Deck 10: B: Lifespan Development

Question 1

The adage "Out of sight,out of mind" is most accurately applied to the early part of the _______ stage of development.

A)formal operations
B)concrete operations
C)preoperational
D)sensorimotor

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In which stage of cognitive development does the conservation concept first appear?

A)formal operations
B)concrete operations
C)preoperational
D)sensorimotor

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What event marks the end of the Piagetian stage of sensorimotor development?

A)the ability to do abstract thinking
B)the ability to do reversible thinking
C)the development of conservation
D)the development of object permanence

Answer 3

D

Question 4

According to Piaget,the stage of cognitive development between two and seven years of age,in which the individual becomes able to use mental representations and language to describe,remember,and reason about the world,though only in an egocentric fashion,is the __________ stage.

A)concrete operations
B)preoperational
C)sensorimotor
D)formal operations

Question 5

Five-year-old Tammy mistakenly believes that her short,wide glass contains less soda than her brother's tall,narrow glass.Actually,both glasses contain the same amount of soda.This illustrates that Tammy lacks the concept of

A)conservation.
B)egocentrism.
C)assimilation.
D)object permanence.

Question 6

When Angela plays the game "peek-a-boo!" with her infant,Michael,he cries every time,thinking his mom has disappeared.Which concept has Michael yet to develop?

A)conservation
B)object permanence
C)symbolic thought
D)assimilation

Question 7

A developmental psychologist presents the conservation-of-liquid task to groups of three-,five-,and seven-year-olds to measure the children's grasp of the concept of conservation.Which type of study is being described?

A)cross-sectional
B)longitudinal
C)case
D)naturalistic

Question 8

A child learns that his father is called "Daddy." The next day,he calls his uncle "Daddy." Which term best captures this behaviour?

A)assimilation
B)accommodation
C)equilibration
D)egocentrism

Question 9

Three-year-old Zara calls all four-legged animals "kitties." Her tendency to fit all four-legged animals into her existing conception of a kitten illustrates the process of

A)conservation.
B)assimilation.
C)accommodation.
D)egocentrism.

Question 10

A group of psychologists studies how adults change and grow,both psychologically and physiologically,as they age.These psychologists are most likely

A)personality psychologists.
B)social psychologists.
C)organizational psychologists.
D)developmental psychologists.

Question 11

Linda adopted a 1-week-old baby named Ben.Over the course of a few years,Linda observed the following symptoms in Ben despite her attempts to provide him with a healthy environment: his physical growth was stunted,his eyes and mouth looked abnormal,and he had trouble keeping up intellectually with the other children in his kindergarten class.What substance was Ben likely exposed to in utero?

A)nicotine
B)cocaine
C)alcohol
D)tetracycline

Question 12

Adjusting behaviour or thoughts to fit new environmental demands is called

A)schema.
B)accommodation.
C)assimilation.
D)structure.

Question 13

_______ is most famous for his theory that all children go through a series of sequential intellectual stages.

A)Ainsworth
B)Bowlby
C)Gesell
D)Piaget

Question 14

A child and her mother are walking through an aquarium.The child knows there are such things as fish,but has never seen a starfish before.Upon seeing one,she says "See the fishie." Which term best explains the child's comment?

A)assimilation
B)accommodation
C)egocentrism
D)equilibration

Question 15

The first time that four-year-old Sarah saw her older brother play a flute,she thought it was simply a large whistle.Sarah's initial understanding of the flute best illustrates the process of

A)assimilation.
B)egocentrism.
C)conservation.
D)accommodation.

Question 16

The mother of a young child who didn't like to drink milk was trying to coax him to drink some.Taking the glass of milk,she poured it all into a smaller cup and said,"There! Now you won't have to drink so much." She would never have fooled the child if he had not been in the __________ stage.

A)preconventional
B)preoperational
C)concrete operational
D)formal operational

Question 17

The __________ roughly resembles a human being.

A)zygote
B)fetus
C)embryo
D)placenta

Question 18

A developmental psychologist is interested in the trait of neuroticism and wants to study how the trait develops over a particular person's lifespan.Which term best characterizes this type of study?

A)longitudinal
B)developmental
C)cross-developmental
D)cross-sectional

Question 19

What does research on the achievement of motor milestones in infants suggest?

A)Motor development is primarily biological and reflects innately programmed changes consistent across cultures.
B)Motor development is dependent on physical maturation,which is guided by biological changes.
C)Motor development is largely an environmental process that is occasionally limited by physiological constraints.
D)Motor development is heavily influenced by parenting styles and culture.

Question 20

Piaget's stage theory assumes that

A)all children pass through certain stages at a specified age.
B)all children pass through a series of 6 stages.
C)all children pass through stages in the same order.
D)children often skip some of the stages.

Question 21

The strange situation procedure,in which researchers unobtrusively watch an infant in the presence or absence of several combinations of the child,caretaker,and stranger,is used to study
A)attachment.

A)social smiling.
B)identification.
C)dependence and independence.

Question 22

Three-year-old Nick agrees to trade his dime for a nickel because the nickel is bigger.Which stage of cognitive development is being characterized?

A)concrete operational
B)formal operational
C)preoperational
D)sensorimotor

Question 23

Which of the following theorists believe that people go through stages,each of which has a "crisis" associated with it?

A)Bandura
B)Kohlberg
C)Piaget
D)Erikson

Question 24

The emotional bond formed during the first year of life that makes human babies cling to their caretakers is called

A)attachment.
B)intimacy.
C)socialization.
D)imprinting.

Question 25

Piaget called the belief that one is the centre of the world

A)"animism."
B)"egocentrism."
C)"self-centring."
D)"centrismic thinking."

Question 26

Nathan is trying to build a castle out of building blocks.At his current stage of cognitive development,he is unable to successfully construct this himself,but is receptive to learning the skill with the assistance of others.Which term proposed by Vygotsky best captures Nathan's developmental stage?

A)scaffolding stage
B)concrete operations
C)formal operations
D)zone of proximal development

Question 27

Tracy is nine months.She is growing and changing so quickly it is difficult for her parents to keep up with all the things she is learning.Her parents have lately noticed that Tracy is spending more and more time and energy trying to do things for herself.This is a sign she is beginning to develop

A)self-recognition.
B)self-attention.
C)a sense of attachment.
D)a sense of self-awareness.

Question 28

Most ten- and eleven-year-olds are at the level of thinking that Piaget described as

A)formal operational.
B)preoperational.
C)sensorimotor.
D)concrete operational.

Question 29

The most obvious change ushering in adolescence is

A)voice change.
B)intellectual growth.
C)puberty.
D)emotional upheaval.

Question 30

As children approach their teen years,contact with _______ becomes more important in their development.

A)peers
B)parents
C)teachers
D)adults

Question 31

A child thinks that the day turns to night just so that he can go to sleep at bedtime.Which term best characterizes this behaviour?

A)egocentrism
B)conservation
C)deferred imitation
D)assimilation

Question 32

In which way do most contemporary theories of cognitive development differ from Piagetian theory?

A)Learning is constructivist in nature.
B)Learning is gradual rather than stage-like.
C)Learning is based on general domains.
D)Learning is a function of acquired knowledge.

Question 33

A characteristic that first shows up in the concrete operations stage is

A)irreversibility.
B)abstract thinking.
C)egocentrism.
D)logical thinking.

Question 34

Erik Erikson found that each stage in personality development has a particular

A)crisis.
B)conflict.
C)identity.
D)anxiety.

Question 35

If a child can tell you what Y is equal to when you give her the equation X = Y + 10,then she is in the _______ stage of cognitive development.

A)formal operations
B)concrete operations
C)preoperational
D)sensorimotor

Question 36

According to Piaget,what are the ages for the formal operational stage?

A)birth to age two
B)age two to seven
C)age seven to eleven
D)beyond age eleven or twelve

Question 37

Lawrence Kohlberg is noted for his theories of __________ development.

A)cognitive
B)social
C)moral
D)emotional

Question 38

According to Piaget,children begin to develop concepts and the ability to think in terms of abstractions in the __________ stage.

A)preoperational
B)formal operational
C)concrete operational
D)sensorimotor

Question 39

The tendency for young children to seek closeness to certain people is called

A)caretaking.
B)affiliation.
C)social affinity.
D)attachment.

Question 40

According to Piaget,children learn to retrace their thoughts,correct themselves,see more than one dimension to a problem,but cannot yet handle abstract concepts during the __________ stage.

A)preoperational
B)formal operational
C)concrete operational
D)sensorimotor

Question 41

According to Erikson,the last stage of development involves the crisis of

A)identity vs.role confusion.
B)generativity vs.stagnation.
C)autonomy vs.doubt.
D)ego-integrity vs.despair.

Question 42

According to Erikson,a sense of producing and contributing to the world is called

A)generativity.
B)self-actualization.
C)maturation.
D)worthiness.

Question 43

Generativity or stagnation are two feelings that may dominate a person's life during

A)middle adulthood.
B)young adulthood.
C)late adulthood.
D)the period after he is told that he has a terminal illness.

Question 44

A gradual and inevitable decline in the life processes begins in

A)adolescence.
B)young adulthood.
C)middle age.
D)old age.