Deck 13: Strategies to Improve Motor Function

Question 1

A patient practices the motor task of sit-to-stand during the morning treatment session and demonstrates improvement in performance.In the afternoon the therapist asks the patient to perform the same motor task and notes performance has remained the same.What is this an example of?

A)Retention
B)Generalizability
C)Skill transfer
D)Adaptability

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What two things are critical in the learning of new motor skills and the correction of ongoing movements?

A)Open-loop processes and motor plans
B)Closed-loop processes and motor plans
C)Open-loop processes and feedback
D)Closed-loop processes and feedback

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What would be an example of a task that would benefit from the use of tactile guidance?

A)A sitting and reaching task
B)Increasing speed of gait
C)Hopping on one foot
D)Rapid weight shifting

Answer 3

A

Question 4

If the therapist provides the patient with feedback on learning a motor task using a varied schedule,what changes in performance can be expected?

A)Slow improvement in performance,but good retention
B)Slow improvement in performance and poor retention
C)Rapid improvement in performance,but poor retention
D)Rapid improvement in performance and good retention

Question 5

While working on gait with a patient the therapist provides tactile cuing to improve the quality of movement.What type of feedback is this?

A)Knowledge of performance
B)Knowledge of results
C)Knowledge of trials
D)Knowledge of errors

Question 6

A patient is able to ambulate with a straight cane in a variety environments while talking with the therapist.What stage of motor learning is described?

A)Cognitive stage
B)Associative stage
C)Autonomous stage
D)Psychomotor stage

Question 7

What is an example of invariant characteristics of a motor program?

A)Velocity of gait
B)Range of motion during reaching
C)Basic order of stepping in gait
D)Rising from high and low chairs

Question 8

How do recall schema facilitate motor learning?

A)They control motor responses based on sensation.
B)They are used to remember previous movements.
C)They decrease the time to response of feedback.
D)They are used to select initial movement conditions.

Question 9

What strategy could the therapist use during the associative stage of learning a motor skill?

A)Increase the use of visual guidance of movement.
B)Provide constant tactile guidance during performance.
C)Encourage the patient to experience the feel of the movement.
D)Provide significant auditory feedback to the patient.

Question 10

What happens during the response programming stage of motor control?

A)The individual selects and identifies relevant stimuli based on many factors.
B)The individual responds to the stimuli with a general plan for movement.
C)The general plan for movement is converted into actual muscular actions.
D)The individual interprets the stimulus produced by the movement during it.

Question 11

What does Systems Theory assume?

A)Neural control of movement is coordinated by many interacting systems based on the demands of the specific task.
B)Neural control of movement occurs when a sensory stimulus produces a reflex response that presents as movement.
C)Neural control of movement occurs in a hierarchical manner with higher centers of the CNS controlling lower centers.
D)Neural control of movement occurs at three levels that are related hierarchically,but may act independently as well.

Question 12

How could the therapist facilitate active decision-making by the patient during motor learning?

A)Allow the patient to make significant errors without feedback.
B)Describe the motor task in detail to the patient prior to performance.
C)Tell the patient what movements she is performing correctly.
D)Ask the patient questions that promote self-monitoring of movement.

Question 13

What type of feedback is particularly important in the cognitive stage of motor learning?

A)Auditory
B)Visual
C)Tactile
D)Verbal

Question 14

The therapist provides the patient with feedback after every practice trial when learning a new motor task.What changes in performance can be expected?

A)Slow improvement in performance,but good retention
B)Slow improvement in performance and poor retention
C)Rapid improvement in performance,but poor retention
D)Rapid improvement in performance and good retention

Question 15

What strategy could the therapist use during the cognitive stage of learning a motor skill?

A)Correction of all errors in performance
B)Long,specific instructions for the task
C)Demonstration of the task by the therapist
D)Maintaining a "hands off" approach

Question 16

After practicing ambulating with a straight cane in the clinic environment,the patient is observed ambulating with the cane in the mall at the same skill level.What would this be an example of?

A)Retention of motor skills
B)Resistance to contextual change
C)Generalizability of motor tasks
D)Transferability of skills

Question 17

With practice,a motor skill is becoming more coordinated.there are fewer errors in performance,and the patient relates that he is beginning to get the "feel" of the movement.What stage of motor learning is described?

A)Cognitive stage
B)Associative stage
C)Autonomous stage
D)Psychomotor stage

Question 18

Why are motor programs important?

A)They control all the decisions that need to be made for coordinated,controlled movement.
B)They allow the individual to have slow,controlled movement based on feedback.
C)They reduce the degrees of freedom by allowing the nervous system to control synergistic groups of muscles.
D)They prevent the individual from making errors in movement patterns during movement.

Question 19

After performing a transfer the therapist encourages the patient to note that he completed the transfer successfully.What type of feedback is this?

A)Knowledge of performance
B)Knowledge of results
C)Knowledge of trials
D)Knowledge of errors

Question 20

A learner is developing an overall understanding of a skill with inconsistent performance and frequent errors.What stage of motor learning is described?

A)Cognitive stage
B)Associative stage
C)Autonomous stage
D)Psychomotor stage

Question 21

What is an advantage of using manual resistance for proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation patterns to facilitate strengthening?

A)The therapist can provide fixed resistance in midrange.
B)The therapist can adjust the resistance throughout the range.
C)The therapist can achieve overload of the muscle quickly.
D)The therapist can increase strength in straight plane movements.

Question 22

The patient is referred to physical therapy with moderate hemiparesis following a LCVA 4 days ago.The therapist determines that the patient can benefit from a strengthening program.What types of exercises should the therapist begin with?

A)Concentric contractions through full range of motion.
B)Concentric contractions emphasizing mid-range of motion.
C)Eccentric contractions through full range of motion.
D)Isometric contractions at mid-range of motion.

Question 23

A therapist chooses an intervention approach that includes primarily hands-on interventions,focusing on the affected extremities while limiting compensatory movements.The therapist's framework is

A)proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation.
B)neuromotor development training.
C)functional training.
D)integrating approaches.

Question 24

During stair climbing the patient demonstrates poor control of hip flexion secondary to weakness placing the foot on the step.What instruction could the therapist give the patient to improve control?

A)Try to step up as fast as you are able.
B)Move against maximal resistance.
C)Try moving slowly at first then faster.
D)Push against my hand as fast as you can.

Question 25

The therapist provides the patient with feedback about performance on a motor task after every four trials.What type of feedback is this?

A)Summed feedback
B)Faded feedback
C)Bandwidth feedback
D)Delayed feedback

Question 26

A therapist chooses interventions that utilize a hands-off approach.The patient is encouraged to perform as much of the motor task as possible while focusing on the specific task.The therapist's framework is

A)proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation.
B)neuromotor development training.
C)functional training.
D)compensatory training.

Question 27

After examining the patient the therapist determines that distributed practice will benefit the patient most.Which of the following best describes a possible reason for this decision?

A)The therapist wants the patient to make a great deal of progress in a short amount of time.
B)The patient is highly motivated and willing to work on high-level skills.
C)The therapist is working on a task that is simple and does not require a great deal of energy.
D)The patient has limited endurance and impaired motor planning skills for the task.

Question 28

A patient participating in a strengthening program is using resistance that requires strong contraction of the muscle,80% of MVC.What principle of strengthening does this demonstrate?

A)Overload principle
B)Specificity principle
C)Cross-training principle
D)Reversibility principle

Question 29

The therapist has decided to work with the patient on transfers by having the patient perform bed to wheelchair,wheelchair to mat,wheelchair to couch,and wheelchair to tub transfers during one treatment session.What is the benefit of having the patient practice this way?

A)Blocked practice allows the patient to progress quickly.
B)Random practice is more effective for retention.
C)Distributed practice works well for complex tasks.
D)Massed practice increases the speed of learning.

Question 30

Which of the following motor tasks would benefit the most from whole versus part practice?

A)Walking
B)Wheelchair transfers
C)Bed mobility
D)Sit to stand

Question 31

The therapist provides the patient with feedback about performance on a motor task after every trial at first,and then after every second,then every third trial,until the therapist is providing feedback after every fifth or sixth trial.What type of feedback is this?

A)Summed feedback
B)Faded feedback
C)Bandwidth feedback
D)Delayed feedback

Question 32

The therapist provides the patient with feedback about her performance on a motor task after a 3- to 5-second delay.What type of feedback is this?

A)Summed feedback
B)Faded feedback
C)Bandwidth feedback
D)Delayed feedback

Question 33

The patient is instructed to practice walking at the mall after walking in a physical therapy clinic 3 times a week for 3 weeks.How does this change the practice?

A)It changes practice from blocked to random.
B)It moves the task from a closed to an open environment.
C)The practice of gait in the hospital was a lead-up activity.
D)The practice order is significantly different in the mall.

Question 34

Why would a therapist choose contract-Relax (CR)over passive stretching?

A)While CR is more uncomfortable it provides for faster gains in range.
B)CR can provide a better stretch because of inhibition of the antagonist.
C)Facilitated stretching encourages the patient to be more passive.
D)CR increases strength as resistance is applied through range of motion.

Question 35

To facilitate hip and knee extensor strength for sit to stand the therapist has the patient performing partial squats.What is the benefit of this activity?

A)Stimulation of joint proprioceptors using a closed-chain exercise
B)Activation of the prime movers using a closed-chain exercise
C)Functional training in weightbearing positions using an open-chain exercise
D)Isolation of key muscles involved using an open-chain exercise

Question 36

The therapist provides the patient with feedback about performance on a motor task only when the patient's performance falls outside of a prescribed range of performance.What type of feedback is this?

A)Summed feedback
B)Faded feedback
C)Bandwidth feedback
D)Delayed feedback

Question 37

A patient has been unable to participate in the prescribed exercise program during the last week because of a pulmonary embolus and demonstrates significantly decreased strength on re-examination.What principle of strengthening does this demonstrate?

A)Overload principle
B)Specificity principle
C)Cross-training principle
D)Reversibility principle

Question 38

After a brain injury,an individual demonstrates functional gains as a result of constraint-induced movement therapy.This recovery is most likely a result of what mechanism?

A)Spontaneous recovery
B)Compensatory strategies
C)Cortical reorganization
D)Denervation supersensitivity

Question 39

The patient demonstrates strength deficits for the concentric contraction of the hip flexors for swing phase of gait.The therapist chooses to provide resistance to the hip flexors in standing through the range of motion from 10º hip extension to 30º hip flexion.What principle of strengthening programs does this demonstrate?

A)Overload principle
B)Specificity principle
C)Cross-training principle
D)Reversibility principle

Question 40

A therapist chooses an intervention approach that focuses on use of the less involved extremity so the patient could regain functional tasks.The therapist's framework is

A)proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation.
B)neuromotor development training.
C)functional training.
D)compensatory training.

Question 41

What are the key components of a sensory integration training program?

A)Multimodal presentation of stimuli combined with functional training.
B)Presentation of a sequential series of stimuli followed by a rest period.
C)Use of sensory stimulation to produce very specific extremity movements.
D)Functional training that is enhanced by use of one specific set of stimuli.

Question 42

When are serial casts indicated?

A)With a patient who is responding to facilitated stretching
B)With a patient who demonstrates close to normal range of motion
C)With a patient who is very agitated and cannot tolerate stretching
D)With a patient who is at risk for development of contractures

Question 43

The patient demonstrates significant spasticity of the right upper extremity.The therapist uses used rhythmic rotation to reduce the spasticity with success.What should be the progression of activities?

A)Facilitation of functional reaching activities in sitting
B)Use of neutral warmth to further reduce spasticity
C)Stretching of the right upper extremity at the shoulder
D)Upper extremity support in sitting

Question 44

During the Clinical Test for Sensory Interaction and Balance,the therapist determines that the patient is over-reliant on vision during balance activities.What is an appropriate initial intervention?

A)Standing from surface to foam surface
B)Standing wide BOS to narrow
C)Standing eyes open to eyes closed
D)Standing eyes closed on foam