Deck 1: A: Introducing Psychological Science

Question 1

Phrenologists suggested that specific mental traits and dispositions could be identified by examining the surface of the skull.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Credit for establishing psychology as an independent field of science is generally given to William James.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)allows researchers to tap into the unconscious processes that motivate behaviour.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Cognitive psychology focuses on helping people to see the good in their lives and to accept themselves for who they are.

Question 5

The term "theory" is interchangeable with the terms "opinion" or "belief."

Question 6

Sigmund Freud's work using hypnosis to cure patients made him realize that many of his patients' symptoms had mental,not physical,causes and this led to the development of psychoanalysis.

Question 7

Empiricism means that knowledge about the world is based on careful observation,not common sense or speculation.

Question 8

A hypothesis is a testable prediction about processes that can be observed and measured.

Question 9

Psychology became a scientific discipline in the mid- to late-1600s.

Question 10

Part of being scientifically literate is being able to apply scientific knowledge to real-world situations.

Question 11

Psychology is best defined as the study of mental illness and abnormal behaviour.

Question 12

Structuralism was an early psychological approach that emphasized the function and purpose of behaviour and consciousness.

Question 13

A good hypothesis is one that is stated in the most general terms possible.

Question 14

Critical thinkers realize that all opinions are valid.

Question 15

Psychoanalysis emphasizes the influence of unconscious urges and memories on behaviour.

Question 16

The cognitive perspective is an approach that emphasizes mental processes in thinking,memory,language,and other areas of behaviour.

Question 17

The psychology of women is focused primarily on investigating why men are traditionally favoured in society.

Question 18

The goal of Edward Titchener in adopting Wilhelm Wundt's method of introspection was to break down consciousness into its most basic elements.

Question 19

Humanistic psychology is an approach emphasizing the need for psychologists to focus on the whole of perception and experience,rather than its parts.

Question 20

Critical thinking involves exercising curiosity and skepticism when evaluating the claims of others,as well as our own assumptions and beliefs.