensation may occur.In this case,the air is

A)stable.
B)unstable.
C)conditionally unstable.
D)moderately stable.
E)conditionally stable.

Question 60

A parcel of air,with less than 100% relative humidity,that is rising because of heat energy derived from the surface is

A)stable.
B)unstable.
C)conditionally unstable.
D)moderately stable.
E)conditionally stable.

Question 61

Which cloud type can indicate an oncoming storm,especially if they thicken and lower in elevation?

A)altostratus
B)cumulus
C)stratocumulus
D)cirrus
E)lenticular

Question 62

The condensation process requires

A)dew-point temperatures alone.
B)condensation nuclei and saturated air.
C)moisture droplets.
D)condensation nuclei alone.
E)latent heat of sublimation.

Question 63

Condensation nuclei over the ocean consist primarily of

A)pieces of coral.
B)minute fragments of sea shells.
C)salt particles.
D)clay particles.
E)soot.

Question 64

High altitude wispy clouds made of ice crystals are classed as

A)cumuliform.
B)cirroform.
C)stratiform.
D)stratocumuliform.
E)nimbocirroform.

Question 65

Vertically developed puffy and globular clouds are classed as

A)cumuliform.
B)cirroform.
C)stratiform
D)stratocumuliform.
E)nimbocirroform.

Question 66

The prefix nimbo- and the suffix -nimbus mean

A)that clouds are generally forming.
B)clouds that occur in the middle altitudes (2000-6000 m).
C)that clouds are generally dissipating.
D)that the clouds are producing precipitation.
E)clouds with strong vertical development.

Question 67

Which type of cloud would dominate the weather in a region under the ITCZ?

A)cirrus
B)altostratus
C)cumulonimbus
D)cirrocumulus
E)altocumulus

Question 68

Stability-three examples.Specific examples of (a)unstable, (b)conditionally unstable,and (c)stable conditions in the lower atmosphere.Note the response to these three conditions in the air parcel on the right side of each diagram. When the environmental lapse rate is between the dry and moist adiabatic lapse rates,conditions are described as

A)adiabatic.
B)stability.
C)conditionally unstable.
D)unstable.
E)conditionally stable.

Question 69

Which of the following is a high altitude cloud?

A)stratus
B)cirrus
C)altocumulus
D)cumulus
E)nimbostratus

Question 70

A stratus cloud that produces precipitation is known as

A)cirrostratus.
B)stratocumulus.
C)nimbostratus.
D)altostratus.
E)stratus

Question 71

Which of the following is true regarding cirrostratus clouds?

A)They are uniform,featureless,and grey like high fog.
B)The Sun's outline is just visible through these clouds.
C)They form a veil of ice crystals that creates a halo around the Moon or Sun.
D)They are sharply outlined,and billowy.
E)They are high altitude clouds with a puffy appearance.

Question 72

Which of the following is a middle-level cloud type?

A)cirrostratus
B)stratocumulus
C)cumulonimbus
D)altostratus
E)stratus

Question 73

What type of cloud that has a thin wispy appearance,consists of ice crystals,and often precedes a warm front?

A)cirrus
B)stratocumulus
C)cumulonimbus
D)altostratus
E)nimbostratus

Question 74

Flat and layered clouds with horizontal development are classed as

A)cumuliform.
B)cirroform.
C)stratiform.
D)stratocumuliform.
E)nimbocirroform.

Question 75

Which of the following cloud type is associated with rain?

A)stratocumulus
B)cirrostratus
C)cirrus
D)cumulonimbus
E)lenticular

Question 76

Which of the following is true regarding condensation nuclei?

A)Maritime air masses generally possess more nuclei per cubic meter than continental air masses.
B)Condensation nuclei are rare in urban environments.
C)Continental air masses average about a billion nuclei per cubic meter.
D)Continental air masses contain more than 10 times the condensation nuclei of maritime air masses.
E)The difference in condensation nuclei between maritime and continental locations is not discernible.

Question 77

A thunderstorm is associated with clouds.

A)cirrostratus
B)stratocumulus
C)cumulonimbus
D)altostratus
E)lenticular

Question 78

A cloud is best described as a(n)

A)suspended raindrops that have not yet fallen under the force of gravity.
B)aggregated condensation nuclei.
C)visible aggregation of tiny moisture droplets and ice crystals suspended in the air.
D)uniform featureless smoke lighter than the force of gravity.
E)semi-ordered condensation nuclei and ice crystals.

Question 79

Clouds that have vertical development and produce thunderstorms are called

A)stratocumulus.
B)cumulonimbus.
C)nimbostratus.
D)cumulus.
E)cirrostratus.

Question 80

Which of the following are correctly matched?

A)flat or layered clouds - stratocumuliform
B)puffy or globular clouds - cirroform
C)puffy or globular clouds - cumuliform
D)high altitude wispy cloud - stratiform
E)wispy clouds - water droplets