Deck 14: Property and Public Order Crime

Question 1

Which of the following is not considered a type of larceny/theft in the UCR?

A) Shoplifting
B) Purse snatching
C) Pickpocketing
D) Bicycle theft
E) Softlifting

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Softlifting is defined as:

A) the stealing of items worth less than fifty dollars.
B) the illegal duplication of copyrighted software.
C) shoplifting when someone else orders the crime.
D) legal piracy.
E) commercial shoplifting.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which one of the following individuals first used the term "white collar crime?"

A) Peter Letkemann
B) Edwin Sutherland
C) Gresham Sykes
D) Nelson Rockefeller
E) Marvin Wolfgang

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The most common form of violence in burglaries is:

A) aggravated assault.
B) forcible rape.
C) arson.
D) larceny-theft.
E) simple assault.

Question 5

Which statement is true about carjacking?

A) Women are carjacked more than men.
B) The driver is frequently killed by the carjacker.
C) Eighty-seven percent of carjackers are drinking alcohol at the time of the crime.
D) Carjacking incidents are highest in urban areas.
E) Incidents often take place during the daytime.

Question 6

Available research on shoplifting indicates that it is:

A) almost exclusively a female offense.
B) neurotically motivated.
C) performed principally by teenagers.
D) largely due to spontaneous impulses rather than careful planning.
E) performed by those in need.

Question 7

In Moore's study of 300 convicted shoplifters, over half were designated as:

A) amateurs.
B) emotionally disturbed.
C) semi-professional.
D) impulse shoplifters.
E) older women.

Question 8

Burglaries are most likely to involve:

A) private residences.
B) warehouses and storage facilities.
C) convenience and liquor stores.
D) supermarkets.
E) fast food restaurants.

Question 9

Which of the following factors does not appear to determine whether or not a person is arrested for shoplifting?

A) The value of the item stolen
B) The address of the shoplifter
C) The gender of the shoplifter
D) The shoplifter's resistance to being apprehended
E) None of the above

Question 10

A situation in which a shoplifter follows someone else's orders in committing the crime is referred to as:

A) vicarious gratification.
B) neutralization.
C) shoplifting by proxy.
D) softlifting.
E) coercive crime.

Question 11

Of the following offenders, which is most likely to carefully select their targets and victims?

A) Auto thieves
B) Robbers
C) Pickpockets
D) Burglars
E) Arsonists

Question 12

Which statement is true of kleptomania?

A) It is highly prevalent among female shoplifters.
B) It is highly prevalent among male shoplifters.
C) It has not been strongly substantiated by the available research.
D) It is a disease specific to Caucasian females over age forty.
E) It is a manifestation of childhood trauma.

Question 13

Research by Bennett and Wright (1984) found that:

A) almost all burglaries are planned.
B) burglars generally have an irresistible or constant urge to steal or burglarize.
C) dogs and burglar alarms did not influence the decision to burglarize a residential property.
D) increased police patrols were major deterrents in decisions to burglarize.
E) most burglars live within thirty miles of their target.

Question 14

Joe Harris is a professional burglar who has targeted the Livingston family home at 57 Mulberry Lane. On the day of the burglary, Joe notices Mrs. Livingston's car is unexpectedly parked in the driveway. Joe decides to burglarize another home on Mulberry Lane instead. Joe is using:

A) occupancy cues.
B) burglar ease.
C) integrated transference.
D) systematic skill.
E) entry strategies.

Question 15

Green's concept of occupational crime would include all of the following except:

A) a bank officer embezzling funds.
B) a corporation illegally dumping hazardous waste.
C) a police officer using excessive force against a suspect.
D) a restaurant employee stealing food from the restaurant.
E) No answer is correct.

Question 16

The most common Part I property crime is:

A) motor vehicle theft.
B) burglary.
C) larceny-theft.
D) shoplifting.
E) road rage.

Question 17

According to Shover, all of the following are characteristics of a "good burglar," except:

A) technical skill.
B) derives most of his or her income from burglary.
C) is skilled in the use of violence when necessary.
D) maintains a good reputation for personal integrity among other criminals.
E) has feelings of self-satisfaction and accomplishment.

Question 18

Past behavior through which the actor recasts activities in a manner consistent with "what should have been," rather than "what was," is referred to by Cromwell et al. as:

A) rational reconstruction.
B) dysfunctional reorganization.
C) dysfunctional reconstruction.
D) cognitive scripts
E) none of the above.

Question 19

In addition to the other negative effects of victimization, victims of fraud and identity theft are most likely to experience:

A) post-traumatic stress.
B) feelings of self-blame.
C) uncontrollable anger.
D) clinical depression.
E) homicidal thoughts.

Question 20

What is the essential difference between occupational crime and corporate crime?

A) Occupational crime involves large sums of money; whereas corporate crime involves smaller amounts of money.
B) In occupational crime, the individual benefits; whereas in corporate crime, the corporation benefits from the crime.
C) Corporate crime is illegal, occupational crime is legal.
D) The perpetrator of corporate crime almost always is wealthy, which is not so in occupational crime.
E) All of the above.

Question 21

White-collar crime can be explained by neutralization techniques.

Question 22

Shoplifting is an underreported crime.

Question 23

The psychological distance between what people perceive they have now and what they feel they can realistically attain is referred to as relative deprivation.

Question 24

The irresistible impulse to steal unneeded objects is referred to as kleptomania.

Question 25

Recent research indicates that _____ percent of all software installed on computers in 2006 were pirated versions.

A) 10
B) 5
C) 35
D) 60
E) 75

Question 26

A concept that refers to the perceived discrepancy between what an individual has and what he or she would like to have is called:

A) restrictive opportunity.
B) discrepant distribution of wealth.
C) relative deprivation.
D) displacement of needs fallacy.
E) status inequality.

Question 27

If you were a security consultant to a large department store, what would you share about the psychological and demographic characteristics of shoplifters?

Question 28

Subversion techniques are often used by professional burglars to convince themselves that their behavior was not truly criminal.

Question 29

Which one of the following offenses would not be considered larceny?

A) Shoplifting
B) Home invasion
C) Pickpocketing
D) Purse snatching
E) Bicycle theft

Question 30

Two thirds of burglary cases involve commercial establishments.

Question 31

According to the Vaughn et al. (2008) burglar typology, which class of burglar was the most violent?

A) The feral threat
B) The young versatile
C) The sexual predator
D) The vagrant
E) The dominator

Question 32

Vaughn et al.'s 2008 research identified four classes of burglars based on _____motives.

A) psychological
B) financial
C) sexual
D) external
E) personality

Question 33

Shoplifting is primarily committed by females.

Question 34

The majority of property crimes eventually result in physical aggression.

Question 35

Carjacking most commonly occurs in rural, isolated areas.

Question 36

The standards, perceptions, and values the work group establishes for itself with or without approval by the organization is referred to as:

A) work ethic.
B) employee principle.
C) unionization.
D) normative support.
E) subversive culture.

Question 37

How does larceny-theft differ from burglary?

A) It doesn't involve unlawful entry.
B) It doesn't involve violent crime.
C) It is committed by professionals.
D) It is almost always carefully planned.
E) All of the above

Question 38

Burglaries are more likely to occur in January and February, after the holidays.

Question 39

Medicare fraud committed by a physician would be considered _____ occupational crime under Green's categories.

A) medical
B) professional
C) individual
D) physician-assisted
E) state-authority

Question 40

The burglar who engages in destructive, malicious vandalism during the break-in is referred to as the _____ burglar.

A) riddlesmith
B) dominator
C) Z-destroyer
D) feral threat
E) antisocial

Question 41

Summarize the current research on kleptomania. What does research tell us about the prevalence of kleptomania?

Question 42

Explain why children in foster care may be easy targets for identity theft.

Question 43

Describe the psychological effects of burglary on victims. How do some burglars deliberately increase these negative effects?

Question 44

Discuss the conceptual difficulty in defining white collar crime.

Question 45

Describe the process burglars use to select their targets.

Question 46

Compare and contrast motor vehicle theft and carjacking.

Question 47

List some of the reasons researchers are able to access such detailed information about burglary, compared to other offenses.

Question 48

Describe two reasons that the crimes in this Chapter differ from crimes mentioned in previous Chapters of the text.

Question 49

How does dehumanization make victimization easier for the offender? Provide two examples.